Synthetic lipids as a biocide candidate for disinfection of ballast water

Synthesis of Lysoglycerophosphocholines from Crude Soybean Lecithins as Sustainable and Non-toxic Antifouling Agents against the Golden Mussel Limnoperna fortunei

This research aimed to produce, on a multigram scale, a new class of non-toxic, halogen- and metal-free antifouling agents from the abundant lecithin byproducts of industrial soybean oil extraction. Three glycerophospholipid analogues were prepared by a facile methanolysis of crude soybean lecithins and a subsequent solvent-free O-alkylation: lysoglycerophosphocholines (LGPCs) and its ether derivatives O-alkyl lysoglycerophosphocholines (ALPCs). As efficient antiproliferative agents, LGPCs and ALPCs are an eco-friendly alternative to current commercial antifoulants which possess significant toxicity to aquatic life. In situ immersion tests of coated stainless-steel nets with previously incorporated automotive paint products, LGPCs and ALPCs (1-O-octadecyl-2-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, ALPC18, and 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, ALPC16), in an aquaculture reservoir in SP-Brazil revealed significant growth inhibition against macrofouling species, especially the epibiotic golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei), when compared with the control. These results promise a more sustainable and ecologically innocuous approach to combating the biofouling phenomenon and the deeply concerning dissemination of the golden mussel which has provoked an economic crisis in the energy and aquaculture sectors.

Recent progress and challenges facing ballast water treatment - A review

The transoceanic movement of non-indigenous microorganisms and organic and inorganic contaminants through the transfer of ballast water of ocean-going vessels can be considered highly likely. The introduction of contaminants and non-indigenous microorganisms can cause changes in indigenous microorganisms, marine species, and biota, which can create problems for the ecology, economy, environment, and human health. This paper compiles and presents ballast water treatment system concepts, principles of inactivation mechanisms used, and the advantages and challenges of the treatment technologies. In addition, the paper aims to draw attention to the relationship between various organisms and the individual mechanism to be inactivated, including the effect of external factors (e.g., pH, salinity, turbidity) on inactivation efficiency. This review can assist in the choice of a suitable ballast water treatment system, taking into account the water conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, salinity) and indigenous species of the maritime areas where the ships intend to operate. This review also provides information describing the responses of the various organisms to different treatment techniques.

Biocides as Biomedicines against Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

Biocides are currently considered the first line of defense against foodborne pathogens in hospitals or food processing facilities due to the versatility and efficiency of their chemical active ingredients. Understanding the biological mechanisms responsible for their increased efficiency, especially when used against foodborne pathogens on contaminated surfaces and materials, represents an essential first step in the implementation of efficient strategies for disinfection as choosing an unsuitable product can lead to antibiocide resistance or antibiotic–biocide cross-resistance. This review describes these biological mechanisms for the most common foodborne pathogens and focuses mainly on the antipathogen effect, highlighting the latest developments based on in vitro and in vivo studies. We focus on biocides with inhibitory effects against foodborne bacteria (e.g., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp.), aiming to understand their biological mechanisms of action by looking at the most recent scientific evidence in the field.

Synthesis of natural 1-O-alkylglycerols: a study on the chemoselective opening of the epoxide ring by onium quaternary salts (N and P) and ionic liquids

A chemoselective route for the synthesis of 1-O-alkylglycerols chimyl (1), batyl (2), and selachyl (3) is reported.