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Al-Rahahleh RQ, Sobol RW. Poly-ADP-ribosylation dynamics, signaling, and analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024. [PMID: 39221603 DOI: 10.1002/em.22623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational modification that plays a role as a signaling mechanism in various cellular processes. This modification is characterized by its structural diversity, highly dynamic nature, and short half-life. Hence, it is tightly regulated at many levels by cellular factors that fine-tune its formation, downstream signaling, and degradation that together impacts cellular outcomes. Poly-ADP-ribosylation is an essential signaling mechanism in the DNA damage response that mediates the recruitment of DNA repair factors to sites of DNA damage via their poly-ADP-ribose (PAR)-binding domains (PBDs). PAR readers, encoding PBDs, convey the PAR signal to mediate cellular outcomes that in some cases can be dictated by PAR structural diversity. Several PBD families have been identified, each with variable PAR-binding affinity and specificity, that also recognize and bind to distinct parts of the PAR chain. PARylation signaling has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of specific cancer types, as the inhibition of PAR formation or degradation can selectively eliminate cancer cells with specific DNA repair defects and can enhance radiation or chemotherapy response. In this review, we summarize the key players of poly-ADP-ribosylation and its regulation and highlight PBDs as tools for studying PARylation dynamics and the expanding potential to target PARylation signaling in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Q Al-Rahahleh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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2
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Al-Rahahleh RQ, Saville KM, Andrews JF, Wu Z, Koczor CA, Sobol RW. Overexpression of the WWE domain of RNF146 modulates poly-(ADP)-ribose dynamics at sites of DNA damage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.29.573650. [PMID: 38234836 PMCID: PMC10793466 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.29.573650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Protein poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a post-translational modification formed by transfer of successive units of ADP-ribose to target proteins to form poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) chains. PAR plays a critical role in the DNA damage response (DDR) by acting as a signaling platform to promote the recruitment of DNA repair factors to the sites of DNA damage that bind via their PAR-binding domains (PBDs). Several classes of PBD families have been recognized, which identify distinct parts of the PAR chain. Proteins encoding PBDs play an essential role in conveying the PAR-mediated signal through their interaction with PAR chains, which mediates many cellular functions, including the DDR. The WWE domain identifies the iso-ADP-ribose moiety of the PAR chain. We recently described the WWE domain of RNF146 as a robust genetically encoded probe, when fused to EGFP, for detection of PAR in live cells. Here, we evaluated other PBD candidates as molecular PAR probes in live cells, including several other WWE domains and an engineered macrodomain. In addition, we demonstrate unique PAR dynamics when tracked by different PAR binding domains, a finding that that can be exploited for modulation of the PAR-dependent DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Q. Al-Rahahleh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Kate M. Saville
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Joel F. Andrews
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Zhijin Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Christopher A. Koczor
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Robert W. Sobol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
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3
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Pascal JM. PARP-nucleic acid interactions: Allosteric signaling, PARP inhibitor types, DNA bridges, and viral RNA surveillance. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 81:102643. [PMID: 37352603 PMCID: PMC10801860 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
PARP enzymes create ADP-ribose modifications to regulate multiple facets of human biology, and some prominent PARP family members are best known for the nucleic acid interactions that regulate their activities and functions. Recent structural studies have highlighted PARP interactions with nucleic acids, in particular for PARP enzymes that detect and respond to DNA strand break damage. These studies build on our understanding of how DNA break detection is linked to the catalysis of ADP-ribose modifications, provide insights into distinct modes of DNA interaction, and shed light on the mechanisms of PARP inhibitor action. PARP enzymes have several connections to RNA biology, including the detection of the genomes of RNA viruses, and recent structural work has highlighted how PARP13/ZAP specifically targets viral genomes enriched in CG dinucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Pascal
- Université de Montréal, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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4
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PARP-1 Is a Potential Marker of Retinal Photooxidation and a Key Signal Regulator in Retinal Light Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6881322. [PMID: 36124087 PMCID: PMC9482536 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6881322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in technology have resulted in increasing concerns over the safety of eye exposure to light illumination, since prolonged exposure to intensive visible light, especially to short-wavelength light in the visible spectrum, can cause photochemical damage to the retina through a photooxidation-triggered cascade reaction. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the ribozyme responsible for repairing DNA damage. When damage to DNA occurs, including nicks and breaks, PARP-1 is rapidly activated, synthesizing a large amount of PAR and recruiting other nuclear factors to repair the damaged DNA. However, retinal photochemical damage may lead to the overactivation of PARP-1, triggering PARP-dependent cell death, including parthanatos, necroptosis, and autophagy. In this review, we retrieved targeted articles with the keywords such as “PARP-1,” “photoreceptor,” “retinal light damage,” and “photooxidation” from databases and summarized the molecular mechanisms involved in retinal photooxidation, PARP activation, and DNA repair to clarify the key regulatory role of PARP-1 in retinal light injury and to determine whether PARP-1 may be a potential marker in response to retinal photooxidation. The highly sensitive detection of PARP-1 activity may facilitate early evaluation of the effects of light on the retina, which will provide an evidentiary basis for the future assessment of the safety of light illumination from optoelectronic products and medical devices.
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Mashimo M, Kita M, Nobeyama A, Nomura A, Fujii T. PARP1 is activated by membrane damage and is involved in membrane repair through poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation. Genes Cells 2022; 27:305-312. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Mashimo
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts Kyotanabe Kyoto Japan
| | - Momoko Kita
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts Kyotanabe Kyoto Japan
| | - Akari Nobeyama
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts Kyotanabe Kyoto Japan
| | - Atsuo Nomura
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts Kyotanabe Kyoto Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts Kyotanabe Kyoto Japan
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6
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Unconventional metabolites in chromatin regulation. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230604. [PMID: 34988581 PMCID: PMC8777195 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin, the complex of DNA and histone proteins, serves as a main integrator of cellular signals. Increasing evidence links cellular functional to chromatin state. Indeed, different metabolites are emerging as modulators of chromatin function and structure. Alterations in chromatin state are decisive for regulating all aspects of genome function and ultimately have the potential to produce phenotypic changes. Several metabolites such as acetyl-CoA, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) have now been well characterized as main substrates or cofactors of chromatin-modifying enzymes. However, there are other metabolites that can directly interact with chromatin influencing its state or that modulate the properties of chromatin regulatory factors. Also, there is a growing list of atypical enzymatic and nonenzymatic chromatin modifications that originate from different cellular pathways that have not been in the limelight of chromatin research. Here, we summarize different properties and functions of uncommon regulatory molecules originating from intermediate metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids. Based on the various modes of action on chromatin and the plethora of putative, so far not described chromatin-regulating metabolites, we propose that there are more links between cellular functional state and chromatin regulation to be discovered. We hypothesize that these connections could provide interesting starting points for interfering with cellular epigenetic states at a molecular level.
