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Yoo SY, Kim HY, Kim DH, Shim WS, Lee SM, Lee DH, Koo JM, Yoo JH, Koh S, Park JC, Yu J, Jeon JS, Baek MJ, Kim DD, Lee JY, Oh SJ, Kim SK, Lee JY, Kang KW. Laser-responsive erastin-loaded chondroitin sulfate nanomedicine targeting CD44 and system x c- in liver cancer: A non-ferroptotic approach. J Control Release 2024; 375:574-588. [PMID: 39293529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Erastin, a ferroptosis-inducing system xc- inhibitor, faces clinical challenges due to suboptimal physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, as well as relatively low potency and off-target toxicity. Addressing these, we developed ECINs, a novel laser-responsive erastin-loaded nanomedicine utilizing indocyanine green (ICG)-grafted chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) derivatives. Our aim was to improve erastin's tumor targeting via CSA-CD44 interactions and enhance its antitumor efficacy through ICG's photothermal and photodynamic effects in the laser-on state while minimizing off-target effects in the laser-off state. ECINs, with their nanoscale size of 186.7 ± 1.1 nm and high erastin encapsulation efficiency of 93.0 ± 0.8%, showed excellent colloidal stability and sustained drug release up to 120 h. In vitro, ECINs demonstrated a mechanism of cancer cell inhibition via G1-phase cell cycle arrest, indicating a non-ferroptotic action. In vivo biodistribution studies in SK-HEP-1 xenograft mice revealed that ECINs significantly enhanced tumor distribution of erastin (1.9-fold greater than free erastin) while substantially reducing off-target accumulation in the lungs and spleen by 203-fold and 19.1-fold, respectively. Combined with laser irradiation, ECINs significantly decreased tumor size (2.6-fold, compared to free erastin; 2.4-fold, compared to ECINs without laser irradiation) with minimal systemic toxicity. This study highlights ECINs as a dual-modality approach for liver cancer treatment, demonstrating significant efficacy against tumors overexpressing CD44 and system xc-.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeol Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Seob Shim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Mo Koo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjin Koh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Su Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jun Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Bakhsh T, Alyami NM. Inducing breast cancer cell death: The impact of taxodone on proliferation through apoptosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34044. [PMID: 39055854 PMCID: PMC11269907 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in women and a major contributor to cancer-related fatalities worldwide. Several factors play a role in the development of breast cancer, encompassing age, hormone levels, etc. Taxodone has shown significant anti-tumor properties in both laboratory experiments and living organisms. However, its impact on the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line has not been researched. This investigation explores the chemo-preventive potential of taxodone in the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The anticancer potential of taxodone against MCF-7 cells was determined by MTT assay. Further, the induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells was confirmed via ELISA, which indicated the increased incidences of chromatin condensation and ssDNA breakage in the MCF-7 apoptotic cells upon 24 h of taxodone treatment. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was evaluated using H2DCFDA fluorescent dye to elucidate the mechanism of action triggered upon taxodone treatment. The increasing intercellular ROS level sequentially activated the caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway. Consequently, the outcomes revealed that taxodone decreased the cell viability of MCF-7 dose-dependently. Taxodone triggers apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by increasing intracellular ROS levels and activating the caspase cascade through the mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel, an early marker of apoptosis onset. Our results indicate that taxodone exhibits anti-proliferative and apoptotic properties against human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, suggesting it to be a natural anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf M. Alyami
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Li S, Mu R, Guo X. Defensins regulate cell cycle: Insights of defensins on cellular proliferation and division. Life Sci 2024; 349:122740. [PMID: 38777302 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Defensins are a class of small antimicrobial peptides that play a crucial role against pathogens. However, recent research has highlighted defensins exhibit the ability to influence cell cycle checkpoints, promoting or inhibiting specific phases such as G1 arrest or S/M transition. By regulating the cell cycle, defensins impact the proliferation of normal and cancerous cells, with implications for cancer development and progression. Dysregulation of defensin expression can disrupt the delicate balance of cell cycle regulation, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and an increased risk of tumor formation. Defensins contribute to the resolution of inflammation, stimulate angiogenesis, and enhance the migration and proliferation of cells involved in tissue repair. Furthermore, The ability of defensins to respond to microenvironmental changes further demonstrates the significance of these peptides in host defense mechanisms and immune function. By adjusting their expression, defensins continue to combat pathogens effectively and maintain homeostasis within the body. This review highlights the multifaceted role of defensins in regulating the cell cycle and their broader implications in cancer progression, tissue repair, and microenvironmental response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Institute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Rongrong Mu
- Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, The Third People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xueqin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Gaomi City People's Hospital, Gaomi 261500, China
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4
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Wang SQ, Wang Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Li H, Yang Z, Sun WY, Sessler JL. High-nuclearity Luminescent Lanthanide Nanocages for Tumor Drug Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317775. [PMID: 38286749 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for easy-to-visualize drug carriers that can deliver therapeutic cargoes deep into solid tumors. Herein, we report the preparation of ultrasmall luminescent imine-based lanthanide nanocages, Eu60 and Tb60 (collectively Ln60 ), designed to encapsulate anticancer chemotherapeutics for tumor therapy. The as-prepared nanocages possess large cavities suitable for the encapsulation of doxorubicin (DOX), yielding DOX@Ln60 nanocages with diameters around 5 nm. DOX@Ln60 are efficiently internalized by breast cancer cells, allowing the cells to be visualized via the intrinsic luminescent property of Ln(III). Once internalized, the acidic intracellular microenvironment promotes imine bond cleavage and the release of the loaded DOX. DOX@Ln60 inhibits DNA replication and triggers tumor cell apoptosis. In a murine triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) model, DOX@Ln60 was found to inhibit tumor growth with negligible side effects on normal tissues. It proved more effective than various controls, including DOX and Ln60 . The present nanocages thus point the way to the development of precise nanomedicines for tumor imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yili Wang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wei-Yin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, United States
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5
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Zhang Y, Hao M, Yang X, Zhang S, Han J, Wang Z, Chen HN. Reactive oxygen species in colorectal cancer adjuvant therapies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166922. [PMID: 37898425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a prevalent global malignancy, often necessitates adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy to mitigate tumor burden in advanced stages. The efficacy of these therapies is significantly influenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous research underscores the pivotal role of ROS in gut pathology, targeted therapy, and drug resistance. ROS-mediated CRC adjuvant therapies encompass a myriad of mechanisms, including cell death and proliferation, survival and cell cycle, DNA damage, metabolic reprogramming, and angiogenesis. Preliminary clinical trials have begun to unveil the potential of ROS-manipulating therapy in enhancing CRC adjuvant therapies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of studies exploring the role of ROS in CRC adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Colorectal Cancer Center and Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengqiu Hao
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuyang Yang
- Colorectal Cancer Center and Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Colorectal Cancer Center and Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- Colorectal Cancer Center and Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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6
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Liu Q, Wang L, He D, Wu Y, Liu X, Yang Y, Chen Z, Dong Z, Luo Y, Song Y. Application Value of Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16718. [PMID: 38069041 PMCID: PMC10706433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is a common clinical malignant tumor disease that seriously endangers human health and lacks effective treatment methods. As part of the innate immune defense of many organisms, antimicrobial peptides not only have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity but also can specifically kill tumor cells. The positive charge of antimicrobial peptides under neutral conditions determines their high selectivity to tumor cells. In addition, antimicrobial peptides also have unique anticancer mechanisms, such as inducing apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, membrane destruction, and inhibition of metastasis, which highlights the low drug resistance and high specificity of antimicrobial peptides. In this review, we summarize the related studies on antimicrobial peptides in the treatment of digestive tract tumors, mainly oral cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. This paper describes the therapeutic advantages of antimicrobial peptides due to their unique anticancer mechanisms. The length, net charge, and secondary structure of antimicrobial peptides can be modified by design or modification to further enhance their anticancer effects. In summary, as an emerging cancer treatment drug, antimicrobial peptides need to be further studied to realize their application in gastrointestinal cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dongxia