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Masasa M, Kushmaro A, Nguyen D, Chernova H, Shashar N, Guttman L. Spatial Succession Underlies Microbial Contribution to Food Digestion in the Gut of an Algivorous Sea Urchin. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0051423. [PMID: 37097162 PMCID: PMC10269587 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00514-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary influence on the microbiome in algivorous sea urchins such as Tripneustes gratilla elatensis suggests a bacterial contribution to the digestion of fiber-rich seaweed. An ecological insight into the spatial arrangement in the gut bacterial community will improve our knowledge of host-microbe relations concerning the involved taxa, their metabolic repertoire, and the niches of activity. Toward this goal, we investigated the bacterial communities in the esophagus, stomach, and intestine of Ulva-fed sea urchins through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, followed by the prediction of their functional genes. We revealed communities with distinct features, especially those in the esophagus and intestine. The esophageal community was less diverse and was poor in food digestive or fermentation genes. In contrast, bacteria that can contribute to the digestion of the dietary Ulva were common in the stomach and intestine and consisted of genes for carbohydrate decomposition, fermentation, synthesis of short-chain fatty acids, and various ways of N and S metabolism. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were found as the main phyla in the gut and are presumably also necessary in food digestion. The abundant sulfate-reducing bacteria in the stomach and intestine from the genera Desulfotalea, Desulfitispora, and Defluviitalea may aid in removing the excess sulfate from the decomposition of the algal polysaccharides. Although these sea urchins were fed with Ulva, genes for the degradation of polysaccharides of other algae and plants were present in this sea urchin gut microbiome. We conclude that the succession of microbial communities along the gut obtained supports the hypothesis on bacterial contribution to food digestion. IMPORTANCE Alga grazing by the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla elatensis is vital for nutrient recycling and constructing new reefs. This research was driven by the need to expand the knowledge of bacteria that may aid this host in alga digestion and their phylogeny, roles, and activity niches. We hypothesized alterations in the bacterial compositional structure along the gut and their association with the potential contribution to food digestion. The current spatial insight into the sea urchin's gut microbiome ecology is novel and reveals how distinct bacterial communities are when distant from each other in this organ. It points to keynote bacteria with genes that may aid the host in the digestion of the complex sulfated polysaccharides in dietary Ulva by removing the released sulfates and fermentation to provide energy. The gut bacteria's genomic arsenal may also help to gain energy from diets of other algae and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Masasa
- Marine Biology and Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat, Israel
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, Israel
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dzung Nguyen
- Marine Biology and Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat, Israel
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, Israel
| | - Helena Chernova
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, Israel
| | - Nadav Shashar
- Marine Biology and Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat, Israel
| | - Lior Guttman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, Israel
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Life Sciences, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Zhukova NV. Fatty Acids of Echinoderms: Diversity, Current Applications and Future Opportunities. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010021. [PMID: 36662194 PMCID: PMC9865275 DOI: 10.3390/md21010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylum Echinodermata comprising the classes Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Crinodeia, is one of the important invertebrate groups. Members of this phylum live exclusively in marine habitats and are distributed in almost all depths and latitudes. Some of them, such as sea urchins and sea cucumbers, are commercially valuable and constitute a major fishery resource. Echinoderms are increasingly recognized as a unique source of various metabolites with a wide range of biological activities. The importance of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid, in human health has drawn attention to echinoderms as a promising source of essential fatty acids (FAs). Extensive information on the FAs of the phylum has been accumulated to date. The biosynthetic capabilities and feeding habits of echinoderms explain the findings of the unusual FAs in them. Certain common and unusual FAs may serve as chemotaxonomic markers of the classes. The main goal of the review was to gather the relevant information on the distribution of FAs among the echinoderm classes, describe the structures, distribution, biosynthetic pathways, and bioactivity, with an emphasis on the FAs specific for echinoderms. A large part of the review is devoted to the FAs derived from echinoderms that exhibit various biological activities promising for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Zhukova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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Clare DS, Bolam SG, McIlwaine PSO, Garcia C, Murray JM, Eggleton JD. Biological traits of marine benthic invertebrates in Northwest Europe. Sci Data 2022; 9:339. [PMID: 35705559 PMCID: PMC9200785 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological traits analysis (BTA) provides insight into causes and consequences of biodiversity change that cannot be achieved using traditional taxonomic approaches. However, acquiring information on biological traits (i.e., the behavioural, morphological, and reproductive characteristics of taxa) can be extremely time-consuming, especially for large community datasets, thus hindering the successful application of BTA. Here, we present information on ten key biological traits for over a thousand marine benthic invertebrate taxa surveyed in Northwest Europe (mainly the UK shelf). Scores of 0 to 3 are provided to indicate our confidence that taxa exhibit each possible mode of trait expression. The information was acquired over a decade through an extensive appraisal of relevant sources, including peer-reviewed papers, books, online material and, where necessary, professional judgement. These data may be inspected, used, and augmented by fellow researchers, thus assisting in the wider application of BTA in marine benthic ecology. Measurement(s) | body size • body morphology • lifespan • egg development location • larva development location • living habit • sediment position • feeding mode • mobility • bioturbation mode | Technology Type(s) | literature review • professional judgement | Sample Characteristic - Organism | benthic invertebrates | Sample Characteristic - Environment | marine environment | Sample Characteristic - Location | Northwest Europe |
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Clare
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK.
