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Silva LFO, Pinto D, Oliveira MLS, Dotto GL. Dispersion of hazardous nanoparticles on beaches around phosphogypsum factories. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112493. [PMID: 34022554 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic occurring nanoparticles (NPs) have been one of the principal catalytic components of marine pollution throughout its history. The phosphogypsum (PG) factories present environmental risks and evident marine pollution in different parts of the world. Many of these factors continue to operate, however, some have already been abandoned by the private sector. The general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the real nanoparticles (NPs) present on a beach in southern Brazil to illustrate the need to create public policies and projects for environmental recovery. This work focused on real representative sampling of suspended sediments (SSs), and on a modern analytical procedure via advanced electron microscopes (field emission scanning electron microscope-FE-SEM and high resolution transmission electron microscope-HR-TEM coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system-EDS) to analyze NPs containing hazardous elements (HEs). The results presented in this work demonstrate who the size, morphology, among other physical-geochemical characteristics influence in the adsorption of HEs by the NPs and their respective agglomerates. This study is of great importance for carrying out the application of advanced techniques and methods to better understand the formation and transport of NPs on beaches, which allows assisting in the management of waste from plaster factories on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Diana Pinto
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Marcos L S Oliveira
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura, Universidad de Lima, Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600, Santiago de Surco 1503, Peru
| | - Guilherme L Dotto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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2
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Bejaoui S, Michán C, Telahigue K, Nechi S, Cafsi ME, Soudani N, Blasco J, Costa PM, Alhama J. Metal body burden and tissue oxidative status in the bivalve Venerupis decussata from Tunisian coastal lagoons. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:105000. [PMID: 32662434 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal transitional waters are exposed to many anthropogenic threats. This study aims to assess the trace metals' pollution status of transitional waters by evaluating its biological effects in the clam Venerupis decussata. Among the studied sites along the Tunisian littoral, South Tunis and Boughrara were the most impacted, since clams from these two lagoons presented significant differences in: (i) trace metal contents, (ii) in-cell hydrogen peroxide, (iii) enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses, (iv) damage to lipids and proteins, and (v) protein post-translational modifications. These changes related to evident histopathological traits. PCA showed a clear separation between the digestive gland and gills tissues and illustrated an impact gradient in Tunisian coastal lagoons. Water temperature was revealed as an added natural stressor that, when concurring with high pollution, may jeopardize an ecosystem's health and contribute to the accumulation of hazardous metals in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Bejaoui
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain; Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Biology Department, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Michán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Khaoula Telahigue
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Nechi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mhamed El Cafsi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Biology Department, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Biology Department, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Julián Blasco
- Dpt. Ecology and Coastal Management, ICMAN-CSIC, Campus Rio San Pedro, E-11510, Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain
| | - Pedro M Costa
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - José Alhama
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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3
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Zouch H, Cabrol L, Chifflet S, Tedetti M, Karray F, Zaghden H, Sayadi S, Quéméneur M. Effect of Acidic Industrial Effluent Release on Microbial Diversity and Trace Metal Dynamics During Resuspension of Coastal Sediment. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3103. [PMID: 30619182 PMCID: PMC6302000 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Both industrial effluent discharge and the resuspension of contaminated marine sediments are important sources of trace metals in seawater which potentially affect marine ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the industrial wastewaters having acidic pH (2–3) and containing trace metals on microbial diversity in the coastal ecosystem of the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia, southern Mediterranean Sea) subjected to resuspension events of marine sediments. Four trace elements (As, Cd, U, and V) were monitored during 10-day sediment resuspension experiments. The highest enrichment in the seawater dissolved phase was observed for Cd followed by U, V, and As. Cd remobilization was improved by indigenous microbial community, while U release was mainly abiotic. Acidic effluent addition impacted both trace metal distribution and microbial diversity, particularly that of the abundant phylum Bacteroidetes. Members of the order Saprospirales were enriched from sediment in natural seawater (initial pH > 8), while the family Flavobacteriaceae was favored by acidified seawater (initial pH < 8). Some Flavobacteriaceae members were identified as dominant species in both initial sediment and experiments with acidic wastewater, in which their relative abundance increased with increasing dissolved Cd levels. It could be therefore possible to consider them as bioindicators of metal pollution and/or acidification in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Zouch
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Biotechnology Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Léa Cabrol
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Chifflet
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Biotechnology Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Fatma Karray