He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuewei Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xian Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yahan Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhizhi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhan Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Bakhsh T, Abuzahrah SS, Qahl SH, Akela MA, Rather IA. Sugiol Masters Apoptotic Precision to Halt Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1528. [PMID: 38004394 PMCID: PMC10675088 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugiol, a natural compound with anticancer properties, has shown promise in various cancer types, but its potential in preventing gastric cancer remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to examine the inhibitory effect of sugiol on human gastric cancer cell proliferation. Our findings demonstrate that sugiol effectively suppresses the proliferation of SNU-5 human gastric cancer cells, leading to apoptotic cell death. We assessed the chemo-preventive potential of sugiol via an MTT assay and confirmed the induction of oxidative stress using the H2DCFDA fluorescent dye. Treatment with sugiol at concentrations higher than 25 µM for 24 h resulted in an increase in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This elevation of ROS levels inhibited cell-cycle progression and induced cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Furthermore, our study revealed that sugiol reduces the viability and proliferation of SNU-5 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, ADME and toxicity analyses revealed that sugiol was effective and nontoxic at low doses. In parallel, we utilized the Swiss target prediction tool to identify potential targets for sugiol. Enzymes and nuclear receptors were identified as major targets. To gain insights into the molecular interactions, we performed structure-based molecular docking studies, focusing on the interaction between sugiol and STAT3. The docking results revealed strong binding interactions within the active site pocket of STAT3, with a binding affinity of -12.169 kcal/mole. Sugiol's -OH group, carbonyl group, and phenyl ring demonstrated hydrogen-bonding interactions with specific residues of the target protein, along with Vander Waals and hydrophobic interactions. These data suggest that sugiol has the potential to inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3, which is known to play a crucial role in promoting the growth and survival of cancer cells. Targeting the dysregulated STAT3 signaling pathway holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for various human tumors. In combination with interventions that regulate cell cycle progression and mitigate the DNA damage response, the efficacy of these therapeutic approaches can be further enhanced. The findings from our study highlight the antiproliferative and apoptotic potential of sugiol against human gastric cancer cells (SNU-5). Moreover, the result underpins that sugiol's interactions with STAT3 may contribute to its inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth and proliferation. Further research is warranted to explore the full potential of sugiol as a therapeutic agent and its potential application in treating gastric cancer and other malignancies characterized by dysregulated STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Sulaiman Abuzahrah
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safa H. Qahl
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Akela
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jedddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Dey DK, Gahlot H, Chang SN, Kang SC. CopA3 treatment suppressed multidrug resistivity in HCT-116 cell line by p53-induced degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Life Sci 2023; 329:121933. [PMID: 37451396 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The major reason for multidrug resistance is the failure of chemotherapy in many tumors, including colon cancer. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a crucial transcription factor that simulates multiple cellular response to hypoxia. HIF-1α has been known to play a vital role towards tumor resistance; however, its mechanism of action is still not fully elucidated. N this study, we found that HIF-1α remarkably modulated drug resistance-associated proteins upon CopA3 peptide treatment against colon cancer cells. Abnormal rates of tumor growth along with high metastatic potential lacks the susceptibility towards cellular signals is a key characteristic in many tumor types. Moreover, in growing tumors, cells are exposed to insufficient nutrient supply and low oxygen availability. These stress force them to switch into adaptable and aggressive phenotypes. Our study investigated the interaction of HIF-1α and MDR gene association upon CopA3 treatment in the tumor microenvironment. We demonstrate that the multidrug resistance gene is associated with tumor resistance to chemotherapeutics, which upon CopA3 treatment promotes p53 activation and proteasomal degradation of HIF-1α, effecting the angiogenesis response to hypoxia. p53 downregulation augments HIF-1-dependent transcriptional activation of VEGF in response to oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Kumar Dey
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Himanshi Gahlot
