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Perea MF, Fernández EA, Garzón JP, Rosales CA, Hernández-Fonseca H, Perdomo DA, Perea FP. The moon cycle influences reproductive and productive traits in guinea pigs ( Cavia porcellus) from a tropical Andean area. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:127-136. [PMID: 38093623 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2294044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
There is currently innumerable evidence showing that the lunar cycle affects various reproductive aspects in farm animals. However, there is very little information on the effect of the lunar cycle on productive traits in these species. A retrospective study was conducted (2015-2018) to evaluate the influence of the lunar cycle on some reproductive and productive traits in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) production system in the southern Andean region of Ecuador. A total of 7352 productive and reproductive records of guinea pig females housed in 3 m2 cages with a breeding male were analyzed. The following variables were considered: offspring sex ratio, litter size per cage, number of weaned guinea pigs, mortality, individual and litter weaning weight of guinea pigs, and calving frequency. The lunar cycle was split into eight periods of ~3.7-d length each. Data were analyzed by logistic regression and general linear model, and means were compared by the least mean squares method of the SAS. The offspring sex ratio was not correlated to the lunar cycle. The lunar cycle at mating and calving influenced the litter size per cage, number of weaned, and mortality of guinea pigs. The individual and litter-weaning weights were influenced by the lunar cycle at calving. The frequency of calving was greater around the new and full moon than in the remaining periods of the lunar cycle. In conclusion, the lunar cycle influenced several productive and reproductive traits in guinea pigs, such as litter size, mortality, number of pups weaned, and individual and litter weaning weights. This valuable information may have practical applications in management of guinea pig production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F Perea
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Escuela de Biología, Ecología y Gestión, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Estefanía A Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Garzón
- Estación Experimental del Austro, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Azuay, Ecuador
| | - Cornelio A Rosales
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Hugo Hernández-Fonseca
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, West Indies
| | - Daniel A Perdomo
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Los Andes, Trujillo, Venezuela
| | - Fernando P Perea
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Los Andes, Trujillo, Venezuela
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2
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Lopes ACC, de Mattos BO, Marcon JL, Vera LM, López-Olmeda JF, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, Carvalho TB. Does exposure to moonlight affect day/night changes in melatonin and metabolic parameters in Amazonian fish? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 284:111489. [PMID: 37474098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Lunar cycle modulates the rhythmic activity patterns of many animals, including fish. The effect of the moonlight cycle on daily melatonin and metabolic parameters was evaluated in matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) subjected to external natural lighting. Eighty juvenile were distributed in 4 tanks of 1m3 (20 fish/tank) and divided into two groups. One group was exposed to the full moon and the other group to the new moon for 30 days, which corresponds to the duration of the lunar period. At the end of the lunar phase, 6 fish from each group were anesthetized to collect blood, tissue and eye samples at midday and midnight. The comparison between the light and dark periods revealed a significant increase in plasma and ocular melatonin in the last period. However, there was no significant difference for plasma melatonin between moons. Ocular melatonin presented higher concentrations during the new moon. Glucose, total proteins, cortisol, liver glutathione and gill lipid peroxidation were higher in the full moon compared to in the new moon. Plasma triglyceride was higher during the night for the full moon, and the opposite was found for the new moon. Total cholesterol values were higher at night regardless the moon phase. Glutathione in the gills and lipid peroxidation in the liver showed no significant differences. These results highlight the importance of considering both the day and lunar cycles for melatonin and metabolic parameters in species of commercial interest and susceptible to stressful situations in rearing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Olivetti de Mattos
- Laboratory of Feeding Behavior and Fish Nutrition, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental and Biological, Campus Cruz das Almas, Federal University of Recôncavo Bahia (UFRB), 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Jaydione Luiz Marcon
- Postgraduate Program in Zoology, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), 69080-900, Amazonas, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), 69080-900, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Luisa María Vera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Fernando López-Olmeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Thaís Billalba Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Zoology, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), 69080-900, Amazonas, Brazil; Laboratory of Feeding Behavior and Fish Nutrition, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental and Biological, Campus Cruz das Almas, Federal University of Recôncavo Bahia (UFRB), 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil
