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van der Marel A, O’Connell CL, Prasher S, Carminito C, Francis X, Hobson EA. A comparison of low‐cost behavioral observation software applications for handheld computers and recommendations for use. Ethology 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire L. O’Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio45221USA
| | - Sanjay Prasher
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio45221USA
| | - Chelsea Carminito
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio45221USA
| | - Xavier Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio45221USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Hobson
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio45221USA
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2
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Bales KL, Ardekani CS, Baxter A, Karaskiewicz CL, Kuske JX, Lau AR, Savidge LE, Sayler KR, Witczak LR. What is a pair bond? Horm Behav 2021; 136:105062. [PMID: 34601430 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pair bonding is a psychological construct that we attempt to operationalize via behavioral and physiological measurements. Yet, pair bonding has been both defined differently in various taxonomic groups as well as used loosely to describe not just a psychological and affective phenomenon, but also a social structure or mating system (either social monogamy or just pair living). In this review, we ask the questions: What has been the historical definition of a pair bond? Has this definition differed across taxonomic groups? What behavioral evidence do we see of pair bonding in these groups? Does this observed evidence alter the definition of pair bonding? Does the observed neurobiology underlying these behaviors affect this definition as well? And finally, what are the upcoming directions in which the study of pair bonding needs to head?
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America.
| | - Cory S Ardekani
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - Alexander Baxter
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America
| | - Chloe L Karaskiewicz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America
| | - Jace X Kuske
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - Allison R Lau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America
| | - Logan E Savidge
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America
| | - Kristina R Sayler
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - Lynea R Witczak
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America
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3
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Westbury MV, Le Duc D, Duchêne DA, Krishnan A, Prost S, Rutschmann S, Grau JH, Dalen L, Weyrich A, Norén K, Werdelin L, Dalerum F, Schöneberg T, Hofreiter M. Ecological Specialisation and Evolutionary Reticulation in Extant Hyaenidae. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3884-3897. [PMID: 34426844 PMCID: PMC8382907 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the Miocene, Hyaenidae was a highly diverse family of Carnivora that has since been severely reduced to four species: the bone-cracking spotted, striped, and brown hyenas, and the specialized insectivorous aardwolf. Previous studies investigated the evolutionary histories of the spotted and brown hyenas, but little is known about the remaining two species. Moreover, the genomic underpinnings of scavenging and insectivory, defining traits of the extant species, remain elusive. Here, we generated an aardwolf genome and analyzed it together with the remaining three species to reveal their evolutionary relationships, genomic underpinnings of their scavenging and insectivorous lifestyles, and their respective genetic diversities and demographic histories. High levels of phylogenetic discordance suggest gene flow between the aardwolf lineage and the ancestral brown/striped hyena lineage. Genes related to immunity and digestion in the bone-cracking hyenas and craniofacial development in the aardwolf showed the strongest signals of selection, suggesting putative key adaptations to carrion and termite feeding, respectively. A family-wide expansion in olfactory receptor genes suggests that an acute sense of smell was a key early adaptation. Finally, we report very low levels of genetic diversity within the brown and striped hyenas despite no signs of inbreeding, putatively linked to their similarly slow decline in effective population size over the last ∼2 million years. High levels of genetic diversity and more stable population sizes through time are seen in the spotted hyena and aardwolf. Taken together, our findings highlight how ecological specialization can impact the evolutionary history, demographics, and adaptive genetic changes of an evolutionary lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Westbury
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.,Section for Evolutionary Genomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - David A Duchêne
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Arunkumar Krishnan
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Berhampur, Odisha, 760010, India
| | - Stefan Prost
- LOEWE-Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg, 60325, Germany. Frankfurt.,South African National Biodiversity Institute, National Zoological Garden, Pretoria, 0184, South Africa
| | - Sereina Rutschmann
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Jose H Grau
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.,amedes Genetics, amedes Medizinische Dienstleistungen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Love Dalen
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden.,Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, Stockholm, 10405, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Weyrich
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, 10315, Germany
| | - Karin Norén
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Lars Werdelin
- Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, Stockholm, SE-10405, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Dalerum
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden.,Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), Mieres Campus, University of Oviedo, Mieres, Asturias, 33600, Spain.,Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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4
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Tichon J, Gilchrist JS, Rotem G, Ward P, Spiegel O. Social interactions in striped hyena inferred from camera trap data: is it more social than previously thought? Curr Zool 2020; 66:345-353. [PMID: 32617083 PMCID: PMC7319470 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the drivers promoting sociality over solitariness in animal species is imperative for predicting future population trends and informing conservation and management. In this study we investigate the social structure of a desert dwelling population of striped hyena Hyaena hyaena. This species is historically regarded as strictly solitary albeit being the least studied of the extant Hyaenids. Accumulating evidence regarding the frequency of social interactions suggests a revision of striped hyena social structure is required. We hypothesized that striped hyena has a social structure that is more complex than expected for a strictly solitary species. For that end, we deployed an array of camera-traps in a remote desert region in Israel, and compared observed frequencies of striped hyena co-occurrence against null models to test whether hyena co-occurred more than expected by chance. Seven adults were (re)captured by our camera-traps in 49 different instances over 83 tracking days. Of these, 6 exhibited shared space-use around a scarce, isolated perennial water source. Five of them, co-occurred with other hyena (in 3 instances) significantly more frequent than expected by chance (and that timing suggests reproduction is unlikely to be the driving factor). Our findings substantiate evidence of complex social structure in striped hyena, highlight the importance of a scarce resource in space-use and sociality, and provide a baseline for future research of striped hyena social structure. We suggest that similar methods be employed to evaluate social structure in other “solitary species” to better understand their social dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tichon