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Rudolph J, Muthurajan UM, Palacio M, Mahadevan J, Roberts G, Erbse AH, Dyer PN, Luger K. The BRCT domain of PARP1 binds intact DNA and mediates intrastrand transfer. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4994-5006.e5. [PMID: 34919819 PMCID: PMC8769213 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PARP1 is a key player in the response to DNA damage and is the target of clinical inhibitors for the treatment of cancers. Binding of PARP1 to damaged DNA leads to activation wherein PARP1 uses NAD+ to add chains of poly(ADP-ribose) onto itself and other nuclear proteins. PARP1 also binds abundantly to intact DNA and chromatin, where it remains enzymatically inactive. We show that intact DNA makes contacts with the PARP1 BRCT domain, which was not previously recognized as a DNA-binding domain. This binding mode does not result in the concomitant reorganization and activation of the catalytic domain. We visualize the BRCT domain bound to nucleosomal DNA by cryogenic electron microscopy and identify a key motif conserved from ancestral BRCT domains for binding phosphates on DNA and phospho-peptides. Finally, we demonstrate that the DNA-binding properties of the BRCT domain contribute to the "monkey-bar mechanism" that mediates DNA transfer of PARP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Uma M Muthurajan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Megan Palacio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jyothi Mahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Genevieve Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Annette H Erbse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Pamela N Dyer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Karolin Luger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Integrated, Integral, and Exploratory Biomarkers in the Development of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors. Cancer J 2021; 27:482-490. [PMID: 34904811 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this article, we highlight biomarkers for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) sensitivity and resistance and discuss their implications for the clinic. We review the predictive role of a range of DNA repair genes, genomic scars, mutational signatures, and functional assays available or in development. The biomarkers used for patient selection in the specific Food and Drug Administration-approved indications for breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer vary across tumor type and likely depend on disease-specific DNA repair deficiencies but also the specifics of the individual clinical trials that were conducted. Mutations in genes involved in homologous recombination and/or replication fork protection are synthetic lethal with PARPi. Cancers with homologous recombination deficiency exhibit high genomic instability, characterized by genome-wide loss of heterozygosity, among other genomic aberrations. Next-generation sequencing can identify multiple patterns of genomic changes including copy number variations, single-nucleotide variations, insertions/deletions, and structural variations rearrangements characteristic of homologous recombination deficiency. Clinical trial evidence supports the use of BRCA mutation testing for patient selection, and for ovarian cancer, there are 3 commercial assays available that additionally incorporate genomic instability for identifying subgroups of patients that derive different magnitudes of benefit from PARPi therapy. Finally, we summarize new strategies for extending the benefit of PARPi therapy toward broader populations of patients through the use of novel biomarkers. Ultimately, design of a composite biomarker test combining multiple mutational signatures or development of a dynamic assay for functional assessments of homologous recombination may help improve the test accuracy for future patient stratification.
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Voth K, Pasricha S, Chung IYW, Wibawa RR, Zainudin ENHE, Hartland EL, Cygler M. Structural and Functional Characterization of Legionella pneumophila Effector MavL. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121802. [PMID: 34944446 PMCID: PMC8699189 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that causes Legionnaires’ disease in elderly or immunocompromised individuals. This bacterium relies on the Dot/Icm (Defective in organelle trafficking/Intracellular multiplication) Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) and a large (>330) set of effector proteins to colonize the host cell. The structural variability of these effectors allows them to disrupt many host processes. Herein, we report the crystal structure of MavL to 2.65 Å resolution. MavL adopts an ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) fold and contains the distinctive ligand-binding cleft of ART proteins. Indeed, MavL binds ADP-ribose with Kd of 13 µM. Structural overlay of MavL with poly-(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolases (PARGs) revealed a pair of aspartate residues in MavL that align with the catalytic glutamates in PARGs. MavL also aligns with ADP-ribose “reader” proteins (proteins that recognize ADP-ribose). Since no glycohydrolase activity was observed when incubated in the presence of ADP-ribosylated PARP1, MavL may play a role as a signaling protein that binds ADP-ribose. An interaction between MavL and the mammalian ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2Q1 was revealed by yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. This work provides structural and molecular insights to guide biochemical studies aimed at elucidating the function of MavL. Our findings support the notion that ubiquitination and ADP-ribosylation are global modifications exploited by L. pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Voth
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (K.V.); (I.Y.W.C.)
| | - Shivani Pasricha
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.P.); (R.R.W.)
| | - Ivy Yeuk Wah Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (K.V.); (I.Y.W.C.)
| | - Rachelia R. Wibawa
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.P.); (R.R.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
| | - Engku Nuraishah Huda E. Zainudin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
| | - Elizabeth L. Hartland
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.P.); (R.R.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.L.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Miroslaw Cygler
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (K.V.); (I.Y.W.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.L.H.); (M.C.)
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Kliza KW, Liu Q, Roosenboom LWM, Jansen PWTC, Filippov DV, Vermeulen M. Reading ADP-ribosylation signaling using chemical biology and interaction proteomics. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4552-4567.e8. [PMID: 34551281 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribose (ADPr) readers are essential components of ADP-ribosylation signaling, which regulates genome maintenance and immunity. The identification and discrimination between monoADPr (MAR) and polyADPr (PAR) readers is difficult because of a lack of suitable affinity-enrichment reagents. We synthesized well-defined ADPr probes and used these for affinity purifications combined with relative and absolute quantitative mass spectrometry to generate proteome-wide MAR and PAR interactomes, including determination of apparent binding affinities. Among the main findings, MAR and PAR readers regulate various common and distinct processes, such as the DNA-damage response, cellular metabolism, RNA trafficking, and transcription. We monitored the dynamics of PAR interactions upon induction of oxidative DNA damage and uncovered the mechanistic connections between ubiquitin signaling and ADP-ribosylation. Taken together, chemical biology enables exploration of MAR and PAR readers using interaction proteomics. Furthermore, the generated MAR and PAR interaction maps significantly expand our current understanding of ADPr signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna W Kliza
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura W M Roosenboom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal W T C Jansen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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11
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PARPs in lipid metabolism and related diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 84:101117. [PMID: 34450194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PARPs and tankyrases (TNKS) represent a family of 17 proteins. PARPs and tankyrases were originally identified as DNA repair factors, nevertheless, recent advances have shed light on their role in lipid metabolism. To date, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrases, PARP9, PARP10, PARP14 were reported to have multi-pronged connections to lipid metabolism. The activity of PARP enzymes is fine-tuned by a set of cholesterol-based compounds as oxidized cholesterol derivatives, steroid hormones or bile acids. In turn, PARPs modulate several key processes of lipid homeostasis (lipotoxicity, fatty acid and steroid biosynthesis, lipoprotein homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, etc.). PARPs are also cofactors of lipid-responsive nuclear receptors and transcription factors through which PARPs regulate lipid metabolism and lipid homeostasis. PARP activation often represents a disruptive signal to (lipid) metabolism, and PARP-dependent changes to lipid metabolism have pathophysiological role in the development of hyperlipidemia, obesity, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type II diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular aging and skin pathologies, just to name a few. In this synopsis we will review the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of pharmacological PARP inhibitors in these diseases/pathologies and propose repurposing PARP inhibitors already available for the treatment of various malignancies.
