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Nakajima T, Fukuda T, Shibasaki I, Obi S, Sakuma M, Abe S, Fukuda H, Toyoda S, Nakajima T. Pathophysiological roles of the serum acylcarnitine level and acylcarnitine/free carnitine ratio in patients with cardiovascular diseases. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2024; 51:101386. [PMID: 38515869 PMCID: PMC10955663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction L-carnitine exerts protective effects, such as maintaining mitochondrial functions and decreasing reactive oxygen species, while acylcarnitine (AC) is linked to the development of heart failure and atherosclerosis. Hypothesis Serum carnitines play important pathophysiological roles in cardiovascular diseases. Methods Pre-operative biochemical data were obtained from 117 patients (71 men, average age 69.9 years) who underwent surgery for cardiovascular diseases. Measurements included pre-operative biochemical data including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), physical functions, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, anterior thigh muscle thickness (MTh) measured by ultrasound, and routine echocardiography. Carnitine components were measured with the enzyme cycling method. Muscle wasting was diagnosed based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Results Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level was correlated with serum free carnitine (FC) and AC level, and the acylcarnitine/free carnitine ratio (AC/FC). AC/FC was elevated with stage of chronic kidney disease. In multivariate analysis, log (eGFR) and log (BNP) were extracted as independent factors to define log (serum AC) (eGFR: β = 0.258, p = 0.008; BNP: β = 0.273, p = 0.011), even if corrected for age, sex and body mass index. AC/FC was negatively correlated with hand-grip strength (r = -0.387, p = 0.006), SMI (r = -0.314, p = 0.012), and anterior thigh MTh (r = -0.340, p = 0.014) in men. Conclusions A significant association between serum AC level and AC/FC, and chronic kidney disease and heart failure exists in patients with cardiovascular diseases who have undergone cardiovascular surgery. Skeletal muscle loss and muscle wasting are also linked to the elevation of serum AC level and AC/FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taira Fukuda
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ikuko Shibasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Syotaro Obi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masashi Sakuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shichiro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
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Ng TKS, Wee HN, Ching J, Kovalik JP, Chan AW, Matchar DB. Plasma Acylcarnitines as Metabolic Signatures of Declining Health-Related Quality of Life Measure in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Combined Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Pilot Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glac114. [PMID: 35605263 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures are predictors of adverse health outcomes in older adults. Studies have demonstrated cross-sectional associations between HRQoL measures and blood-based biochemical markers. Acylcarnitines (ACs) are a class of metabolites generated in the mitochondria and are predictive of multiple geriatric syndromes. Changes in ACs reflect alterations in central carbon metabolic pathways. However, the prospective relationship between plasma ACs and declining HRQoL has not been examined. This study aimed to investigate both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of baseline ACs with baseline and declining EuroQol-5 Dimension/EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-5D/EQ-VAS) in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS One hundred and twenty community-dwelling older adults with EQ-5D/EQ-VAS measurements at baseline and follow-up were included. We quantified ACs at baseline using targeted plasma metabolomics profiling. Multivariate regressions were performed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the measures. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, ACs showed no significant associations with either EQ-5D index or EQ-VAS scores. Longitudinally, multiple baseline short-chain ACs were significantly and inversely associated with declining EQ-5D index score, explaining up to 8.5% of variance in the decline. CONCLUSIONS Within a cohort of community-dwelling older adults who had high HRQoL at baseline, we showed that higher levels of short-chain ACs are longitudinally associated with declining HRQoL. These findings reveal a novel association between central carbon metabolic pathways and declining HRQoL. Notably, dysregulation in mitochondrial central carbon metabolism could be detected prior to clinically important decline in HRQoL, providing the first evidence of objective biomarkers as novel predictors to monitor HRQoL in nonpharmacological interventions and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Kheng Siang Ng
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Hai Ning Wee
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Angelique W Chan
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Aging, Research and Education, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - David Bruce Matchar
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Center for Aging, Research and Education, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Medicine (General Internal Medicine), Duke University School of Medicine, USA
