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Péquin B, Cai Q, Lee K, Greer CW. Natural attenuation of oil in marine environments: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113464. [PMID: 35231783 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural attenuation is an important process for oil spill management in marine environments. Natural attenuation affects the fate of oil by physical, chemical, and biological processes, which include evaporation, dispersion, dissolution, photo-oxidation, emulsification, oil particle aggregation, and biodegradation. This review examines the cumulative knowledge regarding these natural attenuation processes as well as their simulation and prediction using modelling approaches. An in-depth discussion is provided on how oil type, microbial community and environmental factors contribute to the biodegradation process. It describes how our understanding of the structure and function of indigenous oil degrading microbial communities in the marine environment has been advanced by the application of next generation sequencing tools. The synergetic and/or antagonist effects of oil spill countermeasures such as the application of chemical dispersants, in-situ burning and nutrient enrichment on natural attenuation were explored. Several knowledge gaps were identified regarding the synergetic and/or antagonistic effects of active response countermeasures on the natural attenuation/biodegradation process. This review highlighted the need for field data on both the effectiveness and potential detrimental effects of oil spill response options to support modelling and decision-making on their selection and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérangère Péquin
- McGill University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Qinhong Cai
- McGill University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Ecosystem Science, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles W Greer
- McGill University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada; Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Pal P, Pal A, Nakashima K, Yadav BK. Applications of chitosan in environmental remediation: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128934. [PMID: 33246700 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental biotechnology is the use of biotechnology to develop and regulate biological systems for the remediation of environmental contamination. Nature has gifted ample material for remediation of its resources, among which chitosan is one of the most important and largely available biomaterial globally. Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin extracted from marine waste and its applications from drug delivery to food additives are broadly available. Chitosan exhibit several properties such as availability, low cost, high biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These properties make it biologically and chemically acceptable for use in various fields. Due to some limitations of pure chitosan, there has been a growing interest in modifying the chitosan in order to improve the original properties and widen the applications of pure phase chitosan. Various modified forms of chitosan and their associated applications are reviewed here with emphasis on their use in environmental remediation. The demand of chitosan in the global industrial market is growing which is briefly explained in this paper. Chitosan is used for water purification since a long time and still progress is going on for making it more efficient in the removal process. It can be used as a flocculent and coagulant, as an adsorbent for removing the contaminants like heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, antibiotics, biological contaminants from wastewater. Soil remediation using chitosan material is explained in this review. Various other applications such as drug delivery, food additives, tissue engineering are thoroughly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Pal
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, India.
| | - Anjali Pal
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Kazunori Nakashima
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Brijesh Kumar Yadav
- Hydrology Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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3
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van Dorst J, Wilkins D, King CK, Spedding T, Hince G, Zhang E, Crane S, Ferrari B. Applying microbial indicators of hydrocarbon toxicity to contaminated sites undergoing bioremediation on subantarctic Macquarie Island. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113780. [PMID: 31887587 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are useful biological indicators of toxicity and play a key role in the functioning of healthy soils. In this study, we investigated the residual toxicity of hydrocarbons in aged contaminated soils and determined the extent of microbial community recovery during in-situ bioremediation at subantarctic Macquarie Island. Previously identified microbial indicators of hydrocarbon toxicity were used to understand interactions between hydrocarbon concentrations, soil physicochemical parameters and the microbial community. Despite the complexity of the field sites, which included active fuel storage areas with high levels of soil heterogeneity, multiple spill events and variable fuel sources, we observed consistent microbial community traits associated with exposure to high concentrations of hydrocarbons. These included; reductions in alpha diversity, inhibition of nitrification potential and a reduction in the ratio of oligotrophic to copiotrophic species. These observed responses and the sensitivity of microbial communities in the field, were comparable to sensitivity estimates obtained in a previous lab-based mesocosm study with hydrocarbon spiked soils. This study provides a valuable and often missing link between the quite disparate conditions of controlled lab-based spiking experiments and the complexity presented by 'real-world' contaminated field sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie van Dorst
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Wilkins
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Catherine K King
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tim Spedding
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Greg Hince
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Eden Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Sally Crane
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Belinda Ferrari
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
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4