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Zhang J, Li F, Zhang X, Xie T, Qin H, Lv J, Gao Y, Li M, Gao Y, Jia Y. Melatonin Improves Turbot Oocyte Meiotic Maturation and Antioxidant Capacity, Inhibits Apoptosis-Related Genes mRNAs In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1389. [PMID: 37507927 PMCID: PMC10376768 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-quality eggs are essential for the sustainability of commercial aquaculture production. Melatonin is a potent candidate for regulating the growth and maturation of oocytes. Therefore, research on the effect of melatonin on marine fish oocytes in vitro has been conducted. The present study successfully established a culture system of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) oocytes in vitro and investigated the effect of melatonin on oocyte meiotic maturation, antioxidant capacity, and the expression of apoptosis-related genes. The cultures showed that turbot Scophthalmus maximus late-vitellogenic denuded oocytes, with diameters of 0.5-0.7 mm, had a low spontaneous maturation rate and exhibited a sensitive response to 17α, 20β-dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP) treatment in vitro. Melatonin increased by four times the rate of oocyte germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The mRNA of melatonin receptor 1 (mtnr1) was significantly upregulated in the oocyte and follicle after treatment with melatonin (4.3 × 10-9 M) for 24 h in vitro, whereas melatonin receptor 2 (mtnr2) and melatonin receptor 3 (mtnr3) remained unchanged. In addition, melatonin significantly increased the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as the levels of glutathione, while decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in turbot oocytes and follicles cultures in vitro. p53, caspase3, and bax mRNAs were significantly downregulated in oocytes and follicles, whereas bcl2 mRNAs were significantly upregulated. In conclusion, the use of turbot late-vitellogenesis oocytes (0.5-0.7 mm) is suitable for establishing a culture system in vitro. Melatonin promotes oocyte meiotic maturation and antioxidative capacity and inhibits apoptosis via the p53-bax-bcl2 and caspase-dependent pathways, which have important potential to improve the maturation and quality of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Feixia Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hongyu Qin
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Junxian Lv
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yunhong Gao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuntao Gao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yudong Jia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Kim HJ, Kim NN, Han J, Park HS, Kang DH, Choi YU. Reproductive condition of the black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera during the lunar phase. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:302-309. [PMID: 36650734 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the relationship between the lunar phase and the reproductive cycle of Pinctada margaritifera inhabiting Weno Island, Chuuk Lagoon, Micronesia. We measured indicators of maturity (gonadosomatic index [GSI] and sexual maturation-related genes) and investigated changes in the gonadal maturity stages (GMS) of P. margaritifera over lunar cycle. GSI was higher around the full moon. GMS of P. margaritifera were classified as the early gametogenesis stage, ripe and spawning stage, and spent and degenerating stage. A large percentage of oysters was observed in the ripe and spawning stage at the first quarter moon in female and the full moon in male as well as in the spent and degenerating stages at the third quarter moon in both sexes. In addition, the expression of doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor 2 (DMRT2) in the male P. margaritifera black-lip pearl oyster was the highest during the full and third quarter moon phases, whereas no difference in expression was observed with the lunar phase in females. In contrast, the expression of vitellogenin (VTG) was the highest in female P. margaritifera during the first and third quarters. No difference in expression was observed according to the lunar phase in males. The results suggest that the lunar phase directly affects the expression of sexually mature gonads in P. margaritifera black-lip pearl oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Kim
- Marine Bio-Resources Research Unit, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Na Kim
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Marine Bio-Resources Research Unit, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Park
- Research Project Development, Korea Institute of Ocean & Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean & Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Korea
| | - Young-Ung Choi
- Marine Bio-Resources Research Unit, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea
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Lorrain-Soligon L, Secondi J. Quantification of underwater calling and foraging activities in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aquatic anuran species are difficult to detect and observe and this is a major limit to the study of their behaviour and ecology. This habit limits the direct monitoring of sexual and foraging activity, and the investigation of how environmental factors influence their expression as well as how individuals allocate time between competing activities. We investigated this issue in Xenopus laevis, a mostly aquatic frog that forages and emits calls underwater. This model species in biology has been extensively studied in the lab but its behaviour in nature remains poorly described. We carried out a study in a pond during the breeding season in the French invasive range. We recorded underwater vocal activity as a proxy for sexual activity using a hydrophone, set food-baited traps to quantify foraging activity, and recorded environmental conditions (moonlight intensity, temperature and rainfall) over two lunar cycles. We found that individuals engage in these two activities during the breeding season. At the peak of the breeding period, vocal activity was expressed during the day. The investment in reproduction (calling activity) may reduce the time allocated to foraging on a circadian scale. The two activities seem to be partitioned depending on moonlight intensity, with a stronger effect on males. Foraging activity decreased and vocal activity increased when moonlight intensity increased. We also observed a negative effect of temperature and a positive effect of rainfall on vocal activity only. Our method is promising to monitor the activity of other aquatic anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Lorrain-Soligon
- Faculté des Sciences, Univ Angers, 2 Bd de Lavoisier, 49000 Angers, France
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC UMR 7372 CNRS – La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Jean Secondi