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Campbell MD, Djukovic D, Raftery D, Marcinek DJ. Age-related changes of skeletal muscle metabolic response to contraction are also sex-dependent. J Physiol 2023:10.1113/JP285124. [PMID: 37742081 PMCID: PMC10959763 DOI: 10.1113/jp285124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria adapt to increased energy demands during muscle contraction by acutely altering metabolite fluxes and substrate oxidation. With age, an impaired mitochondrial metabolic response may contribute to reduced exercise tolerance and decreased skeletal muscle mass, specific force, increased overall fatty depositions in the skeletal muscle, frailty and depressed energy maintenance. We hypothesized that elevated energy stress in mitochondria with age alters the capacity of mitochondria to utilize different substrates following muscle contraction. To test this hypothesis, we used in vivo electrical stimulation to simulate high-intensity intervals (HII) or low intensity steady-state (LISS) exercise in young (5-7 months) and aged (27-29 months) male and female mice to characterize effects of age and sex on mitochondrial substrate utilization in skeletal muscle following contraction. Mitochondrial respiration using glutamate decreased in aged males following HII and glutamate oxidation was inhibited following HII in both the contracted and non-stimulated muscle of aged female muscle. Analyses of the muscle metabolome of female mice indicated that changes in metabolic pathways induced by HII and LISS contractions in young muscle are absent in aged muscle. To test improved mitochondrial function on substrate utilization following HII, we treated aged females with elamipretide (ELAM), a mitochondrially-targeted peptide shown to improve mitochondrial bioenergetics and restore redox status in aged muscle. ELAM removed inhibition of glutamate oxidation and showed increased metabolic pathway changes following HII, suggesting rescuing redox status and improving bioenergetic function in mitochondria from aged muscle increases glutamate utilization and enhances the metabolic response to muscle contraction in aged muscle. KEY POINTS: Acute local contraction of gastrocnemius can systemically alter mitochondrial respiration in non-stimulated muscle. Age-related changes in mitochondrial respiration using glutamate or palmitoyl carnitine following contraction are sex-dependent. Respiration using glutamate after high-intensity contraction is inhibited in aged female muscle. Metabolite level and pathway changes following muscle contraction decrease with age in female mice. Treatment with the mitochondrially-targeted peptide elamipretide can partially rescue metabolite response to muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Sha T, Wang N, Wei J, He H, Wang Y, Zeng C, Lei G. Genetically Predicted Levels of Serum Metabolites and Risk of Sarcopenia: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3964. [PMID: 37764748 PMCID: PMC10536442 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites' connection to sarcopenia through inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction is presumed, but their impact remains unclear due to limitations in conventional observational studies caused by confounding bias and reverse causation. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the association of serum metabolites with sarcopenia and its related traits, i.e., appendicular lean mass and grip strength. Genetic instruments to proxy the serum metabolites were extracted from the most comprehensive genome-wide association study on the topic published so far. The corresponding summary statistics for the associations of genetic instruments with outcomes were calculated from the UK Biobank (n = 324,976 participants). The primary analyses were assessed by an inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. The weighted median and MR-PRESSO methods were used as sensitive analyses. Fourteen genetically predicted serum metabolites were associated with the risk of sarcopenia (PIVW < 0.05). Two metabolites showed the overlapped association with sarcopenia and its related traits, which were isovalerylcarnitine (sarcopenia: odds ratio [OR] = 4.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11~14.52, PIVW = 0.034; appendicular lean mass: β = -0.45 kg, 95% CI = -0.81~-0.09, PIVW = 0.015; grip strength: β = -1.51 kg, 95% CI = -2.31~-0.71, PIVW = 2.19 × 10-4) and docosapentaenoate (sarcopenia: OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.03~0.83, PIVW = 0.029; appendicular lean mass: β = -0.45 kg, 95% CI = 0.08~0.81, PIVW = 0.016). Twenty-seven metabolites were suggestive associated with appendicular lean mass or grip strength. This MR study provided evidence for the potential effects of metabolites on sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hongyi He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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5
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Tian Q, Mitchell BA, Erus G, Davatzikos C, Moaddel R, Resnick SM, Ferrucci L. Sex differences in plasma lipid profiles of accelerated brain aging. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 129:178-184. [PMID: 37336172 PMCID: PMC10527719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential components of brain structure and shown to affect brain function. Previous studies have shown that aging men undergo greater brain atrophy than women, but whether the associations between lipids and brain atrophy differ by sex is unclear. We examined sex differences in the associations between circulating lipids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and the progression of MRI-derived brain atrophy index Spatial Patterns of Atrophy for Recognition of Brain Aging (SPARE-BA) over an average of 4.7 (SD = 2.3) years in 214 men and 261 women aged 60 or older who were initially cognitively normal using multivariable linear regression, adjusted for age, race, education, and baseline SPARE-BA. We found significant sex interactions for beta-oxidation rate, short-chain acylcarnitines, long-chain ceramides, and very long-chain triglycerides. Lower beta-oxidation rate and short-chain acylcarnitines in women and higher long-chain ceramides and very long-chain triglycerides in men were associated with faster increases in SPARE-BA (accelerated brain aging). Circulating lipid profiles of accelerated brain aging are sex-specific and vary by lipid classes and structure. Mechanisms underlying these sex-specific lipid profiles of brain aging warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Tian