| | - Stefan G Bolam
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Paul S O McIlwaine
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Clement Garcia
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Joanna M Murray
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Jacqueline D Eggleton
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK
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4
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Grosbois G, Power M, Evans M, Koehler G, Rautio M. Content, composition, and transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids in an Arctic lake food web. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Grosbois
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales Université du Québec à Chicoutimi Chicoutimi Quebec Canada
- Centre d’Études Nordiques (CEN) Université Laval Quebec City Quebec Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL) Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Michael Power
- Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Marlene Evans
- NHRC Stable Isotope Laboratory, Environment and Climate Change Canada Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Geoff Koehler
- NHRC Stable Isotope Laboratory, Environment and Climate Change Canada Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Milla Rautio
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales Université du Québec à Chicoutimi Chicoutimi Quebec Canada
- Centre d’Études Nordiques (CEN) Université Laval Quebec City Quebec Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL) Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
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Han L, Ding J, Wang H, Zuo R, Quan Z, Fan Z, Liu Q, Chang Y. Molecular characterization and expression of SiFad1 in the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius). Gene 2019; 705:133-141. [PMID: 31004713 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases (Fads) are a key enzyme in the process of biosynthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs). In this study, we cloned the full-length sequence of the SiFad1 gene (SiFad1) and analyzed its expression profiles during different developmental stages and in different tissues of Strongylocentrotus intermedius. The full-length cDNA of SiFad1 is composed of 1086 bp, with a putative open reading frame of 885 bp encoding a polypeptide of 294 amino acid (AA) residues. The predicted molecular mass of SiFad1 is 34.67 kDa and its theoretical pI is 8.41. The presence of conserved motifs including three histidine boxes (HXXXH, HXXHH, XXXHH), a FA_desaturases domain and three transmembrane domains suggests that SiFad1 belongs to the microsomal fatty acid desaturases family. Its tissue distribution showed that the highest expression of SiFad1 is in the intestine and the weakest expression is in Aristotle's lantern of S. intermedius. Time-course expression measurements in different developmental stages showed the highest expression of SiFad1 occurs in the gastrula and the weakest expression in the juvenile sea urchin. Knock-down of SiFad1 by specific siRNA revealed that the significantly depressed expression of Elovl5 had decreased in the coelomocytes, intestines and gonads at 24 h post transfection, indicating that the downstream target gene of SiFad1 is Elovl5 and SiFad1 and Elovl5 have positive regulatory effects. When we examined the changes in fatty acids in the gonads before and after interference, the results showed that after 24 h of interference, the content of C20:4n-6 produced by SiFad1 had decreased. Taken together, these results will enable us to understand the role of SiFad1 in fatty acid anabolism, which will help us to understand the fatty acid synthesis pathways and regulatory mechanisms of Strongylocentrotus intermedius and provide a theoretical experimental basis for improving the ability of sea urchins to synthesize fatty acids and cultivating sea urchins of higher quality and nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshu Han
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Rantao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zijiao Quan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zihan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Quandi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
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Gonzalez-Silvera D, Izquierdo-Gomez D, Fernandez-Gonzalez V, Martínez-López FJ, López-Jiménez JA, Sanchez-Jerez P. Mediterranean fouling communities assimilate the organic matter derived from coastal fish farms as a new trophic resource. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 91:45-53. [PMID: 25577476 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the lipid content of fish feeds includes high amounts of terrestrial vegetable oils, rich in n-6 fatty acids and poor in n-3 fatty acids. Sinking organic matter in the shape of fragmented pellets and fish faeces could be ingested by the surrounding fauna attracted to the submerged structures of aquaculture facilities or living in natural benthic habitats. Fatty acids contained in feed pellets were used as trophic markers to shed light on the assimilation and incorporation of aquaculture wastes by the invertebrate fauna associated to sea-cages. Eighteen macroinvertebrate species, and zooplankton, seaweeds and sediments were collected from two fish farms, one of which (control) had not been used as such for two years. This study demonstrates that macroinvertebrate fauna present in fouling can take up sinking organic matter from farms. Further research should be directed at assessing the potential implications of aquaculture production for the surrounding ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gonzalez-Silvera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - D Izquierdo-Gomez
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Spain.
