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Li P, Mei J, Xie J. The regulation of carbon dioxide on food microorganisms: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113170. [PMID: 37689923 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a survey of two extremely important technologies about CO2 with the effectiveness of controlling microorganisms - atmospheric pressure CO2-based modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and high pressure CO2 non-thermal pasteurization (HPCD). CO2-based MAP is effectively in delaying the lag and logarithmic phases of microorganisms by replacing the surrounding air, while HPCD achieved sterilization by subjecting food to either subcritical or supercritical CO2 for some time in a continuous, batch or semi-batch way. In addition to the advantages of healthy, eco-friendly, quality-preserving, effective characteristic, some challenges such as the high drip loss and packaging collapse associated with higher concentration of CO2, the fuzzy mechanisms of oxidative stress, the unproven specific metabolic pathways and biomarkers, etc., in CO2-based MAP, and the unavoidable extraction of bioactive compounds, the challenging application in solid foods with higher efficiency, the difficult balance between optimal sterilization and optimal food quality, etc., in HPCD still need more efforts to overcome. The action mechanism of CO2 on microorganisms, researches in recent years, problems and future perspectives are summarized. When dissolved in solution medium or cellular fluids, CO2 can form carbonic acid (H2CO3), and H2CO3 can further dissociate into bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), carbonate (CO32-) and hydrogen cations (H+) ionic species following series equilibria. The action mode of CO2 on microorganisms may be relevant to changes in intracellular pH, alteration of proteins, enzyme structure and function, alteration of cell membrane function and fluidity, and so on. Nevertheless, the effects of CO2 on microbial biofilms, energy metabolism, protein and gene expression also need to be explored more extensively and deeply to further understand the action mechanism of CO2 on microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116034, China.
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Conradi M, Sánchez-Moyano JE, Galotti A, Jiménez-Gómez F, Jiménez-Melero R, Guerrero F, Parra G, Bonnail E, DelValls TÁ. CO 2 leakage simulation: Effects of the decreasing pH to the survival and reproduction of two crustacean species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 143:33-41. [PMID: 31789163 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of CO2-related acidification on two crustacean populations, the isopod Cyathura carinata and the amphipod Elasmopus rapax, were studied. Three pH levels were tested: artificial seawater without CO2 injection and two levels of reduced pH. Even though RNA:DNA ratio was reduced for both species, no statistical significant differences were found between the control and the treatments. Both species experienced a reduction in survivorship, longevity and the body length of surviving animals; although the impairment observed in E. rapax was more severe than in C. carinata. The long life span isopod and the short life span amphipod experienced a high degree of impairment in the reproduction, likely due to the reallocation of resources from reproduction to body maintenance and increasing survival by postponing the brood production. Regardless of the underlying processes and the energetic pathways, both experienced failure to reproduce, which could lead to the local extinction of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Conradi
- Department of de Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - J E Sánchez-Moyano
- Department of de Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Galotti
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Centre of Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - F Jiménez-Gómez
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Centre of Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - R Jiménez-Melero
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Centre of Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - F Guerrero
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Centre of Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - G Parra
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Centre of Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - E Bonnail
- Centro de Investigaciones Costeras Universidad de Atacama (CIC-UDA), Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Atacama, Chile.