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12
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Kasson S, Dharmapriya N, Kim IK. Selective monitoring of the protein-free ADP-ribose released by ADP-ribosylation reversal enzymes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254022. [PMID: 34191856 PMCID: PMC8244878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a key post-translational modification that regulates a wide variety of cellular stress responses. The ADP-ribosylation cycle is maintained by writers and erasers. For example, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation cycles consist of two predominant enzymes, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). However, historically, mechanisms of erasers of ADP-ribosylations have been understudied, primarily due to the lack of quantitative tools to selectively monitor specific activities of different ADP-ribosylation reversal enzymes. Here, we developed a new NUDT5-coupled AMP-Glo (NCAG) assay to specifically monitor the protein-free ADP-ribose released by ADP-ribosylation reversal enzymes. We found that NUDT5 selectively cleaves protein-free ADP-ribose, but not protein-bound poly- and mono-ADP-ribosylations, protein-free poly(ADP-ribose) chains, or NAD+. As a proof-of-concept, we successfully measured the kinetic parameters for the exo-glycohydrolase activity of PARG, which releases monomeric ADP-ribose, and monitored activities of site-specific mono-ADP-ribosyl-acceptor hydrolases, such as ARH3 and TARG1. This NCAG assay can be used as a general platform to study the mechanisms of diverse ADP-ribosylation reversal enzymes that release protein-free ADP-ribose as a product. Furthermore, this assay provides a useful tool to identify small-molecule probes targeting ADP-ribosylation metabolism and to quantify ADP-ribose concentrations in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kasson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Nuwani Dharmapriya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - In-Kwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Maluchenko NV, Koshkina DO, Feofanov AV, Studitsky VM, Kirpichnikov MP. Poly(ADP-Ribosyl) Code Functions. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:58-69. [PMID: 34377556 PMCID: PMC8327145 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation plays a key role in cellular metabolism. Covalent poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation affects the activity of the proteins engaged in DNA repair, chromatin structure regulation, gene expression, RNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, and protein translation. Non-covalent PAR-dependent interactions are involved in the various types of cellular response to stress and viral infection, such as inflammation, hormonal signaling, and the immune response. The review discusses how structurally different poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) molecules composed of identical monomers can differentially participate in various cellular processes acting as the so-called "PAR code." The article describes the ability of PAR polymers to form functional biomolecular clusters through a phase-separation in response to various signals. This phase-separation contributes to rapid spatial segregation of biochemical processes and effective recruitment of the necessary components. The cellular PAR level is tightly controlled by a network of regulatory proteins: PAR code writers, readers, and erasers. Impaired PAR metabolism is associated with the development of pathological processes causing oncological, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological correction of the PAR level may represent a new approach to the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Maluchenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234 Russia
| | - D. O. Koshkina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234 Russia
| | - A. V. Feofanov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234 Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - V. M. Studitsky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234 Russia
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111-2497 USA
| | - M. P. Kirpichnikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234 Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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14
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Rudolph J, Roberts G, Muthurajan UM, Luger K. HPF1 and nucleosomes mediate a dramatic switch in activity of PARP1 from polymerase to hydrolase. eLife 2021; 10:65773. [PMID: 33683197 PMCID: PMC8012059 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is an important player in the response to DNA damage. Recently, Histone PARylation Factor (HPF1) was shown to be a critical modulator of the activity of PARP1 by facilitating PARylation of histones and redirecting the target amino acid specificity from acidic to serine residues. Here, we investigate the mechanism and specific consequences of HPF1-mediated PARylation using nucleosomes as both activators and substrates for PARP1. HPF1 provides that catalytic base Glu284 to substantially redirect PARylation by PARP1 such that the histones in nucleosomes become the primary recipients of PAR chains. Surprisingly, HPF1 partitions most of the reaction product to free ADP-ribose (ADPR), resulting in much shorter PAR chains compared to reactions in the absence of HPF1. This HPF1-mediated switch from polymerase to hydrolase has important implications for the PARP1-mediated response to DNA damage and raises interesting new questions about the role of intracellular ADPR and depletion of NAD+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Genevieve Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Uma M Muthurajan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Karolin Luger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
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15
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Curtin N, Bányai K, Thaventhiran J, Le Quesne J, Helyes Z, Bai P. Repositioning PARP inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 infection(COVID-19); a new multi-pronged therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3635-3645. [PMID: 32441764 PMCID: PMC7280733 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically approved PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have a mild adverse effect profile and are well tolerated as continuous daily oral therapy. We review the evidence that justifies the repurposing of PARPi to block the proliferation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and combat the life-threatening sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by several mechanisms. PARPi can effectively decrease IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-α levels (key interleukins in SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm) and can alleviate subsequent lung fibrosis, as demonstrated in murine experiments and clinical trials. PARPi can tune macrophages towards a tolerogenic phenotype. PARPi may also counteract SARS-CoV-2-induced and inflammation-induced cell death and support cell survival. PARPi is effective in animal models of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma and ventilator-induced lung injury. PARPi may potentiate the effectiveness of tocilizumab, anakinra, sarilumab, adalimumab, canakinumab or siltuximab therapy. The evidence suggests that PARPi would benefit COVID-19 patients and trials should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Curtin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical ResearchCentre for Agricultural ResearchBudapestHungary
| | | | - John Le Quesne
- MRC Toxicology UnitUniversity of CambridgeLeicesterUK
- Leicester Cancer Research CentreUniversity of Leicester, Leicester Royal InfirmaryLeicesterUK
- Glenfield HospitalUniversity Hospitals Leicester NHS TrustLeicesterUK
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School; Centre for Neuroscience and János Szentágothai Research CentreUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
- MTA‐DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular MetabolismDebrecenHungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
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16
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Krüger A, Bürkle A, Hauser K, Mangerich A. Real-time monitoring of PARP1-dependent PARylation by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2174. [PMID: 32358582 PMCID: PMC7195430 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a fully reversible post-translational modification with key roles in cellular physiology. Due to the multi-domain structure of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) and the highly dynamic nature of the PARylation reaction, studies on the biochemical mechanism and structural dynamics remain challenging. Here, we report label-free, time-resolved monitoring of PARP1-dependent PARylation using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. This includes PARP1 activation by binding to DNA strand break models, NAD+ substrate binding, PAR formation, and dissociation of automodified PARP1 from DNA. Analyses of PARP1 activation at different DNA models demonstrate a strong positive correlation of PARylation and PARP1 dissociation, with the strongest effects observed for DNA nicks and 3’ phosphorylated ends. Moreover, by examining dynamic structural changes of PARP1, we reveal changes in the secondary structure of PARP1 induced by NAD+ and PARP inhibitor binding. In summary, this approach enables holistic and dynamic insights into PARP1-dependent PARylation with molecular and temporal resolution. The mechanism of PARP1-dependent poly-ADP-ribosylation in response to DNA damage is still under debate. Here, the authors use ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to provide time-resolved insights into the molecular details of this process under near physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Krüger
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
| | - Karin Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany.
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany.
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17
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The role of ADP-ribose metabolism in metabolic regulation, adipose tissue differentiation, and metabolism. Genes Dev 2020; 34:321-340. [PMID: 32029456 PMCID: PMC7050491 DOI: 10.1101/gad.334284.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Szanto et al. summarize the metabolic regulatory roles of PARP enzymes and their associated pathologies. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs or ARTDs), originally described as DNA repair factors, have metabolic regulatory roles. PARP1, PARP2, PARP7, PARP10, and PARP14 regulate central and peripheral carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and often channel pathological disruptive metabolic signals. PARP1 and PARP2 are crucial for adipocyte differentiation, including the commitment toward white, brown, or beige adipose tissue lineages, as well as the regulation of lipid accumulation. Through regulating adipocyte function and organismal energy balance, PARPs play a role in obesity and the consequences of obesity. These findings can be translated into humans, as evidenced by studies on identical twins and SNPs affecting PARP activity.
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18
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Hoch NC, Polo LM. ADP-ribosylation: from molecular mechanisms to human disease. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 43:e20190075. [PMID: 31930280 PMCID: PMC7198025 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins by ADP-ribosylation, catalysed by
poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) using NAD+ as a substrate,
plays central roles in DNA damage signalling and repair, modulates a range of
cellular signalling cascades and initiates programmed cell death by parthanatos.
