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Liu SS, Song JM, Li XG, Yuan HM, Duan LQ, Li SC, Wang ZB, Ma J. Enhancing CO 2 storage and marine carbon sink based on seawater mineral carbonation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116685. [PMID: 39002220 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Human activities emitting carbon dioxide (CO2) have caused severe greenhouse effects and accelerated climate change, making carbon neutrality urgent. Seawater mineral carbonation technology offers a promising negative emission strategy. This work investigates current advancements in proposed seawater mineral carbonation technologies, including CO2 storage and ocean chemical carbon sequestration. CO2 storage technology relies on indirect mineral carbonation to fix CO2, involving CO2 dissolution, Ca/Mg extraction, and carbonate precipitation, optimized by adding alkaline substances or using electrochemical methods. Ocean chemical carbon sequestration uses natural seawater for direct mineral carbonation, enhanced by adding specific materials to promote carbonate precipitation and increase CO2 absorption, thus enhancing marine carbon sinks. This study evaluates these technologies' advantages and challenges, including reaction rates, costs, and ecological impacts, and analyzes representative materials' carbon fixation potential. Literature indicates that seawater mineral carbonation can play a significant role in CO2 storage and enhancing marine carbon sinks in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jin Ming Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xue Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hua Mao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Qin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wang M, Zhou J, Ge J, Tang Y, Xu G. Exploration of Synergistic Regulation Mechanisms of Cerebral Ganglion and Muscle in Eriocheir sinensis Activated in Response to Alkalinity Stress. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2374. [PMID: 39199908 PMCID: PMC11350872 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebral ganglion and muscle are important regulatory tissues in Eriocheir sinensis. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore their synergistic roles in this organism's anti-stress response. In this study, proteomics, metabolomics, and combination analyses of the cerebral ganglion and muscle of E. sinensis under alkalinity stress were performed. The cerebral ganglion and muscle played a significant synergistic regulatory role in alkalinity adaptation. The key regulatory pathways involved were amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, signal transduction, and the organismal system. They also played a modulatory role in the TCA cycle, nerve signal transduction, immune response, homeostasis maintenance, and ion channel function. In conclusion, the present study provides a theoretical reference for further research on the mechanisms regulating the growth and development of E. sinensis in saline-alkaline environments. In addition, it provides theoretical guidelines for promoting the vigorous development of the E. sinensis breeding industry in saline-alkaline environments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China;
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China; (J.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Jiachun Ge
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China; (J.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Yongkai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China;
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China;
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
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Kim R, Jo J, Yoon H, Park JW. Ultra-high performance concrete alleviates ecotoxicological effects in aquatic organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172538. [PMID: 38636863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement of cementitious material technologies, ultra-high performance concretes incorporating nano- and(or) micro-sized particle materials have been developed; however, their environmental risks are still poorly understood. This study investigates the ecotoxicological effects of ultra-high performance concrete (UC) leachate by comparing with that of the conventional concrete (CC) leachate. For this purpose, a dynamic leaching test and a battery test with algae, water flea, and zebrafish were performed using standardized protocols. The conductivity, concentration of inorganic elements (Al, K, Na, and Fe), and total organic concentration were lower in the UC leachate than in the CC leachate. The EC50 values of the CC and UC leachates were 44.9 % and >100 % in algae, and 8.0 % and 63.1 % in water flea, respectively. All zebrafish exposed to the CC and UC leachates survived. A comprehensive evaluation of the ecotoxicity of the CC and UC leachate based on the toxicity classification system (TCS) showed that their toxicity classification was "highly acute toxicity" and "acute toxicity", respectively. Based on the hazard quotient and principal component analysis, Al and(or) K could be significant factors determining the ecotoxicity of concrete leachate. Furthermore, the ecotoxicity of UC could not be attributed to the use of silica-based materials or multi-wall carbon nanotubes. This study is the first of its kind on the ecotoxicity of UC leachate in aquatic environments, and the results of this study can be used to develop environment-friendly UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Kim
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungman Jo
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakwon Yoon
