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Liu Q, Naganuma T. Metabolomics in sturgeon research: a mini-review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1895-1910. [PMID: 38980504 PMCID: PMC11286732 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Sturgeons are ancient fish, with 27 species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. This review first touches upon the significance of sturgeons in the context of their biological, ecological, and economic importance, highlighting their status as "living fossils" and the challenges they face in genomic research due to their diverse chromosome numbers. This review then discusses how omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) have been used in sturgeon research, which so far has only been done on Acipenser species. It focuses on metabolomics as a way to better understand how sturgeons work and how they react to their environment. Specific studies in sturgeon metabolomics are cited, showing how metabolomics has been used to investigate various aspects of sturgeon biology, such as growth, reproduction, stress responses, and nutrition. These studies demonstrate the potential of metabolomics in improving sturgeon aquaculture practices and conservation efforts. Overall, the review suggests that metabolomics, as a relatively new scientific tool, has the potential to enhance our understanding of sturgeon biology and aid in their conservation and sustainable aquaculture, contributing to global food security efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naganuma
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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Zhao M, Qin Y, Fan Y, Wang X, Yi H, Cui X, Li F, Wang W. Structural Characterization and Glycosaminoglycan Impurities Analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate from Chinese Sturgeon. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235311. [PMID: 36501703 PMCID: PMC9736423 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese sturgeon was an endangered cartilaginous fish. The success of artificial breeding has promoted it to a food fish and it is now beginning to provide a new source of cartilage for the extraction of chondroitin sulfate (CS). However, the structural characteristics of sturgeon CS from different tissues remain to be determined in more detail. In this study, CSs from the head, backbone, and fin cartilage of Chinese sturgeon were individually purified and characterized for the first time. The molecular weights, disaccharide compositions, and oligosaccharide sulfation patterns of these CSs are significantly different. Fin CS (SFCS), rich in GlcUAα1-3GalNAc(4S), has the biggest molecular weight (26.5 kDa). In contrast, head CS (SHCS) has a molecular weight of 21.0 kDa and is rich in GlcUAα1-3GalNAc(6S). Most features of backbone CS (SBCS) are between the former two. Other glycosaminoglycan impurities in these three sturgeon-derived CSs were lower than those in other common commercial CSs. All three CSs have no effect on the activity of thrombin or Factor Xa in the presence of antithrombin III. Hence, Chinese sturgeon cartilage is a potential source for the preparation of CSs with different features for food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yong Qin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haixin Yi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-532-58631406 (F.L. & W.W.); Fax: +86-532-58631405 (F.L. & W.W.)
| | - Wenshuang Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-532-58631406 (F.L. & W.W.); Fax: +86-532-58631405 (F.L. & W.W.)
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Liang X, Li W, Martyniuk CJ, Zha J, Wang Z, Cheng G, Giesy JP. Effects of dechlorane plus on the hepatic proteome of juvenile Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 148:83-91. [PMID: 24463492 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dechlorane Plus (DP), an alternative to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), is a widely used polychlorinated flame retardant that is frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems. While the mechanisms of toxicity of BDE-209 have been well documented, less is known about the toxicity of DP. In this study, juvenile Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) were treated with DP at doses of 1, 10, and 100mg/kg wet weight for 14 days via a single intraperitoneal injection (i.p.). After 14 days, liver proteomes of juvenile Chinese sturgeon were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS). A total of 39 protein spots were significantly altered in abundance (>2-fold) and of these proteins, 27 were successfully identified. Proteins related to the stress response that included heat shock cognate protein 70 and T-complex protein 1 were significantly increased and decreased in abundance, respectively. Moreover, Ras-related protein Rab-6B and GDP dissociation inhibitor 2, proteins that are involved in small G-protein signal cascades, were decreased in abundance 2- to 5-fold. Annexin A4, which is associated with Ca(2+) signaling pathways, was also markedly decreased by 2-fold in the liver. Pathway analysis of differentially regulated proteins revealed that DP interfered with metabolism and was associated with proteins related to apoptosis and cell differentiation. Based upon protein responses, we suggest that DP has effects on the generalized stress response, small G-protein signal cascades, Ca(2+) signaling pathway, and metabolic process, and may induce apoptosis in the liver. This study offers novel mechanistic insight into the protein responses induced in the liver with DP, an increasingly used and understudied flame retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada E2L 4L5
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Gang Cheng
- Key Lab for Biotechnology of National Commission for Nationalities, College of Life Science, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B3; Department of Biology & Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Harding LB, Schultz IR, Goetz GW, Luckenbach JA, Young G, Goetz FW, Swanson P. High-throughput sequencing and pathway analysis reveal alteration of the pituitary transcriptome by 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in female coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 142-143:146-163. [PMID: 24007788 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research has been done on the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproduction and gene expression in the brain, liver and gonads of teleost fish, but information on impacts to the pituitary gland are still limited despite its central role in regulating reproduction. The aim of this study was to further our understanding of the potential effects of natural and synthetic estrogens on the brain-pituitary-gonad axis in fish by determining the effects of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) on the pituitary transcriptome. We exposed sub-adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to 0 or 12 ng EE2/L for up to 6 weeks and effects on the pituitary transcriptome of females were assessed using high-throughput Illumina(®) sequencing, RNA-Seq and pathway analysis. After 1 or 6 weeks, 218 and 670 contiguous sequences (contigs) respectively, were differentially expressed in pituitaries of EE2-exposed fish relative to control. Two of the most highly up- and down-regulated contigs were luteinizing hormone β subunit (241-fold and 395-fold at 1 and 6 weeks, respectively) and follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit (-3.4-fold at 6 weeks). Additional contigs related to gonadotropin synthesis and release were differentially expressed in EE2-exposed fish relative to controls. These included contigs involved in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) and transforming growth factor-β signaling. There was an over-representation of significantly affected contigs in 33 and 18 canonical pathways at 1 and 6 weeks, respectively, including circadian rhythm signaling, calcium signaling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling, PPARα/retinoid x receptor α activation, and netrin signaling. Network analysis identified potential interactions between genes involved in circadian rhythm and GNRH signaling, suggesting possible effects of EE2 on timing of reproductive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa B Harding
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Zhao T, Zhou Y, Mao G, Zou Y, Zhao J, Bai S, Yang L, Wu X. Extraction, purification and characterisation of chondroitin sulfate in Chinese sturgeon cartilage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:1633-1640. [PMID: 23288809 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), a rare species, is an important fishery resource in China. To save this species from overfishing, damming and pollution, artificial propagation has been developed rapidly in recent years. However, the cartilage from Chinese sturgeon, which contains an abundance of chondroitin sulfate (CS), is currently discarded as solid waste after consumption of the fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction, purification and characterisation of CS from Chinese sturgeon cartilage. RESULTS The optimal extraction parameters were a ratio of aqueous NaOH to cartilage powder of 9.2, a concentration of aqueous NaOH of 4.4% and an extraction time of 3.9 h. Under these optimal conditions the yield of crude CS from Chinese sturgeon cartilage was 26.51%, in agreement with the model prediction (26.54%). Purification by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography yielded a single fraction, CS-11. Its characterisation indicated that CS-11 was consistent with the polysaccharide backbone structure -4GlcAβ-3GalNβ- and was present in the form of chondroitin-4-sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide a basis for promoting the utilisation of Chinese sturgeon resources and are significant for the development and utilisation of CS from Chinese sturgeon cartilage in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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