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Biotechnology Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Zaghden
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Biotechnology Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Biotechnology Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marianne Quéméneur
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Biotechnology Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
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4
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El Kateb A, Stalder C, Rüggeberg A, Neururer C, Spangenberg JE, Spezzaferri S. Impact of industrial phosphate waste discharge on the marine environment in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197731. [PMID: 29771969 PMCID: PMC5957445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment in the Gulf of Gabes (southern Tunisia) is severely impacted by phosphate industries. Nowadays, three localities, Sfax, Skhira and Gabes produce phosphoric acid along the coasts of this Gulf and generate a large amount of phosphogypsum as a waste product. The Gabes phosphate industry is the major cause of pollution in the Gulf because most of the waste is directly discharged into the sea without preliminary treatment. This study investigates the marine environment in the proximity of the phosphate industries of Gabes and the coastal marine environment on the eastern coast of Djerba, without phosphate industry. This site can be considered as "pristine" and enables a direct comparison between polluted and “clean” adjacent areas. Phosphorous, by sequential extractions (SEDEX), Rock-Eval, C, H, N elemental analysis, and stable carbon isotope composition of sedimentary organic matter, X-ray diffraction (qualitative and quantitative analysis) were measured on sediments. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were measured on the water close to the sea floor of each station to estimate environmental conditions. These analyses are coupled with video surveys of the sea floor. This study reveals clear differentiations in pollution and eutrophication in the investigated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram El Kateb
- Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, Fribourg, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudio Stalder
- Federal Office of Public Health FOPH, Radiation Protection Division, Schwarzenburgstrasse 157, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andres Rüggeberg
- Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Neururer
- Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jorge E. Spangenberg
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Spezzaferri
- Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, Fribourg, Switzerland
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5
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Feki-Sahnoun W, Njah H, Hamza A, Barraj N, Mahfoudi M, Rebai A, Hassen MB. Using general linear model, Bayesian Networks and Naive Bayes classifier for prediction of Karenia selliformis occurrences and blooms. ECOL INFORM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Ben Salem Z, Ayadi H. First investigation of trace metal distribution in surface seawater and copepods of the south coast of Sfax (Tunisia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19662-19670. [PMID: 28681305 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased metal loading from anthropogenic sources has affected aquatic ecosystems and has cascaded through food webs worldwide. Therefore, the evaluation of ecological impacts of anthropogenic metal has become increasingly important. In this paper, we monitored the concentration of six trace metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the three copepod groups (cyclopoida, calanoida, and harpacticoida) and in seawater samples collected from the south coast of Sfax (Tunisia). Results showed that the concentration of Fe and Zn for all copepod groups was higher than that for other metals and that of Cd was the lowest in all groups. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 0.05 to 18.93 and followed the sequence Zn (18.93) > Fe (14.34) > Pb (6.41) > Cd (1.53) > Cu (0.10) > Ni (0.05). The copepods in the south coast of Sfax were found to have a great capacity to accumulate trace metals and act as contamination indicators. Comparative studies with those from the Luza zone indicate considerable bioaccumulation of trace metals (Pb and Ni) in all copepod groups namely in cyclopoida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Ben Salem
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences Research, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Street of Soukra Km 3.5, PO Box 3000, BP 1171, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences Research, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Street of Soukra Km 3.5, PO Box 3000, BP 1171, Sfax, Tunisia
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Drira Z, Kmiha-Megdiche S, Sahnoun H, Hammami A, Allouche N, Tedetti M, Ayadi H. Assessment of anthropogenic inputs in the surface waters of the southern coastal area of Sfax during spring (Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 104:355-363. [PMID: 26837269 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The coastal marine area of Sfax (Tunisia), which is well-known for its high productivity and fisheries, is also subjected to anthropogenic inputs from diverse industrial, urban and agriculture activities. We investigated the spatial distribution of physical, chemical and biogeochemical parameters in the surface waters of the southern coastal area of Sfax. Pertinent tracers of anthropogenic inputs were identified. Twenty stations were sampled during March 2013 in the vicinity of the coastal areas reserved for waste discharge. Phosphogypsum wastes dumped close to the beaches were the main source of PO4(3-), Cl(-) and SO4(2-) in seawater. The high content in total polyphenolic compounds was due to the olive oil treatment waste water released from margins. These inorganic and organic inputs in the surface waters were associated with elevated COD. The BOD5/COD (<0.5) and COD/BOD5 (>3) ratios highlighted a chemical pollution with organic load of a low biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Drira
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Soukra Road Km 3.5. BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Salma Kmiha-Megdiche
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Soukra Road Km 3.5. BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houda Sahnoun
- Coastal and Urban Environment Unit, IPEIS, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Hammami