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - June-Woo Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Lin Z, Zheng X, Chen J. Deciphering pH-dependent microbial taxa and functional gene co-occurrence in the coral Galaxea fascicularis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1856-1868. [PMID: 36719456 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
How the coral microbiome responds to oceanic pH changes due to anthropogenic climate change, including ocean acidification and deliberate artificial alkalization, remains an open question. Here, we applied a 16S profile and GeoChip approach to microbial taxonomic and gene functional landscapes in the coral Galaxea fascicularis under three pH levels (7.85, 8.15, and 8.45) and tested the influence of pH changes on the cell growth of several coral-associated strains and bacterial populations. Statistical analysis of GeoChip-based data suggested that both ocean acidification and alkalization destabilized functional cores related to aromatic degradation, carbon degradation, carbon fixation, stress response, and antibiotic biosynthesis in the microbiome, which are related to holobiont carbon cycling and health. The taxonomic analysis revealed that bacterial species richness was not significantly different among the three pH treatments, but the community compositions were significantly distinct. Acute seawater alkalization leads to an increase in pathogens as well as a stronger taxonomic shift than acidification, which is worth considering when using artificial ocean alkalization to protect coral ecosystems from ocean acidification. In addition, our co-occurrence network analysis reflected microbial community and functional shifts in response to pH change cues, which will further help to understand the functional ecological role of the microbiome in coral resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
- Technology Innovation Center for Monitoring and Restoration Engineering of Ecological Fragile Zone in Southeast China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Xinqing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, 356015, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
- Technology Innovation Center for Monitoring and Restoration Engineering of Ecological Fragile Zone in Southeast China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Gately JA, Kim SM, Jin B, Brzezinski MA, Iglesias-Rodriguez MD. Coccolithophores and diatoms resilient to ocean alkalinity enhancement: A glimpse of hope? SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6066. [PMID: 37315127 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly apparent that adequately mitigating anthropogenic climate interference will require ocean carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an abiotic ocean CDR approach that aims to increase the ocean's CO2 uptake capacity through the dispersal of pulverized mineral or dissolved alkali into the surface ocean. However, OAE's effect on marine biota is largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the impacts of moderate (~700 μmol kg-1) and high (~2700 μmol kg-1) limestone-inspired alkalinity additions on two biogeochemically and ecologically important phytoplankton functional group representatives: Emiliania huxleyi (calcium carbonate producer) and Chaetoceros sp. (silica producer). The growth rate and elemental ratios of both taxa showed a neutral response to limestone-inspired alkalinization. While our results are encouraging, we also observed abiotic mineral precipitation, which removed nutrients and alkalinity from solution. Our findings offer an evaluation of biogeochemical and physiological responses to OAE and provide evidence supporting the need for continued research into how OAE strategies affect marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Gately
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Sylvia M Kim
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Benjamin Jin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Mark A Brzezinski
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Maria D Iglesias-Rodriguez
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Kirchner JS, Berry A, Ohnemüller F, Schnetger B, Erich E, Brumsack HJ, Lettmann KA. Reducing CO 2 Emissions of a Coal-Fired Power Plant via Accelerated Weathering of Limestone: Carbon Capture Efficiency and Environmental Safety. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4528-4535. [PMID: 32167291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reducing CO2 emissions is a key task of modern society to attenuate climate change and its environmental effects. Accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) has been proposed as a tool to capture CO2 from effluent gas streams and store it primarily as bicarbonate in the marine environment. We evaluated the performance of the biggest AWL-reactor to date that was installed at a coal-fired power plant in Germany. Depending on the gas flow rate, approximately 55% of the CO2 could be removed from the flue gas. The generated product water was characterized by an up to 5-fold increase in alkalinity, which indicates the successful weathering of limestone and the long-term storage of the captured CO2. A rise of potentially harmful substances in the product water (NO2-, NOx-, NH4+, SO42-, and heavy metals) or in unreacted limestone particles (heavy metals) to levels of environmental concern could not be observed, most likely as a result of a desulfurization of the flue gas before it entered the AWL reactor. At locations where limestone and water availability is high, AWL could be used for a safe and long-term storage of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Kirchner
- Microbiogeochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26129, Germany
- Physical Oceanography (Theory), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26129, Germany
| | - Andrew Berry
- Institute for Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA e.V.), Duisburg D-47229, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Schnetger
- Microbiogeochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26129, Germany
| | - Egon Erich
- Institute for Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA e.V.), Duisburg D-47229, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Brumsack
- Microbiogeochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26129, Germany
| | - Karsten A Lettmann
- Physical Oceanography (Theory), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26129, Germany
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Beerling DJ, Leake JR, Long SP, Scholes JD, Ton J, Nelson PN, Bird M, Kantzas E, Taylor LL, Sarkar B, Kelland M, DeLucia E, Kantola I, Müller C, Rau G, Hansen J. Farming with crops and rocks to address global climate, food and soil security. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:138-147. [PMID: 29459727 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of future climate change could be moderated by immediately reducing the amount of CO2 entering the atmosphere as a result of energy generation and by adopting strategies that actively remove CO2 from it. Biogeochemical improvement of soils by adding crushed, fast-reacting silicate rocks to croplands is one such CO2-removal strategy. This approach has the potential to improve crop production, increase protection from pests and diseases, and restore soil fertility and structure. Managed croplands worldwide are already equipped for frequent rock dust additions to soils, making rapid adoption at scale feasible, and the potential benefits could generate financial incentives for widespread adoption in the agricultural sector. However, there are still obstacles to be surmounted. Audited field-scale assessments of the efficacy of CO2 capture are urgently required together with detailed environmental monitoring. A cost-effective way to meet the rock requirements for CO2 removal must be found, possibly involving the recycling of silicate waste materials. Finally, issues of public perception, trust and acceptance must also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Beerling
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Jonathan R Leake
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen P Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Julie D Scholes
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jurriaan Ton
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul N Nelson
- College of Science and Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Bird
- College of Science and Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Euripides Kantzas
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lyla L Taylor
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mike Kelland
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Evan DeLucia
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ilsa Kantola
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Greg Rau
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - James Hansen
- Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Rivera-Ingraham GA, Barri K, Boël M, Farcy E, Charles AL, Geny B, Lignot JH. Osmoregulation and salinity-induced oxidative stress: is oxidative adaptation determined by gill function? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 219:80-9. [PMID: 26567341 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.128595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osmoregulating decapods such as the Mediterranean green crab Carcinus aestuarii possess two groups of spatially segregated gills: anterior gills serve mainly respiratory purposes, while posterior gills contain osmoregulatory structures. The co-existence of similar tissues serving different functions allows the study of differential adaptation, in terms of free radical metabolism, upon salinity change. Crabs were immersed for 2 weeks in seawater (SW, 37 ppt), diluted SW (dSW, 10 ppt) and concentrated SW (cSW, 45 ppt). Exposure to dSW was the most challenging condition, elevating respiration rates of whole animals and free radical formation in hemolymph (assessed fluorometrically using C-H2DFFDA). Further analyses considered anterior and posterior gills separately, and the results showed that posterior gills are the main tissues fueling osmoregulatory-related processes because their respiration rates in dSW were 3.2-fold higher than those of anterior gills, and this was accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial density (citrate synthase activity) and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation (1.4-fold greater, measured through electron paramagnetic resonance). Paradoxically, these posterior gills showed undisturbed caspase 3/7 activity, used here as a marker for apoptosis. This may only be due to the high antioxidant protection that posterior gills benefit from [superoxide dismutase (SOD) in posterior gills was over 6 times higher than in anterior gills]. In conclusion, osmoregulating posterior gills are better adapted to dSW exposure than respiratory anterior gills because they are capable of controlling the deleterious effects of the ROS production resulting from this salinity-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina A Rivera-Ingraham
- Groupe fonctionnel AEO (Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse), Université de Montpellier, UMR 9190 MARBEC, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Kiam Barri