- Faculté des Sciences, Univ Angers, 2 Bd de Lavoisier, 49000 Angers, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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6
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Butler GL, Davis TR, Brooks SG, Bowen C, Cameron LM, Rowland SJ, Smith D, St Vincent Welch J, Carpenter-Bundhoo L. Combining bio-telemetry and underwater imagery to elucidate the reproductive behaviour of a large, long-lived Australian freshwater teleost. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115298. [PMID: 35617858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Murray cod Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell) have a key ecological role in ensuring the health of Australia's largest inland waterway, but many aspects surrounding its reproductive strategies in the wild are unknown. From 2015 to 2019 within the Northern Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, we used a combination of bio-telemetry and underwater imagery to quantify the behaviour of Murray cod across their breeding cycle in a natural riverine environment. In most years, breeding behaviour including nest site selection was observed from early-August and spawning from late-August through to late-October, which is considerably earlier than previously reported. There was a positive correlation between the onset of breeding behaviour and week-of-year, and spawning was correlated with moon-phase. Whilst some nesting sites were amongst woody debris and in hollow logs, the majority were located in shallow water on hard substrate underneath undercuts along the riverbank edge. Nests were frequently established in isolated and disconnected pools with little or no measurable flow, suggesting that river hydraulics is not a key component driving spawning of Murray cod across at least some areas of its range. Larvae were observed actively swimming and controlling their position within and near nests and used a scatter tactic when dispersing. We also established that disturbing nesting Murray cod had a negative impact on egg and larval survival. We suggest a review of current regulations to safeguard the long-term conservation of the species across all sections of its range.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Butler
- NSW Department of Primary Industries (Fisheries), Grafton, NSW, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Qld, 4111, Australia.
| | - T R Davis
- NSW Department of Primary Industries (Fisheries), Grafton, NSW, Australia
| | - S G Brooks
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - C Bowen
- NSW Department of Primary Industries (Fisheries), Grafton, NSW, Australia
| | - L M Cameron
- NSW Department of Primary Industries (Fisheries), Grafton, NSW, Australia
| | - S J Rowland
- NSW Department of Primary Industries (Fisheries), Grafton, NSW, Australia
| | - D Smith
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - J St Vincent Welch
- NSW Department of Primary Industries (Fisheries), Grafton, NSW, Australia
| | - L Carpenter-Bundhoo
- NSW Department of Primary Industries (Fisheries), Grafton, NSW, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Qld, 4111, Australia
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Alba G, Carrillo S, Sánchez‐Vázquez FJ, López‐Olmeda JF. Combined blue light and daily thermocycles enhance zebrafish growth and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A: ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:501-515. [PMID: 35189038 PMCID: PMC9303188 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Alba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Sherezade Carrillo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez‐Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - José Fernando López‐Olmeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Murcia Spain
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Fukunaga K, Takeuchi Y, Yamauchi C, Takemura A. Induction of spawning under artificial moonlight in the honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra, a lunar-synchronized spawner. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2046416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Fukunaga
- Center for Strategic Research Project, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School, Okinawa, Japan
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9
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Hyeon JY, Byun JH, Kim ES, Heo YS, Fukunaga K, Kim SK, Imamura S, Kim SJ, Takemura A, Hur SP. Testis development in the Japanese eel is affected by photic signals through melatonin secretion. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12289. [PMID: 34721978 PMCID: PMC8522646 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective According to reported spawning characteristics of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, which exhibit spawning and migration patterns that are synchronized with lunar cycles and photoperiod, we hypothesized that a close association exists between specific photic signals (daylight, daylength, and moonlight) and endocrinological regulation. Given the photic control in melatonin secretion, this hypothesis was tested by investigating whether melatonin signals act as mediators relaying photic signals during testis development in the eel. Methods We examined changes in melatonin-secretion patterns using time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays in sexually immature and mature male Japanese eels under the condition of a new moon (NM) and a full moon (FM). Results The eye and plasma melatonin levels exhibited a nocturnal pattern under a 12-h light: dark cycle (12L12D) or under constant darkness (DD), but not with constant light (LL). Eye melatonin levels were similar under the 12L12D and short-day (9L15D) conditions. In the long-day condition (15L9D), secreted plasma melatonin levels were stable, whereas short-day melatonin secretion began when darkness commenced. Sexual maturation began at 8 weeks following intraperitoneal injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and NM exposure led to significantly higher eye and plasma melatonin levels compared with those detected under FM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Hyeon
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Byun
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Eun-Su Kim
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seong Heo
- LED-Marine Biology Convergence Technology Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kodai Fukunaga
