1
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Thangal SH, Nandhini Priya R, Vasuki C, Gayathri V, Anandhan K, Yogeshwaran A, Muralisankar T, Ramesh M, Rajaram R, Santhanam P, Venmathi Maran BA. The impact of ocean acidification and cadmium toxicity in the marine crab Scylla serrata: Biological indices and oxidative stress responses. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140447. [PMID: 37858766 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) and heavy metal pollution in marine environments are potentially threatening marine life. The interactive effect of OA and heavy metals could be more vulnerable to marine organisms than individual exposures. In the current study, the effect of OA on the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) in the crab Scylla serrata was evaluated. Crab instars (0.07 cm length and 0.1 g weight) were subjected to pH 8.2, 7.8, 7.6, 7.4, 7.2, and 7.0 with and without 0.01 mg l-1 of Cd for 60 days. We noticed a significant decrease in growth, molting, protein, carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, alkaline phosphatase, and haemocytes of crabs under OA + Cd compared to OA treatment. In contrast, the growth, protein, amino acid, and haemocyte levels were significantly affected by OA, Cd, and its interactions (OA + Cd). However, superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid peroxidation, glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, and accumulation of Cd in crabs were considerably elevated in OA + Cd treatments compared to OA alone treatments. The present investigation showed that the effect of Cd toxicity might be raised under OA on S. serrata. Our study demonstrated that OA significantly affects the biological indices and oxidative stress responses of S. serrata exposed to Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Hamid Thangal
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | - Velusamy Gayathri
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Krishnan Anandhan
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arumugam Yogeshwaran
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Mathan Ramesh
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajendran Rajaram
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Perumal Santhanam
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran
- Institute of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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2
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Chandra Rajan K, Li Y, Dang X, Lim YK, Suzuki M, Lee SW, Vengatesen T. Directional fabrication and dissolution of larval and juvenile oyster shells under ocean acidification. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20221216. [PMID: 36651043 PMCID: PMC9979777 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is one of the key biochemical processes in calcifying bivalve species such as oysters that is affected by ocean acidification (OA). Larval life stages of oysters are made of aragonite crystals whereas the adults are made of calcite and/or aragonite. Though both calcite and aragonite are crystal polymorphs of calcium carbonate, they have different mechanical properties and hence it is important to study the micro and nano structure of different life stages of oyster shells under OA to understand the mechanisms by which OA affects biomineralization ontogeny. Here, we have studied the larval and juvenile life stages of an economically and ecologically important estuarine oyster species, Crassostrea hongkongensis, under OA with focus over shell fabrication under OA (pHNBS 7.4). We also look at the effect of parental exposure to OA on larvae and juvenile microstructure. The micro and nanostructure characterization reveals directional fabrication of oyster shells, with more organized structure as biomineralization progresses. Under OA, both the larval and juvenile stages show directional dissolution, i.e. the earlier formed shell layers undergo dissolution at first, owing to longer exposure time. Despite dissolution, the micro and nanostructure of the shell remains unaffected under OA, irrespective of parental exposure history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmani Chandra Rajan
- School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Dang
- School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Kian Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- Centre for Aquaculture and Veterinary Science & School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Republic of South Korea
| | - Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
- School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
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3
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Dang X, Lee TH, Thiyagarajan V. Wild oyster population resistance to ocean acidification adversely affected by bacterial infection. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120813. [PMID: 36470456 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The carbon dioxide induced ocean acidification (OA) process is well known to have profound effects on physiology, survival and immune responses in marine organisms, and particularly calcifiers including edible oysters. At the same time, some wild populations could develop a complex and sophisticated immune system to cope with multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, such as bacterial infections and OA, over the long period of coevolution with the environment. However, it is unclear how immunological responses and the underlying mechanisms are altered under the combined effect of OA and bacterial infection, especially in the ecologically and economically important edible oysters. Here, we collected the wild population of oyster species Crassostrea hongkongensis (the Hong Kong oyster) from their native estuarine area and carried out a bacterial challenge with the worldwide pervasive pathogen of human foodborne disease, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, to investigate the host immune responses and molecular mechanisms under the high-CO2 and low pH-driven OA conditions. The wild population had a high immune resistance to OA, but the resistance is compromised under the combined effect of OA and bacterial infection both in vivo or in vitro. We classified all transcriptomic genes based on expression profiles and functional pathways and identified the specifically switched on and off genes and pathways under combined effect. These genes and pathways were mainly involved in multiple immunological processes including pathogen recognition, immune signal transduction and effectors. This work would help understand how the immunological function and mechanism response to bacterial infection in wild populations and predict the dynamic distribution of human health-related pathogens to reduce the risk of foodborne disease under the future climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tin Hang Lee
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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4
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Dang X, Lim YK, Li Y, Roberts SB, Li L, Thiyagarajan V. Epigenetic-associated phenotypic plasticity of the ocean acidification-acclimated edible oyster in the mariculture environment. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:412-427. [PMID: 36314404 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For marine invertebrates with a pelagic-benthic life cycle, larval exposure to ocean acidification (OA) can affect adult performance in response to another environmental stressor. This carry-over effect has the potential to alter phenotypic traits. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate "OA"-triggered carry-over effects have not been explored despite such information being key to improving species fitness and management strategies for aquafarming. This study integrated the genome-wide DNA methylome and transcriptome to examine epigenetic modification-mediated carry-over OA impacts on phenotypic traits of the ecologically and commercially important oyster species Crassostrea hongkongensis under field conditions. Larvae of C. hongkongensis were exposed to control pH 8.0 and low pH 7.4 conditions, mimicking near future OA scenario in their habitat, before being outplanted as post-metamorphic juveniles at two mariculture field sites with contrasting environmental stressors for 9 months. The larval carry-over OA effect was found to have persistent impacts on the growth and survival trade-off traits on the outplanted juveniles, although the beneficial or adverse effect depended on the environmental conditions at the outplanted sites. Site-specific plasticity was demonstrated with a diverse DNA methylation-associated gene expression profile, with signal transduction and the endocrine system being the most common and highly enriched functions. Highly methylated exons prevailed in the key genes related to general metabolic and endocytic responses and these genes are evolutionarily conserved in various marine invertebrates in response to OA. These results suggest that oysters with prior larval exposure history to OA had the ability to trigger rapid local adaptive responses via epigenetic modification to cope with multiple stressors in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong-Kian Lim
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Li Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,The Joint Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences (JLMEES), Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,The Joint Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences (JLMEES), The Swire Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Wang X, Li C, Lv Z, Zhang Z, Qiu L. A calcification-related calmodulin-like protein in the oyster Crassostrea gigas mediates the enhanced calcium deposition induced by CO 2 exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155114. [PMID: 35413345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium transportation and homeostasis are essential for marine bivalves to maintain basic metabolism and build their shells. Calmodulin-like proteins (CaLPs) are important calcium sensors and buffers and can respond to ocean acidification (OA) in marine calcifiers. However, no further study of their physiological function in calcium metabolism under elevated CO2 has been performed. Here, we identified a novel CaLP (designated CgCaLP) in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and demonstrated its participation in the calcification process: the mRNA expression level of CgCaLP peaked at the trochophore larval stage and remained high at stages when shells were shaped; the mRNA and protein of CgCaLP were more highly expressed in mantle tissue than in other tissues. Under elevated CO2 levels, the protein expression level of CgCaLP in hemocytes increased, while in contrast, significantly decreased protein levels were detected in gill and mantle tissues. Shell dissolution caused the imbalance of calcium in hemocytes and decreased calcium absorption and transportation demand in gill and mantle tissues, inducing the molecular function allocation of CgCaLP under CO2 exposure. Despite the decreased protein level in mantle tissue, CgCaLP was found to translocate to outer mantle epithelium (OME) cells where condensed calcium-rich deposits (CRDs) were detected. We further demonstrated that CgCaLP mRNA and protein expression levels could respond to seawater Ca2+ availability, suggesting that the calcium deposition capacity of oysters might be enhanced to fight against shell dissolution problems and that CgCaLP might serve as an essential participator of the process. In summary, CgCaLP might enhance calcium deposition under CO2 exposure and thus play a significant and flexible molecular function involved in a compensation strategy of oysters to fight against the acidified ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Changmei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