Here, we present mechanistic aspects of ADP-ribose modification, PARP activation
and the cellular functions of ADP-ribose signalling, and discuss how this
knowledge is uncovering therapeutic avenues for the treatment of increasingly
prevalent human diseases such as cancer, ischaemic damage and
neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C Hoch
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis M Polo
- Cancer Research UK DNA Repair Enzymes Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK.,Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza - CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
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19
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Asatryan AL, Matinyan KS, Artsruni IG, Gevorgyan ES, Antonyan AP, Vardevanyan PO. Transient decondensation of chromatin in liver nuclei of rats treated with tannic acid. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:3743-3749. [PMID: 31524078 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1664332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anush L Asatryan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Karine S Matinyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Irina G Artsruni
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Emil S Gevorgyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ara P Antonyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Poghos O Vardevanyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
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20
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Grimaldi G, Catara G, Palazzo L, Corteggio A, Valente C, Corda D. PARPs and PAR as novel pharmacological targets for the treatment of stress granule-associated disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:64-75. [PMID: 31102582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among the post-translational modifications, ADP-ribosylation has been for long time the least integrated in the scheme of the structural protein modifications affecting physiological functions. In spite of the original findings on bacterial-dependent ADP-ribosylation catalysed by toxins such as cholera and pertussis toxin, only with the discovery of the poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase (PARP) family the field has finally expanded and the role of ADP-ribosylation has been recognised in both physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. This is now a rapidly expanding field of investigation, centred on the role of the different PARPs and their substrates in various diseases, and on the potential of PARP inhibitors as novel pharmacological tools to be employed in relevant pathological context. In this review we analyse the role that members of the PARP family and poly-ADP-ribose (PAR; the product of PARP1 and PARP5a activity) play in the processes following the exposure of cells to different stresses. The cell response that arises following conditions such as heat, osmotic, oxidative stresses or viral infection relies on the formation of stress granules, which are transient cytoplasmic membrane-less structures, that include untranslated mRNA, specific proteins and PAR, this last one serving as the "collector" of all components (that bind to it in a non-covalent manner). The resulting phenotypes are cells in which translation, intracellular transport or pro-apoptotic pathways are reversibly inhibited, for the time the given stress holds. Interestingly, the formation of defective stress granules has been detected in diverse pathological conditions including neurological disorders and cancer. Analysing the molecular details of stress granule formation under these conditions offers a novel view on the pathogenesis of these diseases and, as a consequence, the possibility of identifying novel drug targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luca Palazzo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy.
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21
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Mannam MR, Devineni SR, Pavuluri CM, Chamarthi NR, Kottapalli RSP. Urea and thiourea derivatives of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity and docking studies. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2019.1577845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhava Rao Mannam
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Subba Rao Devineni
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Naga Raju Chamarthi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
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22
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Hopkins TA, Ainsworth WB, Ellis PA, Donawho CK, DiGiammarino EL, Panchal SC, Abraham VC, Algire MA, Shi Y, Olson AM, Johnson EF, Wilsbacher JL, Maag D. PARP1 Trapping by PARP Inhibitors Drives Cytotoxicity in Both Cancer Cells and Healthy Bone Marrow. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:409-419. [PMID: 30429212 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have recently been approved as monotherapies for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer and metastatic BRCA-associated breast cancer, and ongoing studies are exploring additional indications and combinations with other agents. PARP inhibitors trap PARP onto damaged chromatin when combined with temozolomide and methyl methanesulfonate, but the clinical relevance of these findings remains unknown. PARP trapping has thus far been undetectable in cancer cells treated with PARP inhibitors alone. Here, we evaluate the contribution of PARP trapping to the tolerability and efficacy of PARP inhibitors in the monotherapy setting. We developed a novel implementation of the proximity ligation assay to detect chromatin-trapped PARP1 at single-cell resolution with higher sensitivity and throughput than previously reported methods. We further demonstrate that the PARP inhibitor-induced trapping appears to drive single-agent cytotoxicity in healthy human bone marrow, indicating that the toxicity of trapped PARP complexes is not restricted to cancer cells with homologous recombination deficiency. Finally, we show that PARP inhibitors with dramatically different trapping potencies exhibit comparable tumor growth inhibition at MTDs in a xenograft model of BRCA1-mutant triple-negative breast cancer. These results are consistent with emerging clinical data and suggest that the inverse relationship between trapping potency and tolerability may limit the potential therapeutic advantage of potent trapping activity. IMPLICATIONS: PARP trapping contributes to single-agent cytotoxicity of PARP inhibitors in both cancer cells and healthy bone marrow, and the therapeutic advantage of potent trapping activity appears to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Shi
- AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
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23
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Bu X, Kato J, Moss J. Emerging roles of ADP-ribosyl-acceptor hydrolases (ARHs) in tumorigenesis and cell death pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 167:44-49. [PMID: 30267646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Malignant transformation may occur in the background of post-translational modification, such as ADP-ribosylation, phosphorylation and acetylation. Recent genomic analysis of ADP-ribosylation led to the discovery of more than twenty ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), which catalyze either mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation. ARTs catalyze the attachment of ADP-ribose to acceptor molecules. The ADP-ribose-acceptor bond can then be cleaved by a family of hydrolases in a substrate-specific manner, which is dependent on the acceptor and its functional group, e.g., arginine (guanidino), serine (hydroxyl), aspartate (carboxyl). These hydrolases vary in structure and function, and include poly-ADP-ribose glycohydrolase (PARG), MacroD1, MacroD2, terminal ADP-ribose protein glycohydrolase 1 (TARG1) and ADP-ribosyl-acceptor hydrolases (ARHs). In murine models, PARG deficiency increased susceptibility to alkylating agents-induced carcinogenesis. Similarly, by cleaving mono-ADP-ribosylated arginine on target proteins, ARH1 appears to inhibit tumor formation, suggesting that ARH1 is a tumor-suppressor gene. Although ARH3 is similar to ARH1 in amino acid sequence and crystal structure, ARH3 does not cleave ADP-ribose-arginine, rather it degrades in an exocidic manner, the PAR polymer and cleaves O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (OAADPr) and the ADP-ribose-serine linkage in acceptor proteins. Under conditions of oxidative stress, ARH3-deficient cells showed increased cytosolic PAR accumulation and PARP-1 mediated cell death. These findings expand our understanding of ADP-ribosylation and provide new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In the present review, research on ARH1-regulated tumorigenesis and cell death pathways that are enhanced by ARH3 deficiency are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Bu
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590, USA
| | - Jiro Kato
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590, USA
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes are broadly involved in the cellular response to DNA damage. PARP-1 is the chief human PARP enzyme involved in the DNA damage response, acting as a first responder that detects DNA strand breaks, and contributes to repair pathway choice and the efficiency of repair through modulation of chromatin structure and through interaction with and modification of a multitude of DNA repair factors. This perspective summarizes our knowledge of PARP-1 involvement in DNA repair pathways, and highlights recent structural and functional data regarding the activation of PARP-1 upon detecting DNA damage, and the release and trapping of PARP-1 at sites of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Pascal
- Université de Montréal, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Roger-Gaudry Pavillon, D-347, Montréal, Qc H3T 1J4 Canada.