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkum Ngullie Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Praphasawat R, Thakaew S, Rawangkan A, Thongboontho R, Sooksaen P, Laovittayangkoon S, Klajing W, Jaengpromma P, Kunsorn P, Suwannalert P, Payuhakrit W. Anticancer and Antimutagenic Properties of Pogonatherum paniceum on Colorectal Cancer Cells. World J Oncol 2023; 14:266-276. [PMID: 37560340 PMCID: PMC10409559 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pogonatherum paniceum (P. paniceum) (Lam.) Hack. plays an important role in detoxification. However, its anticancer activity has not yet been elucidated. The aim of our study was to examine the suppressive proliferation, anti-migration and mutagenic/antimutagenic properties of P. paniceum. Moreover, we set out to determine the cellular mechanism underlying its antiproliferation. Methods To investigate P. paniceum's anticancer ability, HCT116 and HT29 cell lines were treated with a water extract containing P. paniceum, and then the cell viability was examined using the trypan blue exclusion method which were compared to HEK293 (non-cancerous cells). The anticancer effects were investigated by MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) and colony formation assay. Apoptosis induction, cell cycle distribution, and migration abilities were assessed by cell death detection enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and wound healing assay. Finally, the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity were evaluated using the micronucleus assay. Results Treatment with P. paniceum caused a loss of cell viability in HCT116 and HT29 cells (not found in HEK293), which had an IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of 1,156.2 and 1,207.0 µg/mL, respectively. We found that P. paniceum significantly inhibited the proliferative function of HCT116 and HT29 cells. To find the mechanism that exerts a suppressive proliferation effect on P. paniceum, we determined the DNA fragmentation and cell cycle distribution. We also found that P. paniceum treatment increased apoptosis and arrested of the cell cycle at G0/G1 remarkably when compared with the control group. Moreover, P. paniceum could decrease the migration of HCT116 and HT29 cancer cells. Finally, the treatment of P. paniceum did not induce micronucleus formation but did decrease the micronucleus frequency against mutagen-mitomycin C. Conclusions P. paniceum did not possess any toxicity (cytotoxic and mutagenic) but has the potential for anticancer activity against human colorectal cells by increasing apoptosis, which leads to the suppression of cell proliferation. P. paniceum also inhibits cell migration and exerts antimutagenicity, thereby suggesting that P. paniceum might be useful for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratsada Praphasawat
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Sinittra Thakaew
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Rawangkan
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Thongboontho
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Sooksaen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Sarunya Laovittayangkoon
- Expert Centre of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Techno Polis, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Warangkhana Klajing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Pongnared Jaengpromma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Paween Kunsorn
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Suwannalert
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Witchuda Payuhakrit
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rai R, Dey DK, Benbrook DM, Chandra V. Niclosamide causes lysosome-dependent cell death in endometrial cancer cells and tumors. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114422. [PMID: 36841028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common female cancer showing continuous rise in its incidence and mortality rate. Despite the extensive research efforts in cancer therapeutics, still there is a lack of effective treatment options and the outcome is poor for patients with advanced and recurrent endometrial cancers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of niclosamide (NIC) against endometrial cancer. NIC is an FDA-approved anti-helminthic drug, which has been recently extensively studied as a potent anti-cancerous agent in several cancers. The anti-cancerous activity of NIC was analyzed in-vitro (ANC3A, Hec1B, and Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell lines) by cell viability-, soft agar-, invasion- and migration- assay. The action mechanism of NIC was demonstrated by western blot analysis and immune-fluorescence imaging and validated by specific inhibitors. The in-vivo efficacy of NIC was studied in the Ishikawa xenograft animal model. NIC effectively suppressed the viability (IC50<1 μM), colony formation ability, migration, and invasion of all endometrial cancer cells tested. We demonstrated that NIC inhibited AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and induced apoptosis and autophagy in endometrial cancer cells. Further study demonstrated that although NIC induced autophagosome formation, it inhibits autolysosome formation. In addition, we observed that NIC induced BAX co-localization with lysosome and inhibited Cathepsin B maturation from pro-cathepsin B, thereby inducing the lysosomal membrane permeability and release of hydrolytic enzymes from the lysosome to cytosol, which eventually contributed cell death. NIC also inhibited tumor weight and volume in the Ishikawa xenograft animal model without having any evidence of toxicity. Due to its potent anti-cancerous activity and safety profile, NIC seems to be a promising agent for human endometrial cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Rai
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Debasish Kumar Dey
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Vishal Chandra
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA..