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6
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Bednaršek N, Beck MW, Pelletier G, Applebaum SL, Feely RA, Butler R, Byrne M, Peabody B, Davis J, Štrus J. Natural Analogues in pH Variability and Predictability across the Coastal Pacific Estuaries: Extrapolation of the Increased Oyster Dissolution under Increased pH Amplitude and Low Predictability Related to Ocean Acidification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9015-9028. [PMID: 35548856 PMCID: PMC9228044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Coastal-estuarine habitats are rapidly changing due to global climate change, with impacts influenced by the variability of carbonate chemistry conditions. However, our understanding of the responses of ecologically and economically important calcifiers to pH variability and temporal variation is limited, particularly with respect to shell-building processes. We investigated the mechanisms driving biomineralogical and physiological responses in juveniles of introduced (Pacific; Crassostrea gigas) and native (Olympia; Ostrea lurida) oysters under flow-through experimental conditions over a six-week period that simulate current and future conditions: static control and low pH (8.0 and 7.7); low pH with fluctuating (24-h) amplitude (7.7 ± 0.2 and 7.7 ± 0.5); and high-frequency (12-h) fluctuating (8.0 ± 0.2) treatment. The oysters showed physiological tolerance in vital processes, including calcification, respiration, clearance, and survival. However, shell dissolution significantly increased with larger amplitudes of pH variability compared to static pH conditions, attributable to the longer cumulative exposure to lower pH conditions, with the dissolution threshold of pH 7.7 with 0.2 amplitude. Moreover, the high-frequency treatment triggered significantly greater dissolution, likely because of the oyster's inability to respond to the unpredictable frequency of variations. The experimental findings were extrapolated to provide context for conditions existing in several Pacific coastal estuaries, with time series analyses demonstrating unique signatures of pH predictability and variability in these habitats, indicating potentially benefiting effects on fitness in these habitats. These implications are crucial for evaluating the suitability of coastal habitats for aquaculture, adaptation, and carbon dioxide removal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bednaršek
- Southern
California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
- National
Institute of Biology, Marine Biological Station, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - Marcus W. Beck
- Tampa
Bay Estuary Program, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | - Greg Pelletier
- Southern
California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Scott Lee Applebaum
- Environmental
Studies Program, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Richard A. Feely
- NOAA
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Robert Butler
- Southern
California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Maria Byrne
- School of
Life and Environmental Sciences, University
of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Betsy Peabody
- Puget
Sound Restoration Fund, Bainbridge
Island, Washington 98110, United States
| | - Jonathan Davis
- Pacific
Hybreed, Inc., Port Orchard, Washington 98366, United States
| | - Jasna Štrus
- Biotechnical
Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Abarca-Ortega A, Muñoz-Moya E, Pacheco Alarcón M, García-Herrera CM, Celentano DJ, Lagos NA, Lardies MA. Biomechanical Characterization of Scallop Shells Exposed to Ocean Acidification and Warming. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:813537. [PMID: 35127676 PMCID: PMC8811142 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.813537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased carbon dioxide levels (CO2) in the atmosphere triggered a cascade of physical and chemical changes in the ocean surface. Marine organisms producing carbonate shells are regarded as vulnerable to these physical (warming), and chemical (acidification) changes occurring in the oceans. In the last decade, the aquaculture production of the bivalve scallop Argopecten purpuratus (AP) showed declined trends along the Chilean coast. These negative trends have been ascribed to ecophysiological and biomineralization constraints in shell carbonate production. This work experimentally characterizes the biomechanical response of AP scallop shells subjected to climate change scenarios (acidification and warming) via quasi-static tensile and bending tests. The experimental results indicate the adaptation of mechanical properties to hostile growth scenarios in terms of temperature and water acidification. In addition, the mechanical response of the AP subjected to control climate conditions was analyzed with finite element simulations including an anisotropic elastic constitutive model for a two-fold purpose: Firstly, to calibrate the material model parameters using the tensile test curves in two mutually perpendicular directions (representative of the mechanical behavior of the material). Secondly, to validate this characterization procedure in predicting the material’s behavior in two mechanical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Abarca-Ortega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefano Muñoz-Moya