| | - T Á DelValls
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University (UNISANTA), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yu T, Chen Y. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on environmental microbes and its mechanisms: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:865-879. [PMID: 30481713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Before the industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO2 concentration was 180-330 ppm; however, fossil-fuel combustion and forest destruction have led to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. CO2 capture and storage is regarded as a promising strategy to prevent global warming and ocean acidification and to alleviate elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, but the leakage of CO2 from storage system can lead to rapid acidification of the surrounding circumstance, which might cause negative influence on environmental microbes. The effects of elevated CO2 on microbes have been reported extensively, but the review regarding CO2 affecting different environmental microorganisms has never been done previously. Also, the mechanisms of CO2 affecting environmental microorganisms are usually contributed to the change of pH values, while the direct influences of CO2 on microorganisms were often neglected. This paper aimed to provide a systematic review of elevated CO2 affecting environmental microbes and its mechanisms. Firstly, the influences of elevated CO2 and potential leakage of CO2 from storage sites on community structures and diversity of different surrounding environmental microbes were assessed and compared. Secondly, the adverse impacts of CO2 on microbial growth, cell morphology and membranes, bacterial spores, and microbial metabolism were introduced. Then, based on biochemical principles and knowledge of microbiology and molecular biology, the fundamental mechanisms of the influences of carbon dioxide on environmental microbes were discussed from the aspects of enzyme activity, electron generation and transfer, and key gene and protein expressions. Finally, key questions relevant to the environmental effect of CO2 that need to be answered in the future were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Bautista-Chamizo E, Sendra M, Cid Á, Seoane M, Romano de Orte M, Riba I. Will temperature and salinity changes exacerbate the effects of seawater acidification on the marine microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:87-94. [PMID: 29626774 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects related to the combination of potential future changes in pH, temperature and salinity on microalgae, a laboratory experiment was performed using the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Populations of this species were exposed during 48h to a three-factor experimental design (3×2×2) with two artificial pH values (6, 7.4), two levels of temperature (23°C, 28°C), two levels of salinity (34psu, 40psu) and a control (pH8, Temp 23°C, Sal 34psu). The effects on growth, cell viability, metabolic activity, and inherent cell properties (size, complexity and autofluorescence) of P. tricornutum were studied using flow cytometry. The results showed adverse effects on cultures exposed to pH6 and high temperature and salinity, being the inherent cell properties the most sensitive response. Also, linked effects of these parameters resulted on cell viability and cell size decrease and an increase of cell autofluorescence. The conclusions obtained from this work are useful to address the potential effects of climate change (in terms of changes on pH, salinity and temperature) in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bautista-Chamizo
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Marta Sendra
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Costera, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Spain
| | - Ángeles Cid
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Spain
| | - Marta Seoane
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Spain
| | - Manoela Romano de Orte
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Campus Baixada Santista, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, USA
| | - Inmaculada Riba
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain
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Díaz-García A, Borrero-Santiago AR, Riba I. Implications in studies of environmental risk assessments: Does culture medium influence the results of toxicity tests of marine bacteria? CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:24-30. [PMID: 29679785 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two marine bacterial populations (Roseobacter sp. and Pseudomonas litoralis) were exposed to different concentrations of zinc (300, 625, 1250, 2000, 2500 and 5000 mg L-1) and cadmium (75, 250, 340, 500 and 1000 mg L-1) using two culture media (full nutrient Marine Broth 2216 "MB" and 1:10 (vol/vol) dilution with seawater of Marine Broth 2216 "MBSW"), in order to assess population responses depending on the culture medium and also potential adverse effects associated with these two metals. Different responses were found depending on the culture medium (Bacterial abundance (cells·mL-1), growth rates (μ, hours-1), and production of Extracellular Polysaccharides Substances (EPS) (μg glucose·cells-1). Results showed negative effects in both strains after the exposure to Zn treatments. Both strains showed highest metal sensitivity at low concentrations using both culture media. However, different results were found when exposing the bacterial populations to Cd treatments depending on the culture medium. Highest toxicity was observed using MB at low levels of Cd concentrations, whereas MBSW showed toxicity to bacteria at higher concentrations of Cd. Results not only showed adverse effects on Roseobacter sp. and Pseudomonas litoralis associated with the concentration of Zn and Cd, but also confirm that depending on the culture medium results can differ. This work suggests MBSW as an adequate culture medium to study metal toxicity bioassays in order to predict realistic effects on marine bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Díaz-García
- UNESCO/UNITWIN Wicop, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Science, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro S/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; C.I.C.A. Ingenieros Consultores Perú S.A.C., Av. Javier Prado Este, 492, San Isidro, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana R Borrero-Santiago
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Inmaculada Riba
- UNESCO/UNITWIN Wicop, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Science, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro S/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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