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11
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Dey DK, Sharma C, Vadlamudi Y, Kang SC. CopA3 peptide inhibits MDM2-p53 complex stability in colorectal cancers and activates p53 mediated cell death machinery. Life Sci 2023; 318:121476. [PMID: 36758667 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The diverse expression patterns of the tumor suppressor p53 in cancer cells reflect the regulatory efficiency of multiple cellular pathways. By contrast, many human tumors are reported to develop in the presence of wild-type p53. Recently, several oncogene inhibitors have been used clinically to suppress tumor development by functionally reactivating other oncoproteins. On the other hand, p53 reactivation therapies have not been well established, as few of the p53-MDM2 complex inhibitors such as Nutlin-3 induces mutation in p53 gene upon prolonged usage. Therefore, in this study CopA3, a 9-mer dimeric D-type peptide with anticancer activity against the human colorectal cancer cells, was used to explore the efficacy of p53 reactivation in-vitro and in-vivo. The anticancer activity of CopA3 was more selective towards the wild-type p53 expressing cells than the p53 deficient or mutant colorectal cancer cells. In response to this, this study investigated the signaling pathway in vitro and validated its anti-tumor activity in-vivo. The protein-peptide interaction and molecular docking efficiently provided insight into the specific binding affinity of CopA3 to the p53-binding pocket of the MDM2 protein, which efficiently blocked the p53 and MDM2 interaction. CopA3 plays a crucial role in the binding with MDM2 and enhanced the nuclear translocation of the p53 protein, which sequentially activated the downstream targets to trigger the autophagic mediated cell death machinery through the JNK/Beclin-1 mediated pathway. Collectively, CopA3 affected the MDM2-p53 interaction, which suppressed tumor development. This study may provide a novel inhibitor candidate for the MDM2-p53 complex, which could ultimately suppress the growth of colorectal cancer cells without being cytotoxic to the healthy neighboring cells present around the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Kumar Dey
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanchal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Yellamandayya Vadlamudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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12
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The Potential of Senescence as a Target for Developing Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043436. [PMID: 36834846 PMCID: PMC9961771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence occurs in response to various stimuli. Senescence has attracted attention because of its potential use in anticancer therapy as it plays a tumor-suppressive role. It also promotes tumorigeneses and therapeutic resistance. Since senescence can induce therapeutic resistance, targeting senescence may help to overcome therapeutic resistance. This review provides the mechanisms of senescence induction and the roles of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in various life processes, including therapeutic resistance and tumorigenesis. The SASP exerts pro-tumorigenic or antitumorigenic effects in a context-dependent manner. This review also discusses the roles of autophagy, histone deacetylases (HDACs), and microRNAs in senescence. Many reports have suggested that targeting HDACs or miRNAs could induce senescence, which, in turn, could enhance the effects of current anticancer drugs. This review presents the view that senescence induction is a powerful method of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation.