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25
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Rudolph J, Mahadevan J, Dyer P, Luger K. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 searches DNA via a 'monkey bar' mechanism. eLife 2018; 7:37818. [PMID: 30088474 PMCID: PMC6135609 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is both a first responder to DNA damage and a chromatin architectural protein. How PARP1 rapidly finds DNA damage sites in the context of a nucleus filled with undamaged DNA, to which it also binds, is an unresolved question. Here, we show that PARP1 association with DNA is diffusion-limited, and release of PARP1 from DNA is promoted by binding of an additional DNA molecule that facilitates a ‘monkey bar’ mechanism, also known as intersegment transfer. The WGR-domain of PARP1 is essential to this mechanism, and a point mutation (W589A) recapitulates the altered kinetics of the domain deletion. Demonstrating the physiological importance of the monkey bar mechanism for PARP1 function, the W589A mutant accumulates at sites of DNA damage more slowly following laser micro-irradiation than wild-type PARP1. Clinically relevant inhibitors of PARP1 did not alter the rate or mechanism of the release of PARP1 from DNA. Our cells constantly withstand damage that can lead to breaks in the strands of our DNA. These cuts need to be fixed for the cell to stay healthy. When a break happens, one of the first responders to the scene is a protein known as PARP1. It binds to the ruptured strand (or strands) and then it recruits other repair agents to that location. But first, PARP1 needs to scan for cuts and notches amongst an overwhelming amount of DNA that is still intact. This is a complicated task, especially since the protein tends to bind both broken and unbroken DNA. How does it not stay ‘stuck’ on an undamaged portion of the genome? Here, Rudolph et al. use a combination of biochemical techniques and cell biology to show that PARP1 travels through our genome by swinging from one DNA location to another, the way a child grabs onto monkey bars. One of the DNA-binding domains of PARP1, known as the WGR-domain, acts like an arm and initiates the movement by gripping onto a new segment of DNA. In fact, chopping off the WGR-domain or disabling it through mutations makes PARP1 worse at finding DNA breakages in the cell. Unfixed DNA damage can lead to a cell becoming cancerous; ultimately, if the breakages keep accumulating, the cell does not survive. This makes PARP1 an important target for cancer treatment. Indeed, certain drugs already rely on trapping the protein so that tumor cells die. Understanding how cells cope with DNA damage and exactly how PARP1 works could help in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rudolph
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Jyothi Mahadevan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Pamela Dyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Karolin Luger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
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26
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Gagné JP, Langelier MF, Pascal JM, Poirier GG. Hydrofluoric Acid-Based Derivatization Strategy To Profile PARP-1 ADP-Ribosylation by LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2542-2551. [PMID: 29812941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the development of mass spectrometry-based methods for the identification of protein ADP-ribosylation, current protocols suffer from several drawbacks that preclude their widespread applicability. Given the intrinsic heterogeneous nature of poly(ADP-ribose), a number of strategies have been developed to generate simple derivatives for effective interrogation of protein databases and site-specific localization of the modified residues. Currently, the generation of spectral signatures indicative of ADP-ribosylation rely on chemical or enzymatic conversion of the modification to a single mass increment. Still, limitations arise from the lability of the poly(ADP-ribose) remnant during tandem mass spectrometry, the varying susceptibilities of different ADP-ribose-protein bonds to chemical hydrolysis, or the context dependence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Here, we present a chemical-based derivatization method applicable to the confident identification of site-specific ADP-ribosylation by conventional mass spectrometry on any targeted amino acid residue. Using PARP-1 as a model protein, we report that treatment of ADP-ribosylated peptides with hydrofluoric acid generates a specific +132 Da mass signature that corresponds to the decomposition of mono- and poly(ADP-ribosylated) peptides into ribose adducts as a consequence of the cleavage of the phosphorus-oxygen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Gagné
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine , Université Laval , Québec G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Marie-France Langelier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , Université de Montréal , 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit , Montréal H3T 1J4 , Canada
| | - John M Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , Université de Montréal , 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit , Montréal H3T 1J4 , Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine , Université Laval , Québec G1V 4G2 Canada
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27
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Fisi V, Kátai E, Orbán J, Dossena S, Miseta A, Nagy T. O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transiently Elevates in HeLa Cells during Mitosis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061275. [PMID: 29861440 PMCID: PMC6100377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. O-GlcNAc modification influences many cellular mechanisms, including carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction and protein degradation. Multiple studies also showed that cell cycle might be modulated by O-GlcNAc. Although the role of O-GlcNAc in the regulation of some cell cycle processes such as mitotic spindle organization or histone phosphorylation is well established, the general behaviour of O-GlcNAc regulation during cell cycle is still controversial. In this study, we analysed the dynamic changes of overall O-GlcNAc levels in HeLa cells using double thymidine block. O-GlcNAc levels in G1, S, G2 and M phase were measured. We observed that O-GlcNAc levels are significantly increased during mitosis in comparison to the other cell cycle phases. However, this change could only be detected when mitotic cells were enriched by harvesting round shaped cells from the G2/M fraction of the synchronized cells. Our data verify that O-GlcNAc is elevated during mitosis, but also emphasize that O-GlcNAc levels can significantly change in a short period of time. Thus, selection and collection of cells at specific cell-cycle checkpoints is a challenging, but necessary requirement for O-GlcNAc studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Fisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H7624, Hungary.
| | - Emese Kátai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H7624, Hungary.
| | - József Orbán
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H7624, Hungary.
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H7624, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H7624, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs H7624, Hungary.
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28
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Comparative inhibitory profile and distribution of bacterial PARPs, using Clostridioides difficile CD160 PARP as a model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8056. [PMID: 29795234 PMCID: PMC5966428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) are involved in the regulation of important cellular processes, such as DNA repair, aging and apoptosis, among others. They have been considered as promising therapeutic targets, since human cancer cells carrying BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are highly sensitive to human PARP-1 inhibitors. Although extensive work has been carried out with the latter enzyme, little is known on bacterial PARPs, of which only one has been demonstrated to be active. To extend this limited knowledge, we demonstrate that the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridioides difficile CD160 PARP is a highly active enzyme with a high production yield. Its phylogenetic analysis also pointed to a singular domain organization in contrast to other clostridiales, which could be due to the long-term divergence of C. difficile CD160. Surprisingly, its PARP becomes the first enzyme to be characterized from this strain, which has a genotype never before described based on its sequenced genome. Finally, the inhibition study carried out after a high-throughput in silico screening and an in vitro testing with hPARP1 and bacterial PARPs identified a different inhibitory profile, a new highly inhibitory compound never before described for hPARP1, and a specificity of bacterial PARPs for a compound that mimics NAD+ (EB-47).