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Claudio M. García-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudio M. García-Herrera,
| | - Diego J. Celentano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Metalúrgica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson A. Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco A. Lardies
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile
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Plasticity in organic composition maintains biomechanical performance in shells of juvenile scallops exposed to altered temperature and pH conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24201. [PMID: 34921187 PMCID: PMC8683433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure to environmental variations in pH and temperature has proven impacts on benthic ectotherms calcifiers, as evidenced by tradeoffs between physiological processes. However, how these stressors affect structure and functionality of mollusk shells has received less attention. Episodic events of upwelling of deep cold and low pH waters are well documented in eastern boundary systems and may be stressful to mollusks, impairing both physiological and biomechanical performance. These events are projected to become more intense, and extensive in time with ongoing global warming. In this study, we evaluate the independent and interactive effects of temperature and pH on the biomineral and biomechanical properties of Argopecten purpuratus scallop shells. Total organic matter in the shell mineral increased under reduced pH (~ 7.7) and control conditions (pH ~ 8.0). The periostracum layer coating the outer shell surface showed increased protein content under low pH conditions but decreasing sulfate and polysaccharides content. Reduced pH negatively impacts shell density and increases the disorder in the orientation of calcite crystals. At elevated temperatures (18 °C), shell microhardness increased. Other biomechanical properties were not affected by pH/temperature treatments. Thus, under a reduction of 0.3 pH units and low temperature, the response of A. purpuratus was a tradeoff among organic compounds (biopolymer plasticity), density, and crystal organization (mineral plasticity) to maintain shell biomechanical performance, while increased temperature ameliorated the impacts on shell hardness. Biopolymer plasticity was associated with ecophysiological performance, indicating that, under the influence of natural fluctuations in pH and temperature, energetic constraints might be critical in modulating the long-term sustainability of this compensatory mechanism.
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9
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Lim YK, Dang X, Thiyagarajan V. Transgenerational responses to seawater pH in the edible oyster, with implications for the mariculture of the species under future ocean acidification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146704. [PMID: 33848868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The majority of common edible oysters are projected to grow more slowly and have smaller impaired shells because of anthropogenic CO2-induced reductions in seawater carbonate ion concentration and pH, a process called ocean acidification (OA). Recent evidence has shown that OA has carryover effects, for example, larvae exposed to OA will also exhibit either positive or negative effects after metamorphosis. This study examined the hidden carryover effects of OA exposure during parental and larval stages on post-metamorphic traits of the commercially important oyster species Crassostrea hongkongensis. Adults of C. hongkongensis were exposed to control pH (pHNBS 8.0) and OA-induced low pH (pHNBS 7.4) conditions. Their larval offspring were then exposed to the same aquarium conditions before being out-planted as post-metamorphic juveniles at a mariculture site for 10 months. Initially, larval offspring were resilient to low pH with or without parental exposure. The larvae exposed to low pH had significantly faster development and higher percentage of settlement success compared to control groups. The out-planted juveniles with parental exposure had improved survival and growth compared to juveniles without parental exposure, regardless of the larval exposure history. This implies that transgenerational effects due to parental exposure not only persists but also have a greater influence than the within-generational effects of larval exposure. Our results shed light on the importance of linking the various life history stages when assessing the OA-induced carryover capacity of C. hongkongensis in the natural environment. Understanding these linked relationships helps us better predict the species rapid adaptation responses in the face of changing coastal conditions due to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kian Lim