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13
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Chang SN, Park JG, Kang SC. Therapeutic propensity of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg3 in rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury and renohepatic crosstalk in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109602. [PMID: 36580761 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used for thousands of years in Southeast Asian countries because of its medicinal properties. Ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg3 have demonstrated therapeutic properties against a broad spectrum of diseases. PURPOSE Here in this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of Rg1 and Rg3 in alleviating glycerol-induced acute kidney injury, also known as rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (RAKI). METHODS AKI was induced in male Wistar rats through intramuscular injection of 10 mL/kg glycerol and simultaneous oral treatment of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg3 for 3 days. We also evaluated the therapeutic potential of Rg1 and Rg3 on human embryonic kidney epithelial (HEK-293). Cell viability and LDH assay were performed on HEK-293 cells to evaluate the toxicity of Rg1 and Rg3. Evaluation of important kidney damage markers such as creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was carried out at different time points from the rat serum. Histopathological analysis was performed on kidney tissues. We also performed experiments such as ELISA assay, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, COMET assay, western blotting, TUNEL assay, and flow cytometry to obtain results. RESULTS Rg1 and Rg3 significantly downregulated the expression of kidney damage markers such as creatinine and BUN in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological analysis revealed damage across the glomerulus, tubules, and collecting duct rendering the kidney dysfunctional in glycerol treatment groups. However, Rg1 and Rg3 treated groups showed a significant reduction in tubular necrosis at both 10 and 20 mg/kg. There was also a sharp downregulation of oxidative and ER stress markers. Additionally, we observed nuclear translocation of Nrf2 which were more prominent in kidney tissues. Rg1 and Rg3 were also able to mitigate apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo evaluated through immunofluorescence staining for p53, TUNEL assay, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting for intrinsic apoptosis markers. CONCLUSION In summary, we conclude that Rg1 and Rg3 exhibited natural therapeutic remedy against AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukkum Ngullie Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Gyu Park
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center (ABCC), Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang 37668, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury and concomitant apoptosis induction via ROS-mediated ER stress is efficaciously counteracted by epigallocatechin gallate. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109134. [PMID: 36028100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis induced acute kidney injury (RIAKI) is a life-threatening condition responsible for approximately 19-58% of AKI cases worldwide. We performed an intramuscular injection of glycerol (10 mL/kg) in male wistar rats to induce AKI. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was administered for 3 consecutive days to evaluate its protective effects. We observed significant downregulation in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and LDH at different time points on EGCG treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, H&E staining also revealed that EGCG was able to reduce the formation of damaged tubules and tubular necrosis which was prominently spread throughout the kidney tissue of glycerol treatment group. Concomitantly, we observed upregulated inflammation, ER stress and elevated oxidative stress in the glycerol treated group only, which was significantly normalized upon EGCG treatment in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The occurrence of apoptosis in kidney tubules was found to be relatively higher in glycerol treated group and H2O2 treated HEK-293 cells. The results obtained after EGCG treatment revealed a significant decrease in apoptotic cell population, which was further validated by immunofluorescence staining against p53 and comet assay in HEK-293 cells and p53 IHC in kidney tissues. Western blotting also revealed a systemic downregulation of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway markers such as bax, bcl-2, pro and cleaved caspase 3, caspase 9 and PARP1. Additionally, the results for flow cytometry analysis and TUNEL assay corroborated apoptotic equilibrium. Conclusively, we reckon EGCG as a multi-therapeutic natural product that can be used the for treatment of AKI.
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15
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Piskorz WM, Cechowska-Pasko M. Senescence of Tumor Cells in Anticancer Therapy—Beneficial and Detrimental Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911082. [PMID: 36232388 PMCID: PMC9570404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence process results in stable cell cycle arrest, which prevents cell proliferation. It can be induced by a variety of stimuli including metabolic stress, DNA damage, telomeres shortening, and oncogenes activation. Senescence is generally considered as a process of tumor suppression, both by preventing cancer cells proliferation and inhibiting cancer progression. It can also be a key effector mechanism for many types of anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, both directly and through bioactive molecules released by senescent cells that can stimulate an immune response. Senescence is characterized by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that can have both beneficial and detrimental impact on cancer progression. Despite the negatives, attempts are still being made to use senescence to fight cancer, especially when it comes to senolytics. There is a possibility that a combination of prosenescence therapy—which targets tumor cells and causes their senescence—with senotherapy—which targets senescent cells, can be promising in cancer treatment. This review provides information on cellular senescence, its connection with carcinogenesis and therapeutic possibilities linked to this process.