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel.,School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, 1 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Jason S Gilchrist
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, 1 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Guy Rotem
- Spatial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Paul Ward
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, 1 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Orr Spiegel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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5
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Eguizábal GV, Palme R, Superina M, Asencio CJ, García Capocasa MC, Busso JM. Characterization and correlations of behavioral and adrenocortical activities of zoo-housed lesser anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla). Zoo Biol 2019; 38:334-342. [PMID: 31173396 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We characterized behavioral and adrenocortical activities of Tamandua tetradactyla under human care driven by the hypothesis that they vary between males and females. We also assessed the potential association between natural or abnormal behaviors and adrenocortical activity. We kept females and males T. tetradactyla in individual, contiguous enclosures at Córdoba Zoo (Argentina), under natural photoperiod and temperature. During 29 consecutive days we monitored the animals' behavior by recording their activity pattern every 5 min using infrared cameras (8352 records/individual). We collected all feces and measured fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) with an 11-oxoaetiocholanolone enzyme immunoassay. We found individual differences in all behavioral variables. We detected that females exhibited lower total activity than males (23.8 ± 0.2% and 32.3 ± 0.3%, respectively; p = .005). Females were more active at night and males during the day (p < .05) and exhibited less abnormal behaviors than males (p = .05). Although we did not find sex-related differences for average FGM, we detected individual differences (p < .0001). We found that daily FGM showed negative (-0.39) and positive (0.38) correlations with natural and abnormal behaviors, respectively (p < .0001). Thus, we consider that individual input and sex are factors to be considered in stress responses of the species in captivity. Natural and abnormal behaviors may demand different levels of adrenocortical activity. Our findings may prove useful as normative data for ex situ management of conservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabina V Eguizábal
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), FCEFyN-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariella Superina
- Laboratorio de Medicina y Endocrinología de la Fauna Silvestre, IMBECU, CCT-CONICET Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Camila J Asencio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), FCEFyN-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Juan M Busso
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), FCEFyN-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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6
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Westbury MV, Cahsan BD, Dalerum F, Norén K, Hofreiter M. Aardwolf Population Diversity and Phylogenetic Positioning Inferred Using Complete Mitochondrial Genomes. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3957/056.049.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Westbury
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Binia De Cahsan
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fredrik Dalerum
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), Mieres Campus, University of Oviedo, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - Karin Norén
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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7
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de Bruin PR, Ganswindt A, Laver P, le Roux A. Friendly foxes: the relationship between steroid hormones and social behaviour in a monogamous African canid. J Zool (1987) 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. R. de Bruin
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science Mammalian Cognition Research Group University of the Free State ‐ Qwaqwa Campus Phuthaditjhaba South Africa
| | - A. Ganswindt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Science Endocrine Research Laboratory University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - P. Laver
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Science Endocrine Research Laboratory University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - A. le Roux
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science Mammalian Cognition Research Group University of the Free State ‐ Qwaqwa Campus Phuthaditjhaba South Africa
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8
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Marneweck C, Jürgens A, Shrader AM. Temporal Variation of White Rhino Dung Odours. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:955-965. [PMID: 28983753 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order for an olfactory signal to be effective, it must persist in the environment for an extended period. White rhino dung odours transmit information about sex, age, territorial and oestrous states. As these odours relay important information, temporal changes in the odour emission rate and/or composition may be critical in order for other individuals to obtain this information. Here, we examine how the dung odours of adult white rhinos (male: territorial and non-territorial; female: oestrous and non-oestrous) change over the short (hours) and long (seasons) term using headspace extraction. Additionally, we measure seasonal midden visitation and defecation frequency to link behaviours to seasonal changes in odour longevity. We found that during the dry season, territorial male dung odours persisted for 48 hours, while the odours of all other adults persisted for >48 hours. The high temperature and humidity of the wet season did not affect odour longevity of oestrous females, but decreased dung odour longevity (i.e. increased emission) of territorial males, non-territorial males, and non-oestrous females. Despite this reduction, neither males nor females adjusted their seasonal visitation or defecation frequency. With regard to a temporal indicator, 3,7-dimethly-1,6-octadiene signalled dung age during the wet season, while acetophenone signalled dung age during the dry season. Ultimately, our results provide the first detailed account of temporal changes of dung VOCs, and highlight the limitations of dung as a signalling medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Marneweck
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Andreas Jürgens
- Chemical Plant Ecology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Adrian M Shrader
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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9
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de Bruin R, Ganswindt A, le Roux A. From killer to carer: steroid hormones and paternal behaviour. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2016.1258327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruan de Bruin
- Mammalian Cognition Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| | - Andre Ganswindt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Aliza le Roux
- Mammalian Cognition Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
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10
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Le Roux A, Botha H, Dalerum F, Ganswindt A. Non-invasive measurement of adrenocortical activity in a myrmecophageous mammal, the bat-eared fox. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2016.1145071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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