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, Division of Ecology and Biodiversity, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xin Dang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, Division of Ecology and Biodiversity, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, Division of Ecology and Biodiversity, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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10
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Chandra Rajan K, Meng Y, Yu Z, Roberts SB, Vengatesen T. Oyster biomineralization under ocean acidification: From genes to shell. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3779-3797. [PMID: 33964098 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is one of the key processes that is notably affected in marine calcifiers such as oysters under ocean acidification (OA). Understanding molecular changes in the biomineralization process under OA and its heritability, therefore, is key to developing conservation strategies for protecting ecologically and economically important oyster species. To do this, in this study, we have explicitly chosen the tissue involved in biomineralization (mantle) of an estuarine commercial oyster species, Crassostrea hongkongensis. The primary aim of this study is to understand the influence of DNA methylation over gene expression of mantle tissue under decreased ~pH 7.4, a proxy of OA, and to extrapolate if these molecular changes can be observed in the product of biomineralization-the shell. We grew early juvenile C. hongkongensis, under decreased ~pH 7.4 and control ~pH 8.0 over 4.5 months and studied OA-induced DNA methylation and gene expression patterns along with shell properties such as microstructure, crystal orientation and hardness. The population of oysters used in this study was found to be moderately resilient to OA at the end of the experiment. The expression of key biomineralization-related genes such as carbonic anhydrase and alkaline phosphatase remained unaffected; thus, the mechanical properties of the shell (shell growth rate, hardness and crystal orientation) were also maintained without any significant difference between control and OA conditions with signs of severe dissolution. In addition, this study makes three major conclusions: (1) higher expression of Ca2+ binding/signalling-related genes in the mantle plays a key role in maintaining biomineralization under OA; (2) DNA methylation changes occur in response to OA; however, these methylation changes do not directly control gene expression; and (3) OA would be more of a 'dissolution problem' rather than a 'biomineralization problem' for resilient species that maintain calcification rate with normal shell growth and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmani Chandra Rajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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11
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Lim YK, Cheung K, Dang X, Roberts SB, Wang X, Thiyagarajan V. DNA methylation changes in response to ocean acidification at the time of larval metamorphosis in the edible oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105217. [PMID: 33276167 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented rate of increased CO2 level in the ocean and the subsequent changes in carbonate system including decreased pH, known as ocean acidification (OA), is predicted to disrupt not only the calcification process but also several other physiological and developmental processes in a variety of marine organisms, including edible oysters. Nonetheless, not all species are vulnerable to those OA threats, e.g. some species may be able to cope with OA stress using environmentally induced modifications on gene and protein expressions. For example, external environmental stressors including OA can influence the addition and removal of methyl groups through epigenetic modification (e.g. DNA methylation) process to turn gene expression "on or off" as part of a rapid adaptive mechanism to cope with OA. In this study, we tested the above hypothesis through testing the effect of OA, using decreased pH 7.4 as proxy, on DNA methylation pattern of an endemic and a commercially important estuary oyster species, Crassostrea hongkongensis at the time of larval habitat selection and metamorphosis. Larval growth rate did not differ between control pH 8.1 and treatment pH 7.4. The metamorphosis rate of the pediveliger larvae was higher at pH 7.4 than those in control pH 8.1, however over one-third of the larvae raised at pH 7.4 failed to attach on optimal substrate as defined by biofilm presence. During larval development, a total of 130 genes were differentially methylated across the two treatments. The differential methylation in the larval genes may have partially accounted for the higher metamorphosis success rate under decreased pH 7.4 but with poor substratum selection ability. Differentially methylated loci were concentrated in the exon regions and appear to be associated with cytoskeletal and signal transduction, oxidative stress, metabolic processes, and larval metamorphosis, which implies the high potential of C. hongkongensis larvae to acclimate and adapt through non-genetic ways to OA threats within a single generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kian Lim