- Laboratory of Materials Science and environment (MESLab), University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, P.B. "1171", 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Allouche
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, P.B. "1171", 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS/INSU, University of Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Soukra Road Km 3.5. BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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8
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Rekik A, Denis M, Maalej S, Ayadi H. Spatial and seasonal variability of pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton at the bottom seawater in the north coast of Sfax, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15961-15975. [PMID: 26054458 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4811-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the frame of the Taparura Project, we studied the distribution of pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton communities in relation to environmental variables at 18 stations sampled during four coastal cruises conducted between October 2009 and July 2010 at the bottom, on the north coast of Sfax (Tunisia, Eastern Mediterranean Sea). The restoration effect on coastal ultraphytoplankton (<10 μm) and microphytoplankton (<200 μm) was investigated using conventional flow cytometry and inverted microscopy. Flow cytometry analysis of ultraphytoplankton resolved six groups (Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, nanoeukaryotes and three distinct subgroups within picoeukaryotes). In addition to these autotrophic groups, two unknown groups were characterised on the north coast. Picophytoplankton abundance shifted from a summer dominance of Synechococcus to a dominance of picoeukaryotes and Prochlorococcus during spring. Nanoeukaryotes were the most abundant in spring. Microphytoplankton was resolved into five groups, labelled Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Cyanobacteriae, Euglenophyceae and Chlorophyceae. A total of 90 microphytoplankton species were identified in all stations, with an overwhelming abundance of large diatoms, a typical trait of benthic communities (Coscinodiscus sp., Grammatophora sp., Navicula sp., Pleurosigma sp., Striatella unipunctata …). Results collected in this study are favouring a beneficial impact on the ecosystem of the Sfax north coast restoration achieved by the Taparura Project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Rekik
- Unité Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Université de Sfax, B.P.1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Michel Denis
- CNRS/INSU, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanologie (MIO), Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 901, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
| | - Sami Maalej
- Unité Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Université de Sfax, B.P.1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Unité Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Université de Sfax, B.P.1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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9
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Ben Salem Z, Drira Z, Ayadi H. What factors drive the variations of phytoplankton, ciliate and mesozooplankton communities in the polluted southern coast of Sfax, Tunisia? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11764-11780. [PMID: 25854209 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied the spatial distribution of phytoplankton, ciliate and mesozooplankton communities coupled with environmental factors in the southern coast of Sfax (central eastern coastline of Tunisia). Phytoplankton assemblages were dominated by Dinophyceae (69.99%) and Bacillariophyceae (15.88%). The ciliate community consisted of Spirotrichea with a dominance of Tintinnopsis beroidea (57.69%). The mesozooplankton community was dominated by copepods representing 66.12% of the total zooplankton. Oithona nana showed a high frequency mainly in stations 9 and 10 with 66.86 and 64.65%, respectively. Some toxic phytoplankton species were recorded in the present study site. For this reason, the pollution generated in this area presents a slight degradation of the water quality and can be responsible for the bloom generated by the high proliferation of these toxic microalgae. The pollution generated by industrial activities has an effect on the spatial distribution of phytoplankton, ciliate and copepod communities with a reduction of their diversity indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Ben Salem
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences Research, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Street of Soukra Km 3.5. BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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10
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Spatial variability of helminth parasites and evidence for stock discrimination in the round sardinella, Sardinella aurita (Valenciennes, 1847), off the coast of Tunisia. J Helminthol 2015; 90:353-8. [PMID: 26096051 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x15000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Three digeneans - Parahemiurus merus (Linton, 1910), Aphanurus stossichii (Monticelli, 1891) and Lecithochirium sp. - and one tetraphyllidean cestode larva were used as biological tags to discriminate the stock of Sardinella aurita (Valenciennes, 1847). In total, 579 fish were examined in five zones off the Tunisian coast, including Bizerte and Kelibia in the north, Mahdia in the east, Gabes and Zarzis in the south. Discriminant analyses used for the separation of S. aurita allowed for the identification of two discrete stocks. Sardinella aurita from Bizerte, Kelibia and Zarzis clumped together as a single stock. Parahemiurus merus and A. stossichii were the most important species in determining the location of sampled fish from these regions. Specimens from Mahdia and Gabes were grouped as one stock characterized by the presence of Lecithochirium sp. and larvae of the Tetraphyllidea. These results were corroborated by comparing the parameters of prevalence and mean abundance of parasites among zones. The separation of S. aurita between localities after pooling specimens from Bizerte, Kelibia and Zarzis and separately pooling those from Mahdia and Gabes also allowed the identification of two discrete stocks, one in offshore waters from Bizerte, Kelibia and Zarzis characterized by the digeneans P. merus and A. stossichii and one in inshore waters from Mahdia and Gabes characterized by Lechithochirium sp. and tetraphyllidean larvae.
