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Lee E, Jin Min K, Choi H, Young Park K. Impact of dewatering inorganic coagulants on anaerobic digestion treating food waste leachate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130136. [PMID: 38040303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of food waste leachate (FWL) provides a viable solution for waste treatment and energy production. Returning solids from digested sludge to the reactor maintains a high microbial concentration and enhances digestion efficiency. However, this requires coagulants because the digestate has low dewaterability. This study analyzed methane production and microbial communities using biochemical methane potential tests for inorganic coagulants (AlCl3, Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3, and Fe2(SO4)3) in FWL treatment. Cumulative methane production was the highest in the control and decreased in the order of Fe2(SO4)3, AlCl3, FeCl3, and Al2(SO4)3. Iron ions inhibited H2S production while aluminum ions increased it compared to the control group. Despite the absence of significant changes in microbial communities following coagulant injection, a substantial increase in damaged cells was observed. These findings highlight the intricate repercussions of coagulant introduction in anaerobic digestion, emphasizing notable alterations in methane production dynamics and the integrity of microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Plant Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Min
- Department of Tech Center for Research Facilities, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Choi
- Taeyoung E&C, 111 Yeouigongwon-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Park
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Plant Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Pashaki SGA, Khojastehpour M, Ebrahimi-Nik M, Tedesco S. Potential of ash from agricultural waste as substitute of commercial FeCl 3 in primary treatment of landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119932. [PMID: 38160545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Due to the ever increasing global population, higher volumes of industrial waste discharges to landfill have caused major problems for the environment. This study investigated the performance of rice straw ash (RSA) as a natural coagulant under different conditions for the treatment of landfill leachates by coagulation-flocculation and microfiltration, with and without addition