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Gupte R, Liu Z, Kraus WL. PARPs and ADP-ribosylation: recent advances linking molecular functions to biological outcomes. Genes Dev 2017; 31:101-126. [PMID: 28202539 PMCID: PMC5322727 DOI: 10.1101/gad.291518.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Gupte et al. discuss new findings on the diverse roles of PARPs in chromatin regulation, transcription, RNA biology, and DNA repair as well as recent advances that link ADP-ribosylation to stress responses, metabolism, viral infections, and cancer. The discovery of poly(ADP-ribose) >50 years ago opened a new field, leading the way for the discovery of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes and the ADP-ribosylation reactions that they catalyze. Although the field was initially focused primarily on the biochemistry and molecular biology of PARP-1 in DNA damage detection and repair, the mechanistic and functional understanding of the role of PARPs in different biological processes has grown considerably of late. This has been accompanied by a shift of focus from enzymology to a search for substrates as well as the first attempts to determine the functional consequences of site-specific ADP-ribosylation on those substrates. Supporting these advances is a host of methodological approaches from chemical biology, proteomics, genomics, cell biology, and genetics that have propelled new discoveries in the field. New findings on the diverse roles of PARPs in chromatin regulation, transcription, RNA biology, and DNA repair have been complemented by recent advances that link ADP-ribosylation to stress responses, metabolism, viral infections, and cancer. These studies have begun to reveal the promising ways in which PARPs may be targeted therapeutically for the treatment of disease. In this review, we discuss these topics and relate them to the future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gupte
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ziying Liu
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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30
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Poltronieri P. ADP-Ribosylation Reactions in Animals, Plants, and Bacteria. CHALLENGES 2017; 8:14. [DOI: 10.3390/challe8010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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31
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Rissel D, Heym PP, Thor K, Brandt W, Wessjohann LA, Peiter E. No Silver Bullet - Canonical Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases (PARPs) Are No Universal Factors of Abiotic and Biotic Stress Resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:59. [PMID: 28220129 PMCID: PMC5292411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stress can have a detrimental impact on plant growth and productivity. Hence, there is a substantial demand for key factors of stress responses to improve yield stability of crops. Members of the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) protein family, which post-translationally modify (PARylate) nuclear proteins, have been suggested as such universal determinants of plant stress responses. A role under abiotic stress has been inferred from studies in which a genetic or, more commonly, pharmacological inhibition of PARP activity improved the performance of stressed plants. To further elucidate the role of PARP proteins under stress, T-DNA knockout mutants for the three Arabidopsis thaliana PARP genes were subjected to drought, osmotic, salt, and oxidative stress. To exclude a functional redundancy, which was indicated by a transcriptional upregulation of the remaining parp genes, a parp triple mutant was generated. Surprisingly, parp mutant plants did not differ from wild type plants in any of these stress experiments, independent from the number of PARP genes mutated. The parp triple mutant was also analyzed for callose formation in response to the pathogenassociated molecular pattern flg22. Unexpectedly, callose formation was unaltered in the mutant, albeit pharmacological PARP inhibition robustly blocked this immune response, confirming previous reports. Evidently, pharmacological inhibition appears to be more robust than the abolition of all PARP genes, indicating the presence of so-far undescribed proteins with PARP activity. This was supported by the finding that protein PARylation was not absent, but even increased in the parp triple mutant. Candidates for novel PARP-inhibitor targets may be found in the SRO protein family. These proteins harbor a catalytic PARP-like domain and are centrally involved in stress responses. Molecular modeling analyses, employing animal PARPs as templates, indeed indicated a capability of the SRO proteins RCD1 and SRO1 to bind nicotinamide-derived inhibitors. Collectively, the results of our study suggest that the stress-related phenotypes of parp mutants are highly conditional, and they call for a reconsideration of PARP inhibitor studies. In the context of this study, we also propose a unifying nomenclature of PARP genes and parp mutants, which is currently highly inconsistent and redundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Rissel
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany
- Agrochemisches Institut Piesteritz e.V.Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Peter P. Heym
- Agrochemisches Institut Piesteritz e.V.Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kathrin Thor
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Agrochemisches Institut Piesteritz e.V.Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Agrochemisches Institut Piesteritz e.V.Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany
- Agrochemisches Institut Piesteritz e.V.Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany
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32
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Isakoff SJ, Puhalla S, Domchek SM, Friedlander M, Kaufman B, Robson M, Telli ML, Diéras V, Han HS, Garber JE, Johnson EF, Maag D, Qin Q, Giranda VL, Shepherd SP. A randomized Phase II study of veliparib with temozolomide or carboplatin/paclitaxel versus placebo with carboplatin/paclitaxel in BRCA1/2 metastatic breast cancer: design and rationale. Future Oncol 2016; 13:307-320. [PMID: 27739325 PMCID: PMC5618936 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Veliparib is an orally administered poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that is being studied in Phase I–III clinical trials, including Phase III studies in non-small-cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer. Tumor cells with deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations are deficient in homologous recombination DNA repair and are intrinsically sensitive to platinum therapy and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. We describe herein the design and rationale of a Phase II trial investigating whether the addition of veliparib to temozolomide or carboplatin/paclitaxel provides clinical benefit over carboplatin/paclitaxel with placebo in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer harboring a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutation (Trial registration: EudraCT 2011-002913-12, NCT01506609).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Isakoff
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shannon Puhalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Friedlander
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Bella Kaufman
- Department of General Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52 621, Israel
| | - Mark Robson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Melinda L Telli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Véronique Diéras
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris 75248, France
| | - Hyo Sook Han
- The Center for Women's Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Qin Qin
- AbbVie Inc., Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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33
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Posavec Marjanović M, Crawford K, Ahel I. PARP, transcription and chromatin modeling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:102-113. [PMID: 27677453 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Compaction mode of chromatin and chromatin highly organised structures regulate gene expression. Posttranslational modifications, histone variants and chromatin remodelers modulate the compaction, structure and therefore function of specific regions of chromatin. The generation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is emerging as one of the key signalling events on sites undergoing chromatin structure modulation. PAR is generated locally in response to stresses. These include genotoxic stress but also differentiation signals, metabolic and hormonal cues. A pictures emerges in which transient PAR formation is essential to orchestrate chromatin remodelling and transcription factors allowing the cell to adapt to alteration in its environment. This review summarizes the diverse factors of ADP-ribosylation in the adaptive regulation of chromatin structure and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerryanne Crawford
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK,.
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34
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Viral Macro Domains Reverse Protein ADP-Ribosylation. J Virol 2016; 90:8478-86. [PMID: 27440879 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00705-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED ADP-ribosylation is a posttranslational protein modification in which ADP-ribose is transferred from NAD(+) to specific acceptors to regulate a wide variety of cellular processes. The macro domain is an ancient and highly evolutionarily conserved protein domain widely distributed throughout all kingdoms of life, including viruses. The human TARG1/C6orf130, MacroD1, and MacroD2 proteins can reverse ADP-ribosylation by acting on ADP-ribosylated substrates through the hydrolytic activity of their macro domains. Here, we report that the macro domain from hepatitis E virus (HEV) serves as an ADP-ribose-protein hydrolase for mono-ADP-ribose (MAR) and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chain removal (de-MARylation and de-PARylation, respectively) from mono- and poly(ADP)-ribosylated proteins, respectively. The presence of the HEV helicase in cis dramatically increases the binding of the macro domain to poly(ADP-ribose) and stimulates the de-PARylation activity. Abrogation of the latter dramatically decreases replication of an HEV subgenomic replicon. The de-MARylation activity is present in all three pathogenic positive-sense, single-stranded RNA [(+)ssRNA] virus families which carry a macro domain: Coronaviridae (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E), Togaviridae (Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus), and Hepeviridae (HEV), indicating that it might be a significant tropism and/or pathogenic determinant. IMPORTANCE Protein ADP-ribosylation is a covalent posttranslational modification regulating cellular protein activities in a dynamic fashion to modulate and coordinate a variety of cellular processes. Three viral families, Coronaviridae, Togaviridae, and Hepeviridae, possess macro domains embedded in their polyproteins. Here, we show that viral macro domains reverse cellular ADP-ribosylation, potentially cutting the signal of a viral infection in the cell. Various poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases which are notorious guardians of cellular integrity are demodified by macro domains from members of these virus families. In the case of hepatitis E virus, the adjacent viral helicase domain dramatically increases the binding of the macro domain to PAR and simulates the demodification activity.