- Center for Strategic Research Project, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shin-Kwon Kim
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Satoshi Imamura
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Se-Jae Kim
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihiro Takemura
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sung-Pyo Hur
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Alberghina D, Gioè M, Quartuccio M, Liotta L. The influence of lunar cycle at the time of conception on sex offspring distribution in dogs. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1517-1521. [PMID: 34082624 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1933001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of seasonal variation and lunar cycles on reproductive parameters in dogs is unknown. Lunar cycles have important effects on several biological events. Controversy exists about the influence of lunar cycles on offspring sex ratio. This study examined the sex offspring distribution of 973 puppies (48% females and 52% males) from 150 bitches in Italy between 2015 and 2020. A two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc t-test (Bonferroni correction) was used to analyze the influence of season and lunar phase on offspring sex ratio at conception. Sex offspring distribution was not affected by season, whereas lunar phase had a significant effect (p< .05). During the new moon, the proportion of male puppies born was significantly lower than during the full moon phase (p < .05). We conclude that season had no effect on sex offspring distribution. The new moon phase at conception appeared to be related to a lower male sex ratio at birth. Further studies assessing additional factors will help provide a better understanding of the lunar cycle differences observed in the sex ratio distribution of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Alberghina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mauro Gioè
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Quartuccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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11
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Bottalico LN, Weljie AM. Cross-species physiological interactions of endocrine disrupting chemicals with the circadian clock. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 301:113650. [PMID: 33166531 PMCID: PMC7993548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are endocrine-active chemical pollutants that disrupt reproductive, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular and metabolic health across species. The circadian clock is a transcriptional oscillator responsible for entraining 24-hour rhythms of physiology, behavior and metabolism. Extensive bidirectional cross talk exists between circadian and endocrine systems and circadian rhythmicity is present at all levels of endocrine control, from synthesis and release of hormones, to sensitivity of target tissues to hormone action. In mammals, a range of hormones directly alter clock gene expression and circadian physiology via nuclear receptor (NR) binding and subsequent genomic action, modulating physiological processes such as nutrient and energy metabolism, stress response, reproductive physiology and circadian behavioral rhythms. The potential for EDCs to perturb circadian clocks or circadian-driven physiology is not well characterized. For this reason, we explore evidence for parallel endocrine and circadian disruption following EDC exposure across species. In the reviewed studies, EDCs dysregulated core clock and circadian rhythm network gene expression in brain and peripheral organs, and altered circadian reproductive, behavioral and metabolic rhythms. Circadian impacts occurred in parallel to endocrine and metabolic alterations such as impaired fertility and dysregulated metabolic and energetic homeostasis. Further research is warranted to understand the nature of interaction between circadian and endocrine systems in mediating physiological effects of EDC exposure at environmental levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Bottalico
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Aguirre AA, Palomares RA, De Ondiz AD, Soto ER, Perea MS, Hernández-Fonseca HJ, Perea FP. Lunar Cycle Influences Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Brahman Cows Under Tropical Conditions. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:160-168. [PMID: 33446001 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420983638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has accumulated over the years indicating that the moon influences some aspects of the reproductive activity in animals and humans. However, little is known about the influence of the lunar cycle on the reproductive performance of cows under tropical conditions, where the environment strongly affects reproduction. This retrospective study was conducted with the aim of assessing the influence of the lunar cycle on some reproductive traits of tropical crossbred cows managed in a pasture-based system. Data from 5869 reproductive records from two commercial farms localized in the Maracaibo Lake Basin of Zulia State, Venezuela, were analyzed. Variables studied were first service conception rate, calving frequency, first postpartum estrous frequency, and pregnancy frequency. In addition to the lunar cycle, the effects of farm, season, and predominant breed were also considered. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and general linear model from SAS. First service conception was affected by lunar phases and predominant breed, but not by farm or season. For frequencies of calving, first postpartum estrus, and pregnancy, there was no main effect of farm, season, and predominant breed, whereas the effect of lunar phases was highly significant. First service conception was significantly greater in waning than in crescent phase of the lunar cycle. Frequencies of calving, first estrus, and pregnancy were highly correlated and showed greater figures around full moon and new moon. In conclusion, lunar cycle influenced first service conception, attaining greater values in the waning phase of the moon cycle. Frequencies of calving, first postpartum estrus, and pregnancy in crossbred cows showed a clear bimodal rhythm, whose greatest values coincided with new moon and full moon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto A Palomares