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Feki-Sahnoun W, Hamza A, Mahfoudi M, Rebai A, Hassen MB. Long-term microphytoplankton variability patterns using multivariate analyses: ecological and management implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:11481-11499. [PMID: 24906825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microphytoplankton data along the southern Tunisian coasts have been monitored weekly since 1995. This study used the data collected during the period 2000-2007 to determine the temporal variability patterns and to characterize the geographical structures of microphytoplankton populations. The methodological approach consisted in isolating the temporal variability common to all sampled sites and in analyzing the "residual" site-specific component. Multivariate ordination methods were used to determine the seasonal and interannual variability. The temporal pattern shared by all sites was highlighted and the seasonal cycle of the most frequent phytoplankton communities contrasted the diatoms winter-spring species to the dinoflagellates summer-fall species. Multitable comparison allowed the identification of three areas exhibiting similar phytoplankton population variability. The results, despite the coastal location of sampling sites, indicated that hydrodynamic and geomorphologic properties of the different areas as well as anthropogenic activities play a key role in the structure of the phytoplankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Feki-Sahnoun
- Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route soukra Km 3,5, BP 802, CP 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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12
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Mabrouk L, Guarred T, Hamza A, Messaoudi I, Hellal AN. Fluctuating asymmetry in grass goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus Pallas, 1811 inhabiting polluted and unpolluted area in Tunisia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:248-251. [PMID: 24993729 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry, a random deviation of bilateral traits, is assessed on grass goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus Pallas, 1811 living in one disturbed site and in one unpolluted site Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia). Statistical analysis showed that assessed asymmetries are fluctuating. FA of orbital diameter, sub-orbital distance, pectoral fin and post-orbital length are higher in polluted site compared to control. Chemical pollution seems to be responsible for this high FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Mabrouk
- Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Route de la Soukra km 4, BP no. 802, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, centre de Sfax, BP 1035, CP 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Taher Guarred
- Institut supérieur des Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded, B.P. 74, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Hamza
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, centre de Sfax, BP 1035, CP 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- Institut supérieur des Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded, B.P. 74, Monastir, Tunisia
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13
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Rekik A, Denis M, Dugenne M, Barani A, Maalej S, Ayadi H. Seasonal distribution of ultraphytoplankton and heterotrophic prokaryotes in relation to abiotic variables on the north coast of Sfax after restoration. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 84:280-305. [PMID: 24863416 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Taparura project was set up to restore the north Sfax coast (Tunisia) by shutting down the northern phosphate plant responsible for chronic pollution and uncontrolled phosphogypsum dumping. The restoration effect on coastal ultraphytoplankton (<10 μm) and heterotrophic prokaryotes was investigated using conventional flow cytometry over four successive seasons during 2009-2010. Cell concentrations were generally higher than values reported for the open sea, both in the western and eastern Mediterranean basins. One striking point was that chl a concentration on the north Sfax coast was unchanged after restoration but was still one order of magnitude higher than in the Gulf of Gabès. Restoration of pH, following the shutdown of the phosphate processing plants on the north coast, appeared to reach normal levels for seawater during the study, whereas seawater acidification persisted on the south coast where plants are still in operation. The largest ultraphytoplankton biomass was from an unknown cell group, whose identity and role needs to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Rekik
- Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Département des Sciences de la Vie, Unité de recherche LR/UR/05ES05 Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Route Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Michel Denis
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanologie (MIO), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 901, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Mathilde Dugenne
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanologie (MIO), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 901, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Aude Barani