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Yang Z, Hollebone BP, Shah K, Yang C, Brown CE, Dodard S, Sarrazin M, Sunahara G. Biodegradation potential assessment by using autochthonous microorganisms from the sediments from Lac Mégantic (Quebec, Canada) contaminated with light residual oil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124796. [PMID: 31520972 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In July 2013, a fatal train derailment led to an explosion and fire in the town of Lac-Mégantic (LM), Quebec, and the crude oil contamination of regional surface water, soil, and sediment in the adjacent Lake Mégantic. This study investigated the degradation potential of the spilled crude oil by using the sediments from the incident site as the source of microorganisms. Two light crude oils (LM source oil and Alberta Sweet Mixed Blend (ASMB)) were tested at 22 °C for 4 weeks and 4 °C for 8 weeks, respectively. The post-incubation biological and chemical information of the samples were analysed. There was no marked difference in degradation efficacy and biological activities for both the LM and ASMB oils, although the biodegradation potential differed between the two incubations. Higher temperature favoured the growth of microorganisms, thus for the degradation of all petroleum hydrocarbons, except for some conservative biomarkers. The degradation of both oils followed the order of resolved components > total saturated hydrocarbons (TSH) > unresolved complex mixture (UCM) >total aromatic hydrocarbons (TAH). Normal alkanes were generally degraded more significantly than branched ones, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated congeners (APAHs) for both incubations generally decreased as the number of aromatic rings, and the degree of alkylation increased. This study showed that the LM sediments can biodegrade the petroleum hydrocarbons efficaciously if appropriate ambient temperatures are generated to favour the growth of autochthonous microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Bruce P Hollebone
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Keval Shah
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chun Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carl E Brown
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sabine Dodard
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manon Sarrazin
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Sunahara
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Al-Saleh E, Hassan A. Enhanced crude oil biodegradation in soil via biostimulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:822-831. [PMID: 26854134 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1146223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on feasible methods for the enhancement of bioremediation in soil contaminated by crude oil is vital in oil-exporting countries such as Kuwait, where crude oil is a major pollutant and the environment is hostile to biodegradation. This study investigated the possibility of enhancing crude oil bioremediation by supplementing soil with cost-effective organic materials derived from two widespread locally grown trees, Conocarpus and Tamarix. Amendments in soils increased the counts of soil microbiota by up to 98% and enhanced their activity by up to 95.5%. The increase in the biodegradation of crude oil (75%) and high levels of alkB expression substantiated the efficiency of the proposed amendment technology for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated sites. The identification of crude-oil-degrading bacteria revealed the dominance of the genus Microbacterium (39.6%), Sphingopyxis soli (19.3%), and Bordetella petrii (19.6%) in unamended, Conocarpus-amended, and Tamarix-amended contaminated soils, respectively. Although soil amendments favored the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and reduced bacterial diversity, the structures of bacterial communities were not significantly altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Al-Saleh
- a Department of Biological Sciences , College of Science, Kuwait University , Kuwait
| | - Ali Hassan
- a Department of Biological Sciences , College of Science, Kuwait University , Kuwait
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6
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Shan L, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Yu W, Yang Y, Shen S, Zhang S, Zhu L, Xu L, Tian B, Yun J. Fabrication and Use of Alginate-Based Cryogel Delivery Beads Loaded with Urea and Phosphates as Potential Carriers for Bioremediation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lishen Shan
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology,
College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yunling Gao
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology,
College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanchang Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology,
College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wubin Yu
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology,
College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yujun Yang
- Institute
of Process Equipment and Control Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Shaochuan Shen
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology,
College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Songhong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology,
College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Lingyu Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology,
College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Linhong Xu
- Faculty of Mechanical & Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Tian
- Key
Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of
Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Junxian Yun
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology,
College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou 310032, China
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7
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Enhanced bioremediation of oil spills in the sea. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 27:191-4. [PMID: 24657912 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are ubiquitous in the sea, including hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria that utilize hydrocarbons almost exclusively as carbon and energy sources. However, the rates at which they naturally degrade petroleum following an oil spill appear to be too slow to prevent oil from reaching the shore and causing environmental damage, as has been documented in the Exxon Valdez and Gulf of Mexico disasters. Unfortunately, there is, at present, no experimentally demonstrated methodology for accelerating the degradation of hydrocarbons in the sea. The rate-limiting factor for petroleum degradation in the sea is availability of nitrogen and phosphorus. Oleophilic fertilizers, such as Inipol EAP 22 and urea-formaldehyde polymers, have stimulated hydrocarbon degradation on shorelines but are less effective in open systems. We suggest uric acid as a potentially useful fertilizer enhancing bioremediation at sea.