- Group for Reproduction in Animals, Vaccinology and Infectious Diseases (GRAVID), Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Aitor D De Ondiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Eleazar R Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | | | - Hugo J Hernández-Fonseca
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Fernando P Perea
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Los Andes, Trujillo, Venezuela
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Wang RR, Hao Y, Chen J, Wang MQ, Zheng RY, Shi LS, He J. Sex differences in the effects of the moon on ischemic stroke incidence: new findings from Beijing, China. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:935-945. [PMID: 32654529 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1696811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in China, and no therapies have proven effective to prevent it. Popular belief holds that the lunar cycle affects human physiology, behavior, and health. The aim of our study is to determine whether the lunar cycle impacts the incidence of stroke subtypes [intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke (IS)]. We retrospectively extracted the discharge registry data of all patients with first-ever acute stroke hospitalized in the affiliated hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine during 2002-2015. The onset times of stroke were assigned to four primary lunar phases based on NASA definitions. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between the lunar cycle and stroke incidence with adjustment for age, sex and season. A total of 5,965 patients with stroke (4,909 admissions for ischemic stroke IS, 754 admissions for ICH, and 302 admissions for TIA) were evaluated in our study. Subgroup analysis indicated that the admission rates of different sexes for IS tended to have opposite variation during the four moon phases. More female patients were admitted during the new moon than in the first and third quarters, while fewer male patients were admitted during the new moon than in the first and third quarters (χ2 = 15.589, P = .001). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that men were more likely to be admitted for IS in the first quarter than during the new moon (odds ratio [OR] = 1.252, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.076-1.456) (P = .004), and a corresponding trend was also identified for the third quarter (OR = 1.235, 95% CI = 1.062-1.437) (P = .006). No significant gender differences were shown in ICH or TIA. No sex difference is obvious during the full moon. Moon phases seem to affect both genders, but in very different ways. It seems that the new moon is a protective factor for male ischemic stroke patients and a risk factor for female ones. Woman tends to be more vulnerable than ever at the new moon, so deserves more attention and care. The mechanisms underlying this observation are worth studying further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Qi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Yun Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Sheng Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Juan He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
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14
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Kupprat F, Hölker F, Kloas W. Can skyglow reduce nocturnal melatonin concentrations in Eurasian perch? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114324. [PMID: 32179225 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) changes the natural rhythm of light and darkness and can impair the biorhythms of animals, for example the nocturnal melatonin production of vertebrates, which serves as a proxy for daily physiological rhythms. Freshwater fish are exposed to ALAN in large urban and suburban areas in the form of direct light or in the form of skyglow, a diffuse brightening of the night sky through the scattered light reflected by clouds, atmospheric molecules, and particles in the air. However, investigations on the sensitivity of melatonin production of fish towards low intensities of ALAN in the range of typical skyglow are rare. Therefore, we exposed Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) to nocturnal illumination levels of 0.01 lx, 0.1 lx and 1 lx and a control group with dark nights and daylight intensities of 2900 lx in all groups. After ten days of exposure to the experimental conditions, tank water was non-invasively sampled every 3 h over a 24 h period and melatonin was measured by ELISA. Melatonin was gradually reduced in all treatments with increasing intensity of ALAN whereas rhythmicity was maintained in all treatment groups although at 1 lx not all evaluated parameters confirmed rhythmicity. These results show a high sensitivity of Eurasian perch towards ALAN indicating that low light intensities of 0.01 lx and 0.1 lx as they occur in urban and suburban areas in the form of skyglow can affect the physiology of Eurasian perch. Furthermore, we highlight how this may impact perch in their sensitivity towards lunar rhythms and the role of skyglow for biorhythms of temperate freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kupprat
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Invalidenstr. 42, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franz Hölker
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Invalidenstr. 42, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Wang RR, Hao Y, Guo H, Wang MQ, Han L, Zheng RY, He J, Wang ZR. Lunar cycle and psychiatric hospital admissions for schizophrenia: new findings from Henan province, China. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:438-449. [PMID: 32252567 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1625054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of psychiatry, The Psychiatric Hospital of Zhumadian, Zhumadian City, Henan province, China
| | - Meng-Qi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Yun Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Juan He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Wang
- Psychiatry research center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
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Saha S, Singh KM, Gupta BBP. Circadian rhythm of expression of core clock genes in the photosensitive pineal organ of catfish, Clarias gariepinus under different photoperiodic regimes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1728922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Saha
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Kshetrimayum Manisana Singh
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Braj Bansh Prasad Gupta