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Brendan A Mitchell
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guray Erus
- Radiology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Radiology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Serum Metabolome Adaptations Following 12 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Obese Older Adults. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020198. [PMID: 36837817 PMCID: PMC9967246 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity can be effective in preventing some of the adverse effects of aging on health. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) are beneficial interventions for the quality of life of obese older individuals. The understanding of all possible metabolic mechanisms underlying these beneficial changes has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the serum metabolome after 12 weeks of HIIT and MICT in obese older adults. Thirty-eight participants performed either HIIT (n = 26) or MICT (n = 12) three times per week for 12 weeks. Serum metabolites as well as clinical and biological parameters were assessed before and after the 12-week intervention. Among the 364 metabolites and ratio of metabolites identified, 51 metabolites changed significantly following the 12-week intervention. Out of them, 21 significantly changed following HIIT intervention and 18 significantly changed following MICT. Associations with clinical and biological adaptations revealed that changes in acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholine (PCae) (22:1) correlated positively with changes in handgrip strength in the HIIT group (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). A negative correlation was also observed between 2-oxoglutaric acid and HOMA-IR (r = -0.44, p < 0.01) when considering both groups together (HIIT and MICT). This metabolite also correlated positively with quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) in both groups together (r = 0.46, p < 0.01) and the HIIT group (r = 0.51, p < 0.01). Additionally, in the MICT group, fumaric acid was positively correlated with triglyceride levels (r = 0.73, p < 0.01) and acetylcarnitine correlated positively with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). These four metabolites might represent potential metabolites of interest concerning muscle strength, glycemic parameters, as well as lipid profile parameters, and hence, for a potential healthy aging. Future studies are needed to confirm the association between these metabolites and a healthy aging.
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Gu X, Wang W, Yang Y, Lei Y, Liu D, Wang X, Wu T. The Effect of Metabolites on Mitochondrial Functions in the Pathogenesis of Skeletal Muscle Aging. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1275-1295. [PMID: 36033236 PMCID: PMC9416380 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s376668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related systemic disease characterized by skeletal muscle aging that generally severely affects the quality of life of elderly patients. Metabolomics analysis is a powerful tool for qualitatively and quantitatively characterizing the small molecule metabolomics of various biological matrices in order to clarify all key scientific problems concerning cell metabolism. The discovery of optimal therapy requires a thorough understanding of the cellular metabolic mechanism of skeletal muscle aging. In this review, the relationship between skeletal muscle mitochondria, amino acid, vitamin, lipid, adipokines, intestinal microbiota and vascular microenvironment has been separately reviewed from the perspective of metabolomics, and a new therapeutic direction has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Gu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Lei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
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Meng L, Yang R, Wang D, Wu W, Shi J, Shen J, Dang Y, Fan G, Shi H, Dong J, Xi H, Yu P. Specific lysophosphatidylcholine and acylcarnitine related to sarcopenia and its components in older men. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:249. [PMID: 35337292 PMCID: PMC8957177 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic profiling may provide insights into the pathogenesis and identification of sarcopenia; however, data on the metabolic basis of sarcopenia and muscle-related parameters among older adults remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify the associations of metabolites with sarcopenia and its components, and to explore metabolic perturbations in older men, who have a higher prevalence of sarcopenia than women. Methods We simultaneously measured the concentrations of amino acids, carnitine, acylcarnitines, and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) in serum samples from a cross-sectional study of 246 Chinese older men, using targeted metabolomics. Sarcopenia and its components, including skeletal muscle index (SMI), 6-m gait speed, and handgrip strength were assessed according to the algorithm of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Associations were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Sixty-five (26.4%) older men with sarcopenia and 181 (73.6%) without sarcopenia were included in the study. The level of isovalerylcarnitine (C5) was associated with the presence of sarcopenia and SMI. Regarding the overlapped metabolites for muscle parameters, among ten metabolites associated with muscle mass, six metabolites including leucine, octanoyl-L-carnitine (C8), decanoyl-L-carnitine (C10), dodecanoyl-L-carnitine (C12) and tetradecanoyl-L-carnitine (C14), and LPC18:2 were associated with handgrip strength, and three of which (C12, C14, and LPC18:2) were