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Contreras E, Jurado-Ezqueta M, Pimentel R, Serrano L, Hidalgo C, Jiménez A, Polo MJ. Assessment of seasonal and annual patterns in phosphorus content in a monitored catchment through a partitioning approach based on hydrometeorological data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117501. [PMID: 37996003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
High amounts of phosphorus (P) in rivers come mainly from two sources: fertilizers washed off from agricultural and urban areas by runoff water (non-point sources) and urban and industrial development which are translated in P discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). This work analyses the content of P in water for nearly 40 years inquiring into the origin of the sources, based on the hypothesis of runoff generation from the detection of river streamflow increases during the P contribution episode and the previous precipitation. For this purpose, the Guadaira River, which is located in the South of Spain and has a drainage surface of 1524 km2, was selected. In this watershed agricultural land use converges with numerous human activities resulting in high pressures on water quality. We found 40% of the P contribution episodes found seem to come from the runoff generated after the heaviest rainfall events, which normally occur between November and May. The remaining 60% of the P contribution episodes were found to be linked to point sources, which become more relevant from June to September, reaching the highest concentration values (6-17 mg/L). The results highlight that the target phosphate concentration value of 0.34 mg PO4/L imposed by the national legislation for a good state following the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC is exceeded by 96% of the measurements during the period from 1981 to 2022. On a monthly basis, PO4 loads showed a linear relationship with river streamflow (R2 = 0.94). However, on field measurements scale, a potential relationship between both variables was found, which changed according to the improvement in the wastewater treatment and facilities for 1982-1994, 1995-2017 and 2018-2022. In these three periods, different significant decreasing trends of the P content were found, mainly marked by the setup of each individual WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Contreras
- Fluvial Dynamics and Hydrology Research Group, Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - M Jurado-Ezqueta
- Fluvial Dynamics and Hydrology Research Group, Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - R Pimentel
- Fluvial Dynamics and Hydrology Research Group, Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - L Serrano
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - C Hidalgo
- Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems Department, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.
| | - A Jiménez
- Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems Department, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.
| | - M J Polo
- Fluvial Dynamics and Hydrology Research Group, Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
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Wei H, Pan D, Zhou Z, Han H, Zhu R. On-site electrochemical determination of phosphate with high sensitivity and anti-interference ability in turbid coastal waters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112444. [PMID: 34174734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate is considered to be an important biogenic element and responsible for eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems, existing in both dissolved and absorbed forms. Due to the complex matrix of coastal seawater, a high sensitivity and anti-interference method for phosphate detection is required for environmental protection. In this study, a novel electrochemical method was proposed based on reduced graphene oxide-ordered mesoporous carbon screen-printed electrode (rGO-OMC/SPE) analysis, allowing sensitivity and reliable determination of phosphate in turbid coastal waters. Combining the good absorption capacity of OMC with the excellent electroconductivity of rGO, the fabricated electrode exhibits improved signal responses, enhanced by up to 43-fold. The platform was evaluated using turbidity interference test with good recovery percentages comprised between 96% and 105% in different phosphate concentration, and salinity interference test between 92% and 105%, respectively. A linear range from 0.2 to 150 μM phosphate was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.05 μM (s/n = 3). The fabricated platform was successfully used for on-site analysis of phosphate in turbid coastal waters. This reliable and effective method for the analysis of phosphate in turbid coastal waters allows for sensitivity and anti-interference determination, while also representing a significant step towards comprehensive and convenient analysis of phosphorus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Dawei Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Zhengwen Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Haitao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Rilong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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Zhu J, Han G, Hu X, Zuo Y, Chen L, Wang F, Yang Y, Jiang F, Sun C, Zhao W, Han X. A Portable and Accurate Phosphate Sensor Using a Gradient Fabry-Pérot Array. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1381-1388. [PMID: 32314571 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, a portable and accurate phosphate sensor using a gradient Fabry-Pérot array (FPA) is proposed. It can form a bidirectional gradient concentration (absorbance) distribution in the gradient FPA, simplifying the complex operations to get a standard curve and saving time. The gradient FPA can effectively filter out the interference (bubbles, light intensity, and salinity) while improving the absorbance, achieving a highly accurate and stable detection. Besides, the smartphone simplifies data processing and makes sensors more portable. In this work, the detection errors of standard solutions (100, 50, and 30 μM) are 0.39, 1.48, and 1.84%, respectively, and it has also been demonstrated with errors of 2.46 (sample 1, seawater), 2.08 (sample 2, lake water), and 1.83% (sample 3, sewage) for natural samples detection, which is more accurate than a traditional analyzer. The sensor has a good performance when affected by bubbles, light intensity, and salinity. In addition, the detection time is shortened to 80 s, which is more time saving compared with traditional devices, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.4 μM. It can be predicted that the novel optofluidic sensor is conducive to build a smart nutrient monitoring system and will be applied in the field of biochemistry and environmental chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaomeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Guangwen Han
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuejia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yunfeng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Fenghua Jiang
- The First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- The First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaotian Han
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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