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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17
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Walsh J, Clucas GV, MacManes MD, Thomas WK, Kovach AI. Divergent selection and drift shape the genomes of two avian sister species spanning a saline-freshwater ecotone. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13477-13494. [PMID: 31871659 PMCID: PMC6912898 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of species divergence due to ecologically based divergent selection-or ecological speciation-in generating and maintaining biodiversity is a central question in evolutionary biology. Comparison of the genomes of phylogenetically related taxa spanning a selective habitat gradient enables discovery of divergent signatures of selection and thereby provides valuable insight into the role of divergent ecological selection in speciation. Tidal marsh ecosystems provide tractable opportunities for studying organisms' adaptations to selective pressures that underlie ecological divergence. Sharp environmental gradients across the saline-freshwater ecotone within tidal marshes present extreme adaptive challenges to terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we sequence 20 whole genomes of two avian sister species endemic to tidal marshes-the saltmarsh sparrow (Ammospiza caudacutus) and Nelson's sparrow (A. nelsoni)-to evaluate the influence of selective and demographic processes in shaping genome-wide patterns of divergence. Genome-wide divergence between these two recently diverged sister species was notably high (genome-wide F ST = 0.32). Against a background of high genome-wide divergence, regions of elevated divergence were widespread throughout the genome, as opposed to focused within islands of differentiation. These patterns may be the result of genetic drift resulting from past tidal march colonization events in conjunction with divergent selection to different environments. We identified several candidate genes that exhibited elevated divergence between saltmarsh and Nelson's sparrows, including genes linked to osmotic regulation, circadian rhythm, and plumage melanism-all putative candidates linked to adaptation to tidal marsh environments. These findings provide new insights into the roles of divergent selection and genetic drift in generating and maintaining biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Walsh
- Department of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
- Fuller Evolutionary Biology ProgramCornell Laboratory of OrnithologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Gemma V. Clucas
- Department of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
- Present address:
Cornell Lab of OrnithologyIthacaNYUSA
| | - Matthew D. MacManes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
- Hubbard Center for Genome StudiesDurhamNHUSA
| | - W. Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
- Hubbard Center for Genome StudiesDurhamNHUSA
| | - Adrienne I. Kovach
- Department of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
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Fukunaga K, Yamashina F, Ohta N, Mizuno H, Takeuchi Y, Yamauchi C, Takemura A. Involvement of melatonin in transducing moon-related signals into the reproductive network of the female honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 282:113211. [PMID: 31238075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most groupers (genus Epinephelus) inhabiting tropical and subtropical waters exhibit lunar-related reproductive cycles. Their gametes develop synchronously toward and are released around the species-selected moon phase. Periodical changes in cues from the moon are likely used as zeitgeber, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis may be activated after cues are perceived by the sensory organ and transduced as internal signals. The objective of this study was to examine weekly changes in mRNA expression profiles of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (gnrh1 and gnrh2) and the β-subunit of gonadotropins (fshβ and lhβ) during the spawning season (May to June) of the female honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra, which spawns around the full moon period. When mature females were collected based on the lunar cycle, the gonadosomatic index peaked around the full moon. Ovarian histology revealed that oocytes laden with yolk developed toward the full moon and, subsequently, ovulatory follicles appeared around the last quarter moon, confirming lunar-related spawning with a full moon preference. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed high abundances of fshβ and lhβ toward the first quarter moon, whereas concentrations of gnrh1 and gnrh2 increased around the last quarter moon and the first quarter moon, respectively, suggesting that transcription levels of these hormones fluctuate with the lunar cycle. The measurement of melatonin in the eye around the new moon and the full moon revealed that the ocular melatonin content was higher around the new moon than around the full moon, suggesting that the honeycomb grouper can perceive changes in moonlight. In addition, implantation of an osmotic pump containing melatonin into the body cavity of E. merra reduced the transcription levels of gonadotropins, suggesting that melatonin negatively affects hormonal synthesis at the HPG axis. We concluded that melatonin plays an essential role in transducing periodical changes in moonlight and that decreases in melatonin levels from the new moon to the full moon activate the HPG axis for entrainment of gonadal development and spawning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Fukunaga
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Fumika Yamashina
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ohta
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Mizuno
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yamauchi
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takemura