| | - V Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Spain.
| | - F J Martínez-López
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - J A López-Jiménez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - P Sanchez-Jerez
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Spain.
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7
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Angioni A, Addis P. Characterization of the lipid fraction of wild sea urchin from the Sardinian Sea (western Mediterranean). J Food Sci 2014; 79:C155-62. [PMID: 24446805 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid (FA) composition of Spatangus purpureus, Echinus melo, Sphaerechinus granularis, and Paracentrotus lividus, sea urchins, has been studied. Sea urchins were collected at different depth along Sardinia coast in the Mediterranean sea, and their gonad was measured, separated, and analyzed for FA composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 53 FAs were detected, 16 saturated (SFA), 10 monounsaturated (MUFA), 9 polyunsaturated (PUFA), and 13 highly unsaturated (HUFA). Moreover, 5 furan FAs (FFAs) were revealed for the first time in sea urchin. The HUFA and PUFA classes were the most represented accounting for almost 80% of total FAs. Among these compounds, C20:4 n6 (19.64, 20.52, 23.37, and 8.48 mg/g, respectively) and C22:6 n3 (19.68, 20.05, 3.83, and 1.78 mg/g, respectively) were the most abundant. The results of principal component analysis indicated that the sea urchin samples could be clearly discriminated with respect to their FAs composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Angioni
- Dept. of Life and Environment Science, Univ. of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy
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Osako K, Teixeira VL. Natural Products from Marine Algae of the Genus Osmundaria(Rhodophyceae, Ceramiales). Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is a review of the natural products isolated from red marine algae of the genus Osmundaria (including Vidalia), which intends to encompass their occurrence in the species of this genus, the possible synonymies, their geographic distribution, their structural variety and their biological potential as prototypes for the pharmaceutical industry and as active principles of cosmetics. At the end, we provide a table with these natural products and their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Osako
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 24210-130
| | - Valéria Laneuville Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 24210-130
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24001-970
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Arafa S, Chouaibi M, Sadok S, El Abed A. The influence of season on the gonad index and biochemical composition of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from the Golf of Tunis. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:815935. [PMID: 22629206 PMCID: PMC3354710 DOI: 10.1100/2012/815935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal variation in the gonad weight and biochemical composition of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from the Golf of Tunis (Tunisia) were studied between September 2003 and August 2004. The highest gonad indices occurred in March (16.71%). The spawning period occurred between April and July and resulted in a fall in gonad indices to low level (7.12 ± 0.12%). Protein constituted the main component of the gonad, and lipid and carbohydrate were found at appreciable amounts. Consistent with the gonad cycle, sea urchin biochemical components showed clear seasonal variation with a significant decrease during the spawning period. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) group was found at high level (40% of the total fatty acids). Of the PUFA group, eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n − 3) and eicosatetraenoic (C20:4 n − 3) were the most abundant gonadal lipids. The level of PUFA was significantly affected by temperature variation showing an increase during the cold months and a decrease in the hot months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Arafa
- Department of Valorisation and Conservation of food product, Ecole Supérieure des Industries Alimentaires de Tunis, 58 Avenue Alain Savary, Cité El Khadhra, Tunis 1003, Tunisia. arafa
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