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Reis EA, Rocha-Leão MHM, Leite SGF. Slow-Release Nutrient Capsules for Microorganism Stimulation in Oil Remediation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1241-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Ke L, Zhang C, Guo C, Lin GH, Tam NFY. Effects of environmental stresses on the responses of mangrove plants to spent lubricating oil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 63:385-395. [PMID: 21664628 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The influence of different environmental stresses, including salinity (5-35‰), tidal cycle (6/6, 12/12 and 24/24 h of high/low tidal regimes) and nutrient addition (1-6 times background nitrogen and phosphorus content) on Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Aegiceras corniculatum grown in sediment contaminated with spent lubricating oil (7.5 L m(-2)) were investigated. The oil-treated 1-year-old mangrove seedlings subject to low (5‰) and high (35‰) salinity had significantly more reduction in growth, more release of superoxide radical (O2·-) and higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) than those subject to moderate salinity (15‰). Extended flooding (24/24 h of high/low tidal regime) enhanced O2·- release and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both oil-treated species but had little negative effects on biomass production (P>0.05) except the stem of A. corniculatum (P=0.012). The addition of nutrients had no beneficial or even posed harmful effects on the growth and cellular responses of the oil-treated seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ke
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
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10
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Xu Y, Lu M. Bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil: comparison of different biostimulation and bioaugmentation treatments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 183:395-401. [PMID: 20685037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulation with inorganic fertilizer and bioaugmentation with hydrocarbon utilizing indigenous bacteria were employed as remedial options for 12 weeks in a crude oil-contaminated soil. To promote oil removal, biocarrier for immobilization of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria was developed using peanut hull powder. Biodegradation was enhanced with free-living bacterial culture and biocarrier with a total petroleum hydrocarbon removal ranging from 26% to 61% after a 12-week treatment. Oil removal was also enhanced when peanut hull powder was only used as a bulking agent, which accelerated the mass transfer rate of water, oxygen, nutrients and hydrocarbons, and provided nutrition for the microflora. Dehydrogenase activity in soil was remarkably enhanced by the application of carrier material. Metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Xu
- Department of Geochemistry, Yangtze University, Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou 434023, China.
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11
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Bacterial communities reflect the spatial variation in pollutant levels in Brazilian mangrove sediment. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 99:341-54. [PMID: 20803251 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The majority of oil from oceanic oil spills converges on coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests. A major challenge to mangrove bioremediation is defining the mangrove's pollution levels and measuring its recuperation from pollution. Bioindicators can provide a welcome tool for defining such recovery. To determine if the microbial profiles reflected variation in the pollutants, samples from different locations within a single mangrove with a history of exposure to oil were chemically characterised, and the microbial populations were evaluated by a comprehensive range of conventional and molecular methods. Multivariate ordination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) microbial community fingerprints revealed a pronounced separation between the sediment and rhizosphere samples for all analysed bacterial communities (Bacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Pseudomonas). A Mantel test revealed significant relationships between the sediment chemical fertility and oil-derived pollutants, most of the bacterial community fingerprints from sediment samples, and the counts by different cultivation strategies. The level of total petroleum hydrocarbons was significantly associated with the Bacteria and Betaproteobacteria fingerprints, whereas anthracene and the total level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were associated with the Actinobacteria. These results show that microbial communities from the studied mangrove reflect the spatial variation of the chemicals in the sediment, demonstrating the specific influences of oil-derived pollutants.