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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Saha S, Singh KM, Gupta BBP. Melatonin synthesis and clock gene regulation in the pineal organ of teleost fish compared to mammals: Similarities and differences. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 279:27-34. [PMID: 30026020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pineal organ of all vertebrates synthesizes and secretes melatonin in a rhythmic manner due to the circadian rhythm in the activity of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) - the rate-limiting enzyme in melatonin synthesis pathway. Nighttime increase in AANAT activity and melatonin synthesis depends on increased expression of aanat gene (a clock-controlled gene) and/or post-translation modification of AANAT protein. In mammalian and avian species, only one aanat gene is expressed. However, three aanat genes (aanat1a, aanat1b, and aanat2) are reported in fish species. While aanat1a and aanat1b genes are expressed in the fish retina, the nervous system and other peripheral tissues, aanat2 gene is expressed exclusively in the fish pineal organ. Clock genes form molecular components of the clockwork, which regulates clock-controlled genes like aanat gene. All core clock genes (i.e., clock, bmal1, per1, per2, per3, cry1 and cry2) and aanat2 gene (a clock-controlled gene) are expressed in the pineal organ of several fish species. There is a large body of information on regulation of clock genes, aanat gene and melatonin synthesis in the mammalian pineal gland. However, the information available on clock genes, aanat genes and melatonin synthesis in photoreceptive pineal organ of teleosts is fragmentary and not well documented. Therefore, we have reviewed published information on rhythmic expression of clock genes, aanat genes as well as synthesis of melatonin, and their regulation by photoperiod and temperature in teleostean pineal organ as compared to mammalian pineal gland. A critical analysis of the literature suggests that in contrast to the mammalian pineal gland, the pineal organ of teleosts (except salmonids) possesses a well developed indigenous clock composed of clock genes for regulation of rhythmic expression of aanat2 gene and melatonin synthesis. Further, the fish pineal organ also possesses essential molecular components for responding to light and temperature directly. The fish pineal organ seems to act as a potential master biological clock in most of the teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Saha
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Kshetrimayum Manisana Singh
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Braj Bansh Prasad Gupta
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Chakraborty
- Life Science Division, Moulasole R.B. High School, Moulasole, Bankura, West Bengal, India
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21
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Saha S, Manisana Singh K, Gupta BBP. Season-dependent differential effect of temperature on diurnal rhythm of expression of core clock genes in the pineal organ of an air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1525139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Saha
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Kshetrimayum Manisana Singh
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Braj Bansh Prasad Gupta
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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22
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viviD D, Bentley GE. Seasonal Reproduction in Vertebrates: Melatonin Synthesis, Binding, and Functionality Using Tinbergen's Four Questions. Molecules 2018; 23:E652. [PMID: 29534047 PMCID: PMC6017951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the many functions of melatonin in vertebrates is seasonal reproductive timing. Longer nights in winter correspond to an extended duration of melatonin secretion. The purpose of this review is to discuss melatonin synthesis, receptor subtypes, and function in the context of seasonality across vertebrates. We conclude with Tinbergen's Four Questions to create a comparative framework for future melatonin research in the context of seasonal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dax viviD
- Berkeley Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - George E Bentley
- Berkeley Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Cowan M, Azpeleta C, López-Olmeda JF. Rhythms in the endocrine system of fish: a review. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 187:1057-1089. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rosenberg Y, Doniger T, Harii S, Sinniger F, Levy O. Canonical and cellular pathways timing gamete release in Acropora digitifera, Okinawa, Japan. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2698-2710. [PMID: 28214372 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural light cycles are important for synchronizing behavioural and physiological rhythms over varying time periods in both plants and animals. An endogenous clock, regulated by positive and negative elements, interacting in feedback loops controls these rhythms. Many corals exhibit diel cycles of polyp expansion and contraction entrained by solar light patterns and monthly cycles of spawning or planulation that correspond to nocturnal lunar light cycles. However, despite considerable interest in studies of coral reproduction, there is currently not enough molecular information about the cellular pathways involved with synchronizing spawning/planulation in broadcast spawners and brooders. To determine whether the endogenous clock is implicated in the regulation of reproductive behaviour in corals, we characterized the transcriptome of Acropora digitifera colonies at twelve time points over a 2-month period of full and new moons, starting with the day of spawning in June 2014. We identified 608 transcripts with differential expression only on the spawning night during the coral setting phase and gamete release. Our data revealed an upregulation of light-sensing molecules and rhodopsin-like receptors that initiate signalling cascades, including the glutamate, SMAD signalling and WNT signalling pathways, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions and calcium signalling. These are all involved in cell cycling, cell movement, tissue polarity, focal adhesion and cytoskeleton reorganization and together lead to gamete release. These findings can improve the understanding of many time-based cycles and extend our knowledge of the interplay between exogenous signals and the endogenous clock in cnidarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rosenberg
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - T Doniger
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - S Harii
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa, 905-0227, Japan
| | - F Sinniger
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa, 905-0227, Japan
| | - O Levy