- Groupe fonctionnel AEO (Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse), Université de Montpellier, UMR 9190 MARBEC, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Mélanie Boël
- Groupe fonctionnel AEO (Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse), Université de Montpellier, UMR 9190 MARBEC, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Emilie Farcy
- Groupe fonctionnel AEO (Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse), Université de Montpellier, UMR 9190 MARBEC, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- EA 3072, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 11 rue Humann, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- EA 3072, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 11 rue Humann, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- Groupe fonctionnel AEO (Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse), Université de Montpellier, UMR 9190 MARBEC, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095, France
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Rodrigues ET, Pardal MÂ. The crab Carcinus maenas as a suitable experimental model in ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 70:158-182. [PMID: 24934856 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecotoxicology broadly focuses on how aquatic organisms interact with pollutants in their environment in order to determine environmental hazard and potential risks to humans. Research has produced increasing evidence on the pivotal role of aquatic invertebrates in the assessment of the impact of pollutants on the environment. Its potential use to replace fish bioassays, which offers ethical advantages, has already been widely studied. Nevertheless, the selection of adequate invertebrate experimental models, appropriate experimental designs and bioassays, as well as the control of potential confounding factors in toxicity testing are of major importance to obtain scientifically valid results. Therefore, the present study reviews more than four decades of published research papers in which the Green crab Carcinus maenas was used as an experimental test organism. In general, the surveyed literature indicates that C. maenas is sensitive to a wide range of aquatic pollutants and that its biological responses are linked to exposure concentrations or doses. Current scientific knowledge regarding the biology and ecology of C. maenas and the extensive studies on toxicology found for the present review recognise the Green crab as a reliable estuarine/marine model for routine testing in ecotoxicology research and environmental quality assessment, especially in what concerns the application of the biomarker approach. Data gathered provide valuable information for the selection of adequate and trustworthy bioassays to be used in C. maenas toxicity testing. Since the final expression of high quality testing is a reliable outcome, the present review recommends gender, size and morphotype separation in C. maenas experimental designs and data evaluation. Moreover, the organisms' nutritional status should be taken into account, especially in long-term studies. Studies should also consider the crabs' resilience when facing historical and concurrent contamination. Finally, experimental temperature and salinity should be harmonised so as to obtain reliable comparisons between different studies. Concerning future reaserch areas, data gathered in the present review reveals that in vitro assays derived from C. maenas are still lacking. Also, a complete C. maenas genome sequencing programme will be essencial for cutting-edge reseach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Teresa Rodrigues
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Ângelo Pardal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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10
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Potential climate engineering effectiveness and side effects during a high carbon dioxide-emission scenario. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3304. [PMID: 24569320 PMCID: PMC3948393 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization that mitigation efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions have, until now, been relatively ineffective has led to an increasing interest in climate engineering as a possible means of preventing the potentially catastrophic consequences of climate change. While many studies have addressed the potential effectiveness of individual methods there have been few attempts to compare them. Here we use an Earth system model to compare the effectiveness and side effects of afforestation, artificial ocean upwelling, ocean iron fertilization, ocean alkalinization and solar radiation management during a high carbon dioxide-emission scenario. We find that even when applied continuously and at scales as large as currently deemed possible, all methods are, individually, either relatively ineffective with limited (<8%) warming reductions, or they have potentially severe side effects and cannot be stopped without causing rapid climate change. Our simulations suggest that the potential for these types of climate engineering to make up for failed mitigation may be very limited. The effectiveness of climate engineering in averting potentially catastrophic climate change has thus far been poorly evaluated. Keller et al. use an Earth system model to show that five different climate engineering scenarios are likely to have either a limited impact or potentially severe side effects.
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