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanologie (MIO), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 901, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Sami Maalej
- Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Département des Sciences de la Vie, Unité de recherche LR/UR/05ES05 Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Route Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Département des Sciences de la Vie, Unité de recherche LR/UR/05ES05 Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Route Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Khemakhem H, Elloumi J, Ayadi H, Aleya L, Moussa M. Modelling the phytoplankton dynamics in a nutrient-rich solar saltern pond: predicting the impact of restoration and climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:9057-9065. [PMID: 23797709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An ecological model for the solar saltern of Sfax (Tunisia) was established and validated by comparing simulation results to observed data relative to horizontal distributions of temperature, nutrients and phytoplankton biomass. Sensitivity analysis was performed in order to assess the influence of the main ecological model parameters. First applied at the saltern's pond A1, the model was calibrated with field data measured over 4 years of study (from 2000 to 2003), which allowed an evaluation of parameters such as maximum growth rate of phytoplankton, optimal growth temperature and constant of half saturation for P/N assimilation by phytoplankton. Simulation results showed that the model allowed us to predict realistic phytoplankton variations of the study area, though we were unable to accurately reproduce the nutrient variation. The model was then applied to simulations of the impact of changes in phytoplankton biomass through scenarios such as hypothetic climate changes and saltern restoration.
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Bourhane-Eddine B, Victor F, Amel D, Souad T, Lotfi A. What factors determine trace metal contamination in Lake Tonga (Algeria)? ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:9905-9915. [PMID: 23793646 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A study of trace metal (TM) contamination was conducted at Lake Tonga (Algeria), a site surrounded by several indirect contamination point sources such as an abandoned mine and steelworks. Studying two sampling sites over four seasons, we were able to depict the spatial and temporal variability of TM contamination in the lake. Among the seven TM examined (Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Cr), only Fe, Pb, and Cd showed concentrations significantly higher than the site's geological background. The contamination index (sediment concentration/background concentration) calculated for these three TM (Cd = 1.9 ± 1.6, Fe = 6.8 ± 1.8, and Pb = 3.3 ± 2.6) clearly indicated anthropogenic contamination. Sediment TM contamination differed both between sampling sites and seasons despite environmental variables (e.g., oxygen and pH) being similar, thus suggesting different TM contamination sources. Fe contamination was high at the two sampling sites and over all studied seasons, possibly indicating general lake-scale Fe contamination, probably related to atmospheric deposition of steelworks emissions both on the lake and within the watershed. Lake tributaries were further suspected of channeling Fe contamination from the watershed into the lake. On the other hand, the sampling site close to the outlet was especially rich in Cd and Pb typically reflecting contamination by mine wastes. The indirect connection between the abandoned mine and the lake indicates that runoff of mine leachates through groundwater was likely a candidate in explaining the specificity of the TM contamination in this part of the lake. This study provides insights for management of TM contamination by addressing both spatial and temporal variability within the lake as well as differences in contamination sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belabed Bourhane-Eddine
- Département des Sciences de la Mer, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar d'Annaba, Annaba, BP 12, Algeria
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Dhib A, Ben Brahim M, Ziadi B, Akrout F, Turki S, Aleya L. Factors driving the seasonal distribution of planktonic and epiphytic ciliates in a eutrophicated Mediterranean lagoon. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 74:383-395. [PMID: 23850124 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the distribution of planktonic and epiphytic ciliates coupled with environmental factors and microalgae abundance at five stations in Ghar El Melh Lagoon (Tunisia). Planktonic ciliates were monitored for a year and epiphytic ciliates were sampled during summer 2011 in concordance with the proliferation of the seagrass Ruppia cirrhosa. Ciliate assemblage was largely dominated by Spirotrichea followed respectively by Tintinnida of and Strombidiida. No significant difference was found in the distribution of ciliate species among the stations. Redundancy analysis indicates that abiotic factors (temperature and nutriments) have a significant effect on the dynamics of certain ciliates. For epiphytic ciliates, 4 species were identified: Tintinnopsis campanula, Aspidisca sp., Strombidium acutum and Amphorides amphora. Based on PERMANOVA analyses, ciliates exhibit significant correlations among months and stations. According to ACP, epiphyte distribution follows roughly those of R. cirrhosa and pH. Significant correlations were found between harmful dinoflagellates and both planktonic and epiphytic ciliates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dhib