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
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25
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Choi JY, Kim NN, Choi YU, Choi CY. Changes in circadian parameters of humbug damselfish, Dascyllus aruanus according to lunar phase shifts in Micronesia. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1275395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yong Choi
- Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Na Kim
- Marine Ecosystem and Biological Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ung Choi
- Marine Ecosystem and Biological Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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26
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Abecia JA, Arrébola F, Palacios C. Offspring sex ratio in sheep, cattle, goats and pigs: influence of season and lunar phase at conception. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1268325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José-Alfonso Abecia
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Palacios
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Ambientales, Dept. Construcción y Agronomía, Salamanca, Spain
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Brady AK, Willis BL, Harder LD, Vize PD. Lunar Phase Modulates Circadian Gene Expression Cycles in the Broadcast Spawning Coral Acropora millepora. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2016; 230:130-142. [PMID: 27132135 DOI: 10.1086/bblv230n2p130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many broadcast spawning corals in multiple reef regions release their gametes with incredible temporal precision just once per year, using the lunar cycle to set the night of spawning. Moonlight, rather than tides or other lunar-regulated processes, is thought to be the proximate factor responsible for linking the night of spawning to the phase of the Moon. We compared patterns of gene expression among colonies of the broadcast spawning coral Acropora millepora at different phases of the lunar cycle, and when they were maintained under one of three experimentally simulated lunar lighting treatments: i) lunar lighting conditions matching those on the reef, or lunar patterns mimicking either ii) constant full Moon conditions, or iii) constant new Moon conditions. Normal lunar illumination was found to shift both the level and timing of clock gene transcription cycles between new and full moons, with the peak hour of expression for a number of genes occurring earlier in the evening under a new Moon when compared to a full Moon. When the normal lunar cycle is replaced with nighttime patterns equivalent to either a full Moon or a new Moon every evening, the normal monthlong changes in the level of expression are destroyed for most genes. In combination, these results indicate that daily changes in moonlight that occur over the lunar cycle are essential for maintaining normal lunar periodicity of clock gene transcription, and this may play a role in regulating spawn timing. These data also show that low levels of light pollution may have an impact on coral biological clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling K Brady
- Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; and
| | - Bette L Willis
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Lawrence D Harder
- Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; and
| | - Peter D Vize
- Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; and
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Reinberg A, Smolensky MH, Touitou Y. The full moon as a synchronizer of circa-monthly biological rhythms: Chronobiologic perspectives based on multidisciplinary naturalistic research. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:465-79. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1157083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Reinberg
- Unité de Chronobiologie, Fondation A de Rothschild, Paris cedex 19, France
| | - Michael H. Smolensky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Yvan Touitou
- Unité de Chronobiologie, Fondation A de Rothschild, Paris cedex 19, France
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Brüning A, Hölker F, Franke S, Preuer T, Kloas W. Spotlight on fish: light pollution affects circadian rhythms of European perch but does not cause stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:516-22. [PMID: 25577738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Flora and fauna evolved under natural day and night cycles. However, natural light is now enhanced by artificial light at night, particularly in urban areas. This alteration of natural light environments during the night is hypothesised to alter biological rhythms in fish, by effecting night-time production of the hormone melatonin. Artificial light at night is also expected to increase the stress level of fish, resulting in higher cortisol production. In laboratory experiments, European perch (Perca fluviatilis) were exposed to four different light intensities during the night, 0 lx (control), 1 lx (potential light level in urban waters), 10 lx (typical street lighting at night) and 100 lx. Melatonin and cortisol concentrations were measured from water samples every 3h during a 24 hour period. This study revealed that the nocturnal increase in melatonin production was inhibited even at the lowest light level of 1 lx. However, cortisol levels did not differ between control and treatment illumination levels. We conclude that artificial light at night at very low intensities may disturb biological rhythms in fish since nocturnal light levels around 1 lx are already found in urban waters. However, enhanced stress induction could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Brüning
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franz Hölker
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Steffen Franke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Torsten Preuer
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
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Raible F, Falciatore A. It's about time: rhythms as a new dimension of molecular marine research. Mar Genomics 2014; 14:1-2. [PMID: 24952925 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Raible
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories and Research Platform "Marine Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology UMR 7238CNRS-UPMC, F-75006 Paris, France.
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