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16
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Tsuru A, Yoshie M, Kojima J, Yonekawa R, Azumi M, Kusama K, Nishi H, Tamura K. PGRMC1 Regulates Cellular Senescence via Modulating FOXO1 Expression in Decidualizing Endometrial Stromal Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081046. [PMID: 36008941 PMCID: PMC9405960 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate differentiation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) into decidual cells is required for embryo implantation and subsequent placentation into humans. Decidualization is accompanied by the appearance of senescent-like cells. We recently reported the secretory phase-specific downregulation of endometrial progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) and enhanced decidualization upon PGRMC1 knockdown and inhibition in cultured ESCs. However, it remains unknown whether PGRMC1 is involved in cellular senescence during decidualization. Here, we showed that the small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of PGRMC1 and the inhibition of PGRMC1 by AG-205 increased the expression of the transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in cAMP analog- and progesterone-treated ESCs. Furthermore, the knockdown of FOXO1 repressed the decidual senescence induced by siRNA-based PGRMC1 knockdown or AG-205 treatment. Taken together, the decreased PGRMC1 expression in ESCs may accelerate decidualization and cellular senescence via the upregulation of FOXO1 expression for appropriate endometrial remodeling and embryo implantation during the secretory phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuya Tsuru
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (A.T.); (R.Y.); (M.A.); (K.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Mikihiro Yoshie
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (A.T.); (R.Y.); (M.A.); (K.K.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-676-4536
| | - Junya Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (J.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Ryo Yonekawa
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (A.T.); (R.Y.); (M.A.); (K.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Mana Azumi
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (A.T.); (R.Y.); (M.A.); (K.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (A.T.); (R.Y.); (M.A.); (K.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Hirotaka Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (J.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Kazuhiro Tamura
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (A.T.); (R.Y.); (M.A.); (K.K.); (K.T.)
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17
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Muralikrishnan V, Fang F, Given TC, Podicheti R, Chtcherbinine M, Metcalfe TX, Sriramkumar S, O’Hagan HM, Hurley TD, Nephew KP. A Novel ALDH1A1 Inhibitor Blocks Platinum-Induced Senescence and Stemness in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3437. [PMID: 35884498 PMCID: PMC9318275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a deadly disease attributed to late-stage detection as well as recurrence and the development of chemoresistance. Ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) are hypothesized to be largely responsible for the emergence of chemoresistant tumors. Although chemotherapy may initially succeed at decreasing the size and number of tumors, it leaves behind residual malignant OCSCs. In this study, we demonstrate that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is essential for the survival of OCSCs. We identified a first-in-class ALDH1A1 inhibitor, compound 974, and used 974 as a tool to decipher the mechanism of stemness regulation by ALDH1A1. The treatment of OCSCs with 974 significantly inhibited ALDH activity, the expression of stemness genes, and spheroid and colony formation. An in vivo limiting dilution assay demonstrated that 974 significantly inhibited CSC frequency. A transcriptomic sequencing of cells treated with 974 revealed a significant downregulation of genes related to stemness and chemoresistance as well as senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We confirmed that 974 inhibited the senescence and stemness induced by platinum-based chemotherapy in functional assays. Overall, these data establish that ALDH1A1 is essential for OCSC survival and that ALDH1A1 inhibition suppresses chemotherapy-induced senescence and stemness. Targeting ALDH1A1 using small-molecule inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy therefore presents a promising strategy to prevent ovarian cancer recurrence and has the potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Muralikrishnan
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Medical Sciences Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (V.M.); (T.C.G.); (T.X.M.); (S.S.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Tyler C. Given
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Medical Sciences Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (V.M.); (T.C.G.); (T.X.M.); (S.S.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Ram Podicheti
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Mikhail Chtcherbinine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Tara X. Metcalfe
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Medical Sciences Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (V.M.); (T.C.G.); (T.X.M.); (S.S.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Shruthi Sriramkumar
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Medical Sciences Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (V.M.); (T.C.G.); (T.X.M.); (S.S.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Heather M. O’Hagan
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Medical Sciences Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (V.M.); (T.C.G.); (T.X.M.); (S.S.); (H.M.O.)
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Thomas D. Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Kenneth P. Nephew
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Medical Sciences Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (V.M.); (T.C.G.); (T.X.M.); (S.S.); (H.M.O.)
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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