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35
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Steffen JD, McCauley MM, Pascal JM. Fluorescent sensors of PARP-1 structural dynamics and allosteric regulation in response to DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:9771-9783. [PMID: 27530425 PMCID: PMC5175350 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is a posttranslational modification predominantly synthesized by PAR polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in genome maintenance. PARP-1 detects DNA damage, and damage detection is coupled to a massive increase PAR production, primarily attached to PARP-1 (automodification). Automodified PARP-1 then recruits repair factors to DNA damage sites. PARP-1 automodification eventually leads to release from DNA damage thus turning off catalytic activity, although the effects of PAR on PARP-1 structure are poorly understood. The multiple domains of PARP-1 are organized upon detecting DNA damage, creating a network of domain contacts that imposes a major conformational transition in the catalytic domain that increases PAR production. Presented here are two novel fluorescent sensors that monitor the global and local structural transitions of PARP-1 that are associated with DNA damage detection and catalytic activation. These sensors display real-time monitoring of PARP-1 structural transitions upon DNA damage detection, and their reversal upon PARP-1 automodification. The fluorescent sensors are further used to investigate intramolecular and intermolecular PARP-1 activation, followed by the observation that intramolecular activation of PARP-1 is the predominant response to DNA strand breaks in cells. These results provide a unique perspective on the interplay between PARP-1 DNA damage recognition, allosteric regulation, and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamin D Steffen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael M McCauley
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - John M Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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36
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Inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase using quinazolinone nucleus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7799-814. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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37
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Camicia R, Winkler HC, Hassa PO. Novel drug targets for personalized precision medicine in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a comprehensive review. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:207. [PMID: 26654227 PMCID: PMC4676894 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy and the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults, with one of the highest mortality rates in most developed areas of the world. More than half of DLBLC patients can be cured with standard R-CHOP regimens, however approximately 30 to 40 % of patients will develop relapsed/refractory disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to the limited therapeutic options.Recent advances in gene expression profiling have led to the identification of at least three distinct molecular subtypes of DLBCL: a germinal center B cell-like subtype, an activated B cell-like subtype, and a primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma subtype. Moreover, recent findings have not only increased our understanding of the molecular basis of chemotherapy resistance but have also helped identify molecular subsets of DLBCL and rational targets for drug interventions that may allow for subtype/subset-specific molecularly targeted precision medicine and personalized combinations to both prevent and treat relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Novel agents such as lenalidomide, ibrutinib, bortezomib, CC-122, epratuzumab or pidilizumab used as single-agent or in combination with (rituximab-based) chemotherapy have already demonstrated promising activity in patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Several novel potential drug targets have been recently identified such as the BET bromodomain protein (BRD)-4, phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS)-2, macrodomain-containing mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD)-9 (also known as PARP9), deltex-3-like E3 ubiquitin ligase (DTX3L) (also known as BBAP), NF-kappaB inducing kinase (NIK) and transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFβR).This review highlights the new insights into the molecular basis of relapsed/refractory DLBCL and summarizes the most promising drug targets and experimental treatments for relapsed/refractory DLBCL, including the use of novel agents such as lenalidomide, ibrutinib, bortezomib, pidilizumab, epratuzumab, brentuximab-vedotin or CAR T cells, dual inhibitors, as well as mechanism-based combinatorial experimental therapies. We also provide a comprehensive and updated list of current drugs, drug targets and preclinical and clinical experimental studies in DLBCL. A special focus is given on STAT1, ARTD9, DTX3L and ARTD8 (also known as PARP14) as novel potential drug targets in distinct molecular subsets of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Camicia
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Stem Cell Research Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Nuffield Division of Clinical, Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,MRC-UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Hans C Winkler
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul O Hassa
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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38
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Barkauskaite E, Jankevicius G, Ahel I. Structures and Mechanisms of Enzymes Employed in the Synthesis and Degradation of PARP-Dependent Protein ADP-Ribosylation. Mol Cell 2015; 58:935-46. [PMID: 26091342 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a major family of enzymes capable of modifying proteins by ADP-ribosylation. Due to the large size and diversity of this family, PARPs affect almost every aspect of cellular life and have fundamental roles in DNA repair, transcription, heat shock and cytoplasmic stress responses, cell division, protein degradation, and much more. In the past decade, our understanding of the PARP enzymatic mechanism and activation, as well as regulation of ADP-ribosylation signals by the readers and erasers of protein ADP-ribosylation, has been significantly advanced by the emergence of new structural data, reviewed herein, which allow for better understanding of the biological roles of this widespread post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Barkauskaite
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK
| | - Gytis Jankevicius
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK.
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39
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Kistemaker HAV, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Filippov DV. Branching of poly(ADP-ribose): Synthesis of the Core Motif. Org Lett 2015; 17:4328-31. [PMID: 26307949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the core motif of branched poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) (poly(ADPr)) is described, and structural analysis reasserted the proposed stereochemistry for branching. For the synthesis, a ribose trisaccharide was first constructed with only α-O-glycosidic linkages. Finally, the adenine nucleobase was introduced via a Vorbrüggen-type glycosylation reaction. The orthogonality of the selected protecting groups was demonstrated, allowing for the construction of branched poly(ADPr) oligomers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans A V Kistemaker
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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40
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Hopkins TA, Shi Y, Rodriguez LE, Solomon LR, Donawho CK, DiGiammarino EL, Panchal SC, Wilsbacher JL, Gao W, Olson AM, Stolarik DF, Osterling DJ, Johnson EF, Maag D. Mechanistic Dissection of PARP1 Trapping and the Impact on In Vivo Tolerability and Efficacy of PARP Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Res 2015. [PMID: 26217019 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0191-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP1, -2, and -3) play important roles in DNA damage repair. As such, a number of PARP inhibitors are undergoing clinical development as anticancer therapies, particularly in tumors with DNA repair deficits and in combination with DNA-damaging agents. Preclinical evidence indicates that PARP inhibitors potentiate the cytotoxicity of DNA alkylating agents. It has been proposed that a major mechanism underlying this activity is the allosteric trapping of PARP1 at DNA single-strand breaks during base excision repair; however, direct evidence of allostery has not been reported. Here the data reveal that veliparib, olaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib (BMN-673) potentiate the cytotoxicity of alkylating agents. Consistent with this, all four drugs possess PARP1 trapping activity. Using biochemical and cellular approaches, we directly probe the trapping mechanism for an allosteric component. These studies indicate that trapping is due to catalytic inhibition and not allostery. The potency of PARP inhibitors with respect to trapping and catalytic inhibition is linearly correlated in biochemical systems but is nonlinear in cells. High-content imaging of γH2Ax levels suggests that this is attributable to differential potentiation of DNA damage in cells. Trapping potency is inversely correlated with tolerability when PARP inhibitors are combined with temozolomide in mouse xenograft studies. As a result, PARP inhibitors with dramatically different trapping potencies elicit comparable in vivo efficacy at maximum tolerated doses. Finally, the impact of trapping on tolerability and efficacy is likely to be context specific. IMPLICATIONS Understanding the context-specific relationships of trapping and catalytic inhibition with both tolerability and efficacy will aid in determining the suitability of a PARP inhibitor for inclusion in a particular clinical regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Shi
- AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
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41
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Abstract
Human cells respond to DNA damage with an acute and transient burst in production of poly(ADP-ribose), a posttranslational modification that expedites damage repair and plays a pivotal role in cell fate decisions. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and glycohydrolase (PARG) are the key set of enzymes that orchestrate the rise and fall in cellular levels of poly(ADP-ribose). In this perspective, we focus on recent structural and mechanistic insights into the enzymes involved in poly(ADP-ribose) production and turnover, and we highlight important questions that remain to be answered.