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, France; Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Laboratoire Milieu Marin, Centre la Goulette, Tunisia
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17
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Mounir BB, Asma H, Sana BI, Lotfi M, Abderrahmen B, Lotfi A. What factors drive seasonal variation of phytoplankton, protozoans and metazoans on leaves of Posidonia oceanica and in the water column along the coast of the Kerkennah Islands, Tunisia? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 71:286-298. [PMID: 23498657 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A hierarchical sampling design was used during two seasons (spring (May) and summer (August) 2006). Using this design, three regions of the Kerkennah Islands (Tunisia) were analyzed for the distribution of microalgal, protozoan and metazoan assemblages in two different habitats: (1) the water column; and (2) on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile (P. oceanica) leaves in shallow meadows. A total of 85 species were obtained. In particular, the diatom family Naviculacea consistently dominated (both numerically and in their diversity) the micro-algae in all regions for the two seasons of the study and in both habitats. In the Chergui region, which is the closest area to a source of impact, fast growing centric diatoms (such as Thalassionema, Rhizosolenia, Striatella, and Skeletonema) were identified as indicators of high organic matter and nutrient enrichment in water bodies. Protozoan and metazoan species abundance in the different regions indicate a non-random spatial and temporal distribution of the epiphytic organisms on leaves of P. oceanica that correlated with phytoplankton. The results also indicate that (1) the abundance of micro- and macroorganisms in the three regions were higher on P. oceanica leaves than in the water column for the two seasons; (2) environmental factors such as currents and tide influenced assemblages; and (3) the highest abundance was due to direct exposure to the polluted coast of Sfax and the effect of tidal asymmetries generating nutrient-rich inputs from the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Brahim Mounir
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologie de la Mer, Centre de Sfax BP 1035, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
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Rekik A, Maalej S, Ayadi H, Aleya L. Restoration impact of an uncontrolled phosphogypsum dump site on the seasonal distribution of abiotic variables, phytoplankton and zooplankton along the near shore of the south-western Mediterranean coast. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:3718-3734. [PMID: 23149925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
'In connection with the Taparura Project, we studied the distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in relation to environmental variables at 18 stations sampled during four coastal cruises conducted between October 2009 and July 2010 on the north coast of Sfax (Tunisia, western Mediterranean Sea). The inshore location was largely dominated by diatoms (66 %) represented essentially by members of the genera Navicula, Grammatophora, and Licmophora. Dinophyceae were numerically the second largest group and showed an enhanced species richness. Cyanobacteriae developed in association with an important proliferation of colonial Trichodesmium erythraeum, contributing 39.4 % of total phytoplankton abundances. The results suggest that phytoplankters are generally adapted to specific environmental conditions. Copepods were the most abundant zooplankton group (82 %) of total zooplankton. A total of 21 copepod species were identified in all stations, with an overwhelming abundance of Oithona similis in autumn and summer, Euterpina acutifrons in winter, and Oncaea conifera in spring. The phosphogypsum restoration had been acutely necessary allowing dominant zooplankton species to exploit a wide range of food resources including phytoplankton and thus improving water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Rekik
- Département des Sciences de la Vie. Unité de recherche LR/UR/05ES05 Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route Soukra Km 3.5-BP 1171, CP 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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Dhib A, Frossard V, Turki S, Aleya L. Dynamics of harmful dinoflagellates driven by temperature and salinity in a northeastern Mediterranean lagoon. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:3369-3382. [PMID: 22832846 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To attempt to determine the effects of temperature and salinity on the dynamics of the dinoflagellate community, a monthly sampling was carried out from October 2008 to March 2009 at eight sampling stations in Ghar El Melh Lagoon (GML; Mediterranean Sea, Northern Tunisia). Dinoflagellates were dominant among plankton, accounting for 73.9 % of the lagoon's overall plankton community, and were comprised of 25 different species among which 17 were reported in the literature as harmful. While no significant difference was found in the distribution of dinoflagellates among the stations, a strong monthly difference was observed. This temporal variability was due to an increase in the abundance of Prorocentrum micans from December to February, leading to a strong decrease in the Shannon diversity index from station to station. At the onset of P. micans development, dinoflagellate abundances reached 1.26.10(5) cells l(-1). A redundance analysis indicates that both temperature and salinity have a significant effect on the dynamics of the dinoflagellate community. Using a generalized additive model, both temperature and salinity appear to have significant nonlinear relationships with P. micans abundances. Model predictions indicate that outbreaks of P. micans may occur at a temperature below 22.5 °C and with salinity above 32.5. We discuss our results against a backdrop of climate change which, by affecting temperature and salinity, is likely to have an antagonistic impact on P. micans development and subsequently on the dinoflagellate dynamics in GML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dhib
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, La Goulette Port de Pêche, 2060 Tunisia
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Kobbi-Rebai R, Annabi-Trabelsi N, Khemakhem H, Ayadi H, Aleya L. Impacts of restoration of an uncontrolled phosphogypsum dumpsite on the seasonal distribution of abiotic variables, phytoplankton, copepods, and ciliates in a man-made solar saltern. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2139-2155. [PMID: 22628105 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The restoration of an uncontrolled phosphogypsum landfill was investigated for its effects on the seasonal distribution of phytoplankton, ciliates, and copepods. Sampling was carried out monthly from September 2007 to August 2008 at four ponds of increasing salinity (A1, 41 psu; A5, 46 psu; A16, 67 psu; and C31, 77 psu) in the Sfax solar saltern (southeastern Tunisia). Physicochemical and biological analyses were carried out using standard methods. Results showed drastic reduction of phosphate input and greater diversity of phytoplankton, ciliates, and copepods than before restoration. Pennate diatoms and new ciliates, considered bio-indicators of less-stressed marine ecosystems, proliferated in the A1 pond for the first time after restoration. Copepods appeared to feed on a wide range of prey. Economically, removal of the 1.7 million m(3) of phosphate improved the quality of the site's salt production, enabling the salt company to receive the quality ISO 9001 accreditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayda Kobbi-Rebai
- Département des Sciences de la Vie, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Unité de recherche UR/05ES05 Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Route Soukra Km 3,5, B.P. 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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Rekik A, Denis M, Aleya L, Maalej S, Ayadi H. Spring plankton community structure and distribution in the north and south coasts of Sfax (Tunisia) after north coast restoration. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 67:82-93. [PMID: 23260651 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The first phase of the Taparura Project aimed at restoring the north coast of Sfax (Tunisia), highly polluted by phosphate industry and uncontrolled phosphogypsum dumping. Before restoration of the north coast of Sfax, we investigated the state of the ecosystem in related coastal waters. To establish the impact of the Taparura Project, we conducted a similar study both after restoration. To discriminate natural changes over time, we extended the study to the south coast of Sfax, submitted to the same industrial pressure but not yet restored. The present study, conducted in May 2010 at 36 stations (18 on each coast, north and south), covered the spatial distribution of the microbial assemblage, nutrients, and abiotic parameters by collecting seawater samples at the surface and the water-sediment interface. Results revealed a striking difference between the two coasts regarding pH, with strong acidification of seawater in the south, likely generated by industrial activity. Suspended matter was higher in the north than in the south. Flow cytometry analysis of ultraphytoplankton (<10 μm) resolved six groups (Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, nanoeukaryotes and three distinct subgroups within picoeukaryotes). In addition to these autotrophic groups, two unknown groups were characterised on the south coast. Heterotrophic prokaryotes were resolved into three groups, labelled LNA (low nucleic acid content), HNA1 and HNA2 (high nucleic acid content). Prochloroccocus, pico-nano-microphytoplankton, heterotrophic prokaryotes and ciliates were more abundant in the north, whereas Synechococcus and unknown species were more abundant in the south where chl a concentration was also higher. The results show that restoration had positive effects on the microbial assemblage of the north coast; they also highlight the strong acidification still prevalent in the south that may be responsible for the lower development of most phytoplankton groups and the occurrence of unknown species. The case for restoration of the city's south coast is also reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Rekik
- Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Département des Sciences de la Vie. Unité de recherche LR/UR/05ES05Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Route Soukra Km 3.5 - BP 1171 - CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
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