also associated with gait speed. Specifically, tryptophan was positively associated and glycine was negatively associated with handgrip strength, while glutamate was positively correlated with gait speed. Isoleucine, branched chain amino acids, and LPC16:0 were positively associated with SMI. Moreover, the levels of LPC 16:0,18:2 and 18:0 contributed significantly to the model discriminating between older men with and without sarcopenia, whereas there were no significant associations for other amino acids, acylcarnitines, and LPC lipids. Conclusions These results showed that specific and overlapped metabolites are associated with sarcopenic parameters in older men. This study highlights the potential roles of acylcarnitines and LPCs in sarcopenia and its components, which may provide valuable information regarding the pathogenesis and management of sarcopenia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02953-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Meng
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Daguang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Dang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Xi
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pulin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Metabolomics as an Important Tool for Determining the Mechanisms of Human Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413575. [PMID: 34948370 PMCID: PMC8706620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle deconditioning impairs both locomotor function and metabolic health, and is associated with reduced quality life and increased mortality rates. Despite an appreciation of the existence of phenomena such as muscle anabolic resistance, mitophagy, and insulin resistance with age and disease in humans, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for these negative traits. With the complexities surrounding these unknowns and the lack of progress to date in development of effective interventions, there is a need for alternative approaches. Metabolomics is the study of the full array of metabolites within cells or tissues, which collectively constitute the metabolome. As metabolomics allows for the assessment of the cellular metabolic state in response to physiological stimuli, any chronic change in the metabolome is likely to reflect adaptation in the physiological phenotype of an organism. This, therefore, provides a holistic and unbiased approach that could be applied to potentially uncover important novel facets in the pathophysiology of muscle decline in ageing and disease, as well as identifying prognostic markers of those at risk of decline. This review will aim to highlight the current knowledge and potential impact of metabolomics in the study of muscle mass loss and deconditioning in humans and will highlight key areas for future research.
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Ng TKS, Matchar DB, Pyrkov TV, Fedichev PO, Chan AWM, Kennedy B. Association between housing type and accelerated biological aging in different sexes: moderating effects of health behaviors. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20029-20049. [PMID: 34456185 PMCID: PMC8436907 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite associated with multiple geriatric disorders, whether housing type, an indicator of socioeconomic status (SES) and environmental factors, is associated with accelerated biological aging is unknown. Furthermore, although individuals with low-SES have higher body mass index (BMI) and are more likely to smoke, whether BMI and smoking status moderate the association between SES and biological aging is unclear. We examined these questions in urbanized low-SES older community-dwelling adults. Methods: First, we analyzed complete blood count data using the cox proportional hazards model and derived measures for biological age (BA) and biological age acceleration (BAA, the higher the more accelerated aging) (N = 376). Subsequently, BAA was regressed on housing type, controlling for covariates, including four other SES indicators. Interaction terms between housing type and BMI/smoking status were separately added to examine their moderating effects. Total sample and sex-stratified analyses were performed. Results: There were significant differences between men and women in housing type and BAA. Compared to residents in ≥3 room public or private housing, older adults resided in 1–2 room public housing had a higher BAA. Furthermore, BMI attenuated the association between housing type and BAA. In sex-stratified analyses, the main and interaction effects were only significant in women. In men, smoking status instead aggravated the association between housing type and BAA. Conclusion: Controlling for other SES indicators, housing type is an independent socio-environmental determinant of BA and BAA in a low-SES urbanized population. There were also sex differences in the moderating effects of health behaviors on biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Kheng Siang Ng
- Arizona State University, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.,National Cheng Kung University, Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - David Bruce Matchar
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Singapore.,Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (General Internal Medicine), Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Peter O Fedichev
- GERO PTE. LTD., Singapore.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Angelique Wei-Ming Chan
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Center for Aging, Research and Education, Singapore.,National University of Singapore, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Singapore
| | - Brian Kennedy
- National University of Singapore, Center for Healthy Longevity, Healthy Longevity Program and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.,Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
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