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42
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Bowman GD, Poirier MG. Post-translational modifications of histones that influence nucleosome dynamics. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2274-95. [PMID: 25424540 PMCID: PMC4375056 DOI: 10.1021/cr500350x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Bowman
- T.
C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Michael G. Poirier
- Department of Physics, and Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
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43
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Hottiger MO. Nuclear ADP-Ribosylation and Its Role in Chromatin Plasticity, Cell Differentiation, and Epigenetics. Annu Rev Biochem 2015; 84:227-63. [PMID: 25747399 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein ADP-ribosylation is an ancient posttranslational modification with high biochemical complexity. It alters the function of modified proteins or provides a scaffold for the recruitment of other proteins and thus regulates several cellular processes. ADP-ribosylation is governed by ADP-ribosyltransferases and a subclass of sirtuins (writers), is sensed by proteins that contain binding modules (readers) that recognize specific parts of the ADP-ribosyl posttranslational modification, and is removed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases (erasers). The large amount of experimental data generated and technical progress made in the last decade have significantly advanced our knowledge of the function of ADP-ribosylation at the molecular level. This review summarizes the current knowledge of nuclear ADP-ribosylation reactions and their role in chromatin plasticity, cell differentiation, and epigenetics and discusses current progress and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Hottiger
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
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44
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Vivelo CA, Leung AKL. Proteomics approaches to identify mono-(ADP-ribosyl)ated and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated proteins. Proteomics 2014; 15:203-17. [PMID: 25263235 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation refers to the addition of one or more ADP-ribose units onto protein substrates and this protein modification has been implicated in various cellular processes including DNA damage repair, RNA metabolism, transcription, and cell cycle regulation. This review focuses on a compilation of large-scale proteomics studies that identify ADP-ribosylated proteins and their associated proteins by MS using a variety of enrichment strategies. Some methods, such as the use of a poly(ADP-ribose)-specific antibody and boronate affinity chromatography and NAD(+) analogues, have been employed for decades while others, such as the use of protein microarrays and recombinant proteins that bind ADP-ribose moieties (such as macrodomains), have only recently been developed. The advantages and disadvantages of each method and whether these methods are specific for identifying mono(ADP-ribosyl)ated and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated proteins will be discussed. Lastly, since poly(ADP-ribose) is heterogeneous in length, it has been difficult to attain a mass signature associated with the modification sites. Several strategies on how to reduce polymer chain length heterogeneity for site identification will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Vivelo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sorci L, Ruggieri S, Raffaelli N. NAD homeostasis in the bacterial response to DNA/RNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 23:17-26. [PMID: 25127744 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, NAD represents a nodal point for metabolic regulation, and its availability is critical to genome stability. Several NAD-consuming enzymes are induced in various stress conditions and the consequent NAD decline is generally accompanied by the activation of NAD biosynthetic pathways to guarantee NAD homeostasis. In the bacterial world a similar scenario has only recently begun to surface. Here we review the current knowledge on the involvement of NAD homeostasis in bacterial stress response mechanisms. In particular, we focus on the participation of both NAD-consuming enzymes (DNA ligase, mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferase, sirtuins, and RNA 2'-phosphotransferase) and NAD biosynthetic enzymes (both de novo, and recycling enzymes) in the response to DNA/RNA damage. As further supporting evidence for such a link, a genomic context analysis is presented showing several conserved associations between NAD homeostasis and stress responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sorci
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silverio Ruggieri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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46
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Papeo G, Avanzi N, Bettoni S, Leone A, Paolucci M, Perego R, Quartieri F, Riccardi-Sirtori F, Thieffine S, Montagnoli A, Lupi R. Insights into PARP Inhibitors' Selectivity Using Fluorescence Polarization and Surface Plasmon Resonance Binding Assays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:1212-9. [PMID: 24916412 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114538319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors are an exciting new class of antineoplastic drugs that have been proven to be efficacious as single agents in cancer settings with inherent DNA repair defects, as well as in combination with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics. Currently, they are designed to target the catalytic domain of PARP-1, the most studied member of the family, with a key role in the DNA-damage repair process. Because PARP inhibitors are substrate (NAD(+)) competitors, there is a need for a deeper understanding of their cross-reactivity. This is particularly relevant for PARP-2, the PARP-1 closest homologue, for which an embryonic lethal phenotype has been observed in double knockout mice. In this study, we describe the development and validation of binding assays based on fluorescence polarization (FP) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques. PARP-1, PARP-2, PARP-3, and TNKS-1 FP displacement assays are set up by employing ad hoc synthesized probes. These assays are suitable for high-throughput screening (HTS) and selectivity profiling, thus allowing the identification of NAD(+)binding site selective inhibitors. The PARP-1 and PARP-2 complementary SPR binding assays confirm displacement data and the in-depth inhibitor characterization. Moreover, these formats have the potential to be broadly applicable to other members of the PARP family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilla Avanzi
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Nerviano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Rita Perego
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Nerviano, Italy
| | | | | | - Sandrine Thieffine
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Nerviano, Italy Evotec Ltd, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Rosita Lupi
- Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Nerviano, Italy
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47
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Comparative structural analysis of the putative mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases of the ARTD/PARP family. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 384:153-66. [PMID: 25015788 DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The existence and significance of endogenous cytosolic and nuclear mono-ADP-ribosylation has been a matter of debate. Today, evidence suggests that the human enzymes that catalyze the reaction have been rounded up. Moreover, substrate proteins and specific functions for mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases are beginning to be defined. Reader domains that specifically recognize mono-ADP-ribosylated target proteins and erasers that remove the mono-ADP-ribosyl mark have been identified. Here, we review the contribution of crystal structures to our understanding of the putative mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases with Diphtheria toxin and ARTD1/PARP1 homology.
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Lindgren AEG, Karlberg T, Ekblad T, Spjut S, Thorsell AG, Andersson CD, Nhan TT, Hellsten V, Weigelt J, Linusson A, Schüler H, Elofsson M. Chemical Probes to Study ADP-Ribosylation: Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Inhibitors of the Human ADP-Ribosyltransferase ARTD3/PARP3. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9556-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401394u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Karlberg
- Department
of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torun Ekblad
- Department
of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Spjut
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ann-Gerd Thorsell
- Department
of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ton Tong Nhan
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Victor Hellsten
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Weigelt
- Department
of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Linusson
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Herwig Schüler
- Department
of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Elofsson
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Abstract
The seminal paper published in 1963 by Chambon, Weil and Mandel reporting a new NAD-dependent protein modification now known as poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) marked the launch of a new era in both protein research and cell biology. In the coming decades, the identity, biochemical characteristics and regulation of enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of protein-bound poly(ADP-ribose) have been discovered and the surprisingly multifarious biological roles of PARylation have not ceased to amaze cell and molecular biologists ever since. The review series on PARylation following this preface is comprised of ten papers written by great experts of the field and aims to provide practicing physicians and basic scientists with the state-of-the-art on the "writers, readers and erasers" of poly(ADP-ribose), some recent paradigm shifts of the field and its translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Ekblad T, Camaioni E, Schüler H, Macchiarulo A. PARP inhibitors: polypharmacology versus selective inhibition. FEBS J 2013; 280:3563-75. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torun Ekblad
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Herwig Schüler
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
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