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Dell'Anno A, Beolchini F, Gabellini M, Rocchetti L, Pusceddu A, Danovaro R. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in anoxic marine sediments: consequences on the speciation of heavy metals. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 58:1808-1814. [PMID: 19740495 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of biostimulation and bioagumentation strategies applied to harbor sediments displaying reducing conditions and high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals. We compared the microbial efficiency of hydrocarbon removal from sediments maintained for 60 days in anoxic conditions and inoculated with acetate, sulfate-reducing bacterial strains and acetate and sulfate-reducing bacteria. All treatments determined a significant increase in the microbial growth and significant decreases of hydrocarbon contents and of redox potential values. The addition of sulfate-reducing bacterial strains to the sediment was the most efficient treatment for the hydrocarbon removal. In all experiments, significant changes of the heavy metals' phase repartition were observed. The results reported here suggest that the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in anoxic marine sediments may be enhanced by stimulating microbial anaerobic metabolism, but care should be applied to monitor the potential changes in the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals induced by bio-treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dell'Anno
- Department of Marine Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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Gertler C, Gerdts G, Timmis KN, Golyshin PN. Microbial consortia in mesocosm bioremediation trial using oil sorbents, slow-release fertilizer and bioaugmentation. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 69:288-300. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Tang YJ, Carpenter SD, Deming JW, Krieger-Brockett B. Depth-related influences on biodegradation rates of phenanthrene in polluted marine sediments of Puget Sound, WA. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2006; 52:1431-40. [PMID: 16780896 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A whole-core injection method was used to determine depth-related rates of microbial mineralization of (14)C-phenanthrene added to both contaminated and clean marine sediments of Puget Sound, WA. For 26-day incubations under micro-aerobic conditions, conversions of (14)C-phenanthrene to (14)CO(2) in heavily PAH-contaminated sediments from two sites in Eagle Harbor were much higher (up to 30%) than those in clean sediments from nearby Blakely Harbor (<3%). The averaged (14)C-phenanthrene degradation rates in the surface sediment horizons (0-3 cm) were more rapid (2-3 times) than in the deeper sediment horizons examined (>6 cm), especially in the most PAH polluted EH9 site. Differences in mineralization were associated with properties of the sediments as a function of sediment depth, including grain-size distribution, PAH concentration, total organic matter and total bacterial abundance. When strictly anaerobic incubations (in N(2)/H(2)/CO(2) atmosphere) were used, the phenanthrene biodegradation rates at all sediment depths were two times slower than under micro-aerobic conditions, with methanogenesis observed after 24 days. The main rate-limiting factor for phenanthrene degradation under anaerobic conditions appeared to be the availability of suitable electron acceptors. Addition of calcium sulfate enhanced the first order rate coefficient (k(1) increased from 0.003 to 0.006 day(-1)), whereas addition of soluble nitrate, even at very low concentration (<0.5 mM), inhibited mineralization. Long-term storage of heavily polluted Eagle Harbor sediment as intact cores under micro-aerobic conditions also appeared to enhance anaerobic biodegradation rates (k(1) up to 0.11 day(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie J Tang
- Keasling Lab, Biophysics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Biophysics Division, 717 Potter Street, Bldlg 977 MC 3224, Berkeley, CA 94720-3224, USA.
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