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Khan Cheung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xin Dang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122, NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Lim YK, Cheung K, Dang X, Roberts SB, Wang X, Thiyagarajan V. DNA methylation changes in response to ocean acidification at the time of larval metamorphosis in the edible oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105214. [PMID: 33221553 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented rate of increased CO2 level in the ocean and the subsequent changes in carbonate system including decreased pH, known as ocean acidification (OA), is predicted to disrupt not only the calcification process but also several other physiological and developmental processes in a variety of marine organisms, including edible oysters. Nonetheless, not all species are vulnerable to those OA threats, e.g. some species may be able to cope with OA stress using environmentally induced modifications on gene and protein expressions. For example, external environmental stressors including OA can influence the addition and removal of methyl groups through epigenetic modification (e.g. DNA methylation) process to turn gene expression "on or off" as part of a rapid adaptive mechanism to cope with OA. In this study, we tested the above hypothesis through testing the effect of OA, using decreased pH 7.4 as proxy, on DNA methylation pattern of an endemic and a commercially important estuary oyster species, Crassostrea hongkongensis at the time of larval habitat selection and metamorphosis. Larval growth rate did not differ between control pH 8.1 and treatment pH 7.4. The metamorphosis rate of the pediveliger larvae was higher at pH 7.4 than those in control pH 8.1, however over one-third of the larvae raised at pH 7.4 failed to attach on optimal substrate as defined by biofilm presence. During larval development, a total of 130 genes were differentially methylated across the two treatments. The differential methylation in the larval genes may have partially accounted for the higher metamorphosis success rate under decreased pH 7.4 but with poor substratum selection ability. Differentially methylated loci were concentrated in the exon regions and appear to be associated with cytoskeletal and signal transduction, oxidative stress, metabolic processes, and larval metamorphosis, which implies the high potential of C. hongkongensis larvae to acclimate and adapt through non-genetic ways to OA threats within a single generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kian Lim
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Khan Cheung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xin Dang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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13
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Zheng X, Lei S, Zhao S, Ye G, Ma R, Liu L, Xie Y, Shi X, Chen J. Temperature elevation and acidification damage microstructure of abalone via expression change of crystal induction genes. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105114. [PMID: 32892151 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming and acidification caused by global climate change interferes with the shell growth of mollusks. In abalone Haliotis discus hannai, the microstructural changes in the shell under stress are unclear, and the effect of thermal stress on biomineralization is unknown. The lack of gene information has also hampered the study of abalone biomineralization mechanisms. In this study, the microstructure of reconstructed shell in H. discus hannai was observed to determine the effects of thermal and acidification stress on shell growth. Three nacre protein genes, Hdh-AP7, Hdh-AP24, and Hdh-perlustrin, were characterized, and their expression pattern during shell repair was measured under thermal and acidification stress and compared with those of two known biomineralization-related genes, Hdh-AP-1 and Hdh-defensin. The stress resulted in aragonite plates with corroded or irregular microstructures. The gene expression of two nacre proteins (Hdh-AP7 and Hdh-AP24), which directly induce crystal formation, were more sensitive to thermal stress than to acidification, but the expression of the regulatory nacre protein (Hdh-perlustrin) and the two known genes (Hdh-AP-1 and Hdh-defensin), which are also related to immunity, showed an interlinked, complex pattern change. We concluded that high temperature and acidification damages the shell microstructure by disturbing the expression pattern of biomineralization-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Zheng
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Shanshan Lei
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Shuxian Zhao
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Ganping Ye
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Ruijuan Ma
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Youping Xie
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xinguo Shi
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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14
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Li Y, Nong W, Baril T, Yip HY, Swale T, Hayward A, Ferrier DEK, Hui JHL. Reconstruction of ancient homeobox gene linkages inferred from a new high-quality assembly of the Hong Kong oyster (Magallana hongkongensis) genome. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:713. [PMID: 33059600 PMCID: PMC7566022 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homeobox-containing genes encode crucial transcription factors involved in animal, plant and fungal development, and changes to homeobox genes have been linked to the evolution of novel body plans and morphologies. In animals, some homeobox genes are clustered together in the genome, either as remnants from ancestral genomic arrangements, or due to coordinated gene regulation. Consequently, analyses of homeobox gene organization across animal phylogeny provide important insights into the evolution of genome organization and developmental gene control, and their interaction. However, homeobox gene organization remains to be fully elucidated in several key animal ancestors, including those of molluscs, lophotrochozoans and bilaterians. Results Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of the Hong Kong oyster, Magallana hongkongensis (2n = 20), for which 93.2% of the genomic sequences are contained on 10 pseudomolecules (~ 758 Mb, scaffold N50 = 72.3 Mb). Our genome assembly was scaffolded using Hi-C reads, facilitating a larger scaffold size compared to the recently published M. hongkongensis genome of Peng et al. (Mol Ecol Resources, 2020), which was scaffolded using the Crassostrea gigas assembly. A total of 46,963 predicted gene models (45,308 protein coding genes) were incorporated in our genome, and genome completeness estimated by BUSCO was 94.6%. Homeobox gene linkages were analysed in detail relative to available data for other mollusc lineages. Conclusions The analyses performed in this study and the accompanying genome sequence provide important genetic resources for this economically and culturally valuable oyster species, and offer a platform to improve understanding of animal biology and evolution more generally. Transposable element content is comparable to that found in other mollusc species, contrary to the conclusion of another recent analysis. Also, our chromosome-level assembly allows the inference of ancient gene linkages (synteny) for the homeobox-containing genes, even though a number of the homeobox gene clusters, like the Hox/ParaHox clusters, are undergoing dispersal in molluscs such as this oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wenyan Nong
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Tobias Baril
- Department of Conservation and Ecology, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ho Yin Yip
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | - Alexander Hayward
- Department of Conservation and Ecology, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - David E K Ferrier
- The Scottish Oceans Institute, Gatty Martine Laboratory, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Jerome H L Hui
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Navarro JM, Villanueva P, Rocha N, Torres R, Chaparro OR, Benítez S, Andrade-Villagrán PV, Alarcón E. Plastic response of the oyster Ostrea chilensis to temperature and pCO2 within the present natural range of variability. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234994. [PMID: 32598370 PMCID: PMC7323991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estuaries are characterized by high fluctuation of their environmental conditions. Environmental parameters measured show that the seawater properties of the Quempillén estuary (i.e. temperature, salinity, pCO2, pH and ΩCaCO3) were highly fluctuating and related with season and tide. We test the effects of increasing temperature and pCO2 in the seawater on the physiological energetics of the bivalve Ostrea chilensis. Juvenile oysters were exposed to an orthogonal combination of three temperatures (10, 15, and 20°C) and two pCO2 levels (~400 and ~1000 μatm) for a period of 60 days to evaluate the temporal effect (i.e. 10, 20, 30, 60 days) on the physiological rates of the oysters. Results indicated a significant effect of temperature and time of exposure on the clearance rate, while pCO2 and the interaction between pCO2 and the other factors studied did not show significant effects. Significant effects of temperature and time of exposure were also observed on the absorption rate, but not the pCO2 nor its interaction with other factors studied. Oxygen consumption was significantly affected by pCO2, temperature and time. Scope for growth was only significantly affected by time; despite this, the highest values were observed for individuals subject to to 20°C and to ~1000 μatm pCO2. In this study, Ostrea chilensis showed high phenotypic plasticity to respond to the high levels of temperature and pCO2 experienced in its habitat as no negative physiological effects were observed. Thus, the highly variable conditions of this organism’s environment could select for individuals that are more resistant to future scenarios of climate change, mainly to warming and acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. Navarro
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Paola Villanueva
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Rocha
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Oscar R. Chaparro
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Samanta Benítez
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola V. Andrade-Villagrán
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Emilio Alarcón
- Centro Fondap de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
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Zheng X, Zhao S, Lei S, Ma R, Liu L, Xie Y, Shi X, Chen J. Cloning and characterization of a novel Lustrin A gene from Haliotis discus hannai. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 240:110385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Meng Y, Li C, Li H, Shih K, He C, Yao H, Thiyagarajan V. Recoverable impacts of ocean acidification on the tubeworm, Hydroides elegans: implication for biofouling in future coastal oceans. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:945-957. [PMID: 31687858 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1673376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 causes ocean acidification (OA), which not only decreases the calcification rate, but also impairs the formation of calcareous shells or tubes in marine invertebrates such as the dominant biofouling tubeworm species, Hydroides elegans. This study examined the ability of tubeworms to resume normal tube calcification when returned to ambient pH 8.1 from a projected near-future OA level of pH 7.8. Tubeworms produced structurally impaired and mechanically weaker calcareous tubes at pH 7.8 compared to at pH 8.1, but were able to recover when the pH was restored to ambient levels. This suggests that tubeworms can physiologically recover from the impacts of OA on tube calcification, composition, density, hardness and stiffness when returned to optimal conditions. These results help understanding of the progression of biofouling communities dominated by tubeworms in future oceans with low pH induced by OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hangkong Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chong He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haimin Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - V Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China
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18
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Dell'Acqua O, Trębala M, Chiantore M, Hannula SP. Robustness of Adamussium colbecki shell to ocean acidification in a short-term exposure. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 149:90-99. [PMID: 31254931 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pCO2 has increased since the industrial revolution leading to a lowering of the ocean surface water pH, a phenomenon called ocean acidification (OA). OA is claimed to be a major threat for marine organisms and ecosystems and, particularly, for Polar regions. We explored the impact of OA on the shell mechanical properties of the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki exposed for one month to acidified (pH 7.6) and natural conditions (unmanipulated littoral water), by performing Scanning Electron Microscopy, nanoindentation and Vickers indentation on the scallop shell. No effect of pH could be detected either in crystal deposition or in the mechanical properties. A. colbecki shell was found to be resistant to OA, which suggests this species to be able to face a climate change scenario that may threat the persistence of the endemic Antarctic species. Further investigation should be carried out in order to elucidate the destiny of this key species in light of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Dell'Acqua
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genoa, Italy.
| | - Michal Trębala
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Mariachiara Chiantore
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genoa, Italy.
| | - Simo-Pekka Hannula
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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19
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Byrne M, Fitzer S. The impact of environmental acidification on the microstructure and mechanical integrity of marine invertebrate skeletons. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz062. [PMID: 31737270 PMCID: PMC6846232 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA), from seawater uptake of anthropogenic CO2, has a suite of negative effects on the ability of marine invertebrates to produce and maintain their skeletons. Increased organism pCO2 causes hypercapnia, an energetically costly physiological stress. OA alters seawater carbonate chemistry, limiting the carbonate available to form the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals used to build skeletons. The reduced saturation state of CaCO3 also causes corrosion of CaCO3 structures. Global change is also accelerating coastal acidification driven by land-run off (e.g. acid soil leachates, tannic acid). Building and maintaining marine biomaterials in the face of changing climate will depend on the balance between calcification and dissolution. Overall, in response to environmental acidification, many calcifiers produce less biomineral and so have smaller body size. Studies of skeleton development in echinoderms and molluscs across life stages show the stunting effect of OA. For corals, linear extension may be maintained, but at the expense of less dense biomineral. Conventional metrics used to quantify growth and calcification need to be augmented by characterisation of the changes to biomineral structure and mechanical integrity caused by environmental acidification. Scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography of corals, tube worms and sea urchins exposed to experimental (laboratory) and natural (vents, coastal run off) acidification show a less dense biomineral with greater porosity and a larger void space. For bivalves, CaCO3 crystal deposition is more chaotic in response to both ocean and coastal acidification. Biomechanics tests reveal that these changes result in weaker, more fragile skeletons, compromising their vital protective roles. Vulnerabilities differ among taxa and depend on acidification level. Climate warming has the potential to ameliorate some of the negative effects of acidification but may also make matters worse. The integrative morphology-ecomechanics approach is key to understanding how marine biominerals will perform in the face of changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Byrne
- School of Medical Science and School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Corresponding author: School of Medical Science and School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Susan Fitzer
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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