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Jin X, Yin X, Ling L, Mao H, Dong X, Chang X, Chen M, Fang S. Adding glucose delays the conversion of ethanol and acetic acid to caproic acid in Lacrimispora celerecrescens JSJ-1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1453-1463. [PMID: 36703009 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Caproic acid is an important fatty acid with diverse applications. In this study, the biomass growth and metabolites of Lacrimispora celerecrescens JSJ-1 were investigated under different carbon sources (ethanol, starch, sucrose, and glucose), with a focus on the effect of the coexistence of glucose and ethanol on the synthesis of caproic acid. The results showed that starch, glucose, and sucrose all contributed to the biomass of L. celerecrescens JSJ-1. Under the three carbon sources, L. celerecrescens JSJ-1 produced acetic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, ethanol, and butanol, but caproic acid was not produced. Ethanol was the optimal substrate for the production of caproic acid. When glucose and ethanol coexisted, the generation time of caproic acid was delayed compared with that in ethanol sodium acetate medium (ES medium). This was because glucose was preferentially consumed over ethanol. Lactic acid was generated as a result of glucose consumption, which led to a significant decrease in pH from 6.45 to 4.68. The low pH (< 5) inhibited the synthesis of caproic acid. Then, the strain's usage of lactic acid and the reaction between CaCO3 and lactic acid caused the pH to increase. L. celerecrescens JSJ-1 did not start producing caproic acid using ethanol and acetic acid until the pH increased to 5.8. This research enriches the knowledge regarding the metabolism of L. celerecrescens JSJ-1 and provides guidelines for the industrial production of caproic acid by using L. celerecrescences JSJ-1. KEY POINTS: • Ethanol is the optimal substrate for the synthesis of caproic acid by Lacrimispora celerecrescens JSJ-1. • Lacrimispora celerecrescens JSJ-1 produced lactic acid rapidly when it used glucose, causing a sharp drop in pH. • pH is a crucial factor affecting the synthesis of caproic acid from ethanol by Lacrimispora celerecrescens JSJ-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Xiangxiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Li Ling
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Hao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | | | - Xu Chang
- Angel Yeast Co. Ltd, Yichang, 443200, China
| | - Maobin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Shangling Fang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.
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Moore RJ, Lacey JA. Genomics of the Pathogenic Clostridia. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0033-2018. [PMID: 31215504 PMCID: PMC11257213 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0033-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequences are now available for all the clinically important clostridia and many of the lesser or opportunistically pathogenic clostridia. The complex clade structures of C. difficile, C. perfringens, and the species that produce botulinum toxins have been delineated by whole-genome sequence analysis. The true clostridia of cluster I show relatively low levels of gross genomic rearrangements within species, in contrast to the species of cluster XI, notably C. difficile, which have been found to have very plastic genomes with significant levels of chromosomal rearrangement. Throughout the clostridial phylotypes, a large proportion of the strain diversity is driven by the acquisition and loss of mobile elements, including phages, plasmids, insertion sequences, and transposons. Genomic analysis has been used to investigate the diversity and spread of C. difficile within hospital settings, the zoonotic transfer of isolates, and the emergence, origins, and geographic spread of epidemic ribotypes. In C. perfringens the clades defined by chromosomal sequence analysis show no indications of clustering based on host species or geographical location. Whole-genome sequence analysis helps to define the different survival and pathogenesis strategies that the clostridia use. Some, such as C. botulinum, produce toxins which rapidly act to kill the host, whereas others, such as C. perfringens and C. difficile, produce less lethal toxins which can damage tissue but do not rapidly kill the host. The genomes provide a resource that can be mined to identify potential vaccine antigens and targets for other forms of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Moore
- Host-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jake A Lacey
- Doherty Department, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Honkalas V, Dabir A, Dhakephalkar PK. Life in the Anoxic Sub-Seafloor Environment: Linking Microbial Metabolism and Mega Reserves of Methane Hydrate. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 156:235-262. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_5004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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