1
|
Marzougui Z, Marrouchi R, Tounsi-Kettiti H, Trabelsi H, Ben Fayala C, Bahlous A, Boubaker MS, Kharrat R. Marine toxin C17-SAMT causes major structural damage to vital organs in mice following subchronic toxicity trials. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114887. [PMID: 37043947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
C17-sphinganine analog mycotoxin (C17-SAMT) has been characterized as the contaminant responsible for the atypical toxicity reported in mussels from the Bizerte lagoon (northern Tunisia) over the past decade. C17-SAMT exhibited common symptoms of toxicity in mice, including flaccid paralysis and severe respiratory distress, followed by rapid death. To determine the potential health risks of this neurotoxin, we assessed its subchronic toxicity according to the recommendations of OCDE n° 407. The body weight and the structural changes of vital organs were recorded. Biochemical and hematological parameters were also quantified. Macroscopic observations showed that mice treated with 0.9, 9, and 90 µg/kg C17-SAMT had significantly reduced stomach weights, swollen and fragile intestines, and signs of nephritis with renal abscesses. Transaminase assays pointed out that exposure to C17-SAMT can lead to transaminitis. Above-average lactate dehydrogenase values were recorded in both the treated and satellite groups. Hematology data showed a significant reduction in red blood cell counts in high-dose-treated group. Reductions in hemoglobin and hematocrit were also recorded. Mean leukocyte counts were significantly elevated in the high-, mid-dose treated and satellite groups. At the microscopic level, we noted myocardial atrophy and hyperemia. In the lungs, we noted necrosis associated with macrophages perivascular infiltration and congestion. The kidneys showed mild inflammation and glomerular atrophy. The stomach exhibited mucosal atrophy, while a thin colon and distended small intestine were observed in high-dose-treated group. The liver was affected by vascular congestion, inflammatory infiltration, and lobular necrosis that evolved into acute hepatitis. Lesions, such as inflammatory infiltration and mild necrosis of the liver, cortical abscess with central necrosis in the kidney, and mild congestion of cardiac tissue were recorded in the satellite group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Marzougui
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia; Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, 43 Av. Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis- Mahrajène, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Marrouchi
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Haïfa Tounsi-Kettiti
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Trabelsi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et d'Hormonologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chayma Ben Fayala
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Afef Bahlous
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et d'Hormonologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Samir Boubaker
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Kharrat
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pestalotiopsis Diversity: Species, Dispositions, Secondary Metabolites, and Bioactivities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228088. [PMID: 36432188 PMCID: PMC9695833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pestalotiopsis species have gained attention thanks to their structurally complex and biologically active secondary metabolites. In past decades, several new secondary metabolites were isolated and identified. Their bioactivities were tested, including anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, and nematicidal activity. Since the previous review published in 2014, new secondary metabolites were isolated and identified from Pestalotiopsis species and unidentified strains. This review gathered published articles from 2014 to 2021 and focused on 239 new secondary metabolites and their bioactivities. To date, 384 Pestalotiopsis species have been discovered in diverse ecological habitats, with the majority of them unstudied. Some may contain secondary metabolites with unique bioactivities that might benefit pharmacology.
Collapse
|
3
|
Investigation of the Genotoxic Potential of the Marine Toxin C17-SAMT Using the In Vivo Comet and Micronucleus Assays. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100619. [PMID: 36286443 PMCID: PMC9604968 DOI: 10.3390/md20100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The contaminant responsible for the atypical toxicity reported in mussels from Bizerte Lagoon (Northern Tunisia) during the last decade has been characterized as C17-sphinganine analog mycotoxin (C17-SAMT). This neurotoxin showed common mouse toxic symptoms, including flaccid paralysis and severe dyspnea, followed by rapid death. For hazard assessment on human health, in this work we aimed to evaluate the in vivo genotoxic effects of this marine biotoxin using the classical alkaline and modified Fpg comet assays performed to detect DNA breaks and alkali-labile sites as well as oxidized bases. The micronucleus assay was used on bone marrow to detect chromosome and genome damage. C17-SAMT induces a statistically insignificant increase in DNA tail intensity at all doses in the duodenum, and in the spleen contrary to the liver, the percentage of tail DNA increased significantly at the mid dose of 300 µg/kg b.w/d. C17-SAMT did not affect the number of micronuclei in the bone marrow. Microscopic observations of the liver showed an increase in the number of mitosis and hepatocytes' cytoplasm clarification. At this level of study, we confirm that C17-SAMT induced DNA damage in the liver but there was no evidence of effects causing DNA oxidation or chromosome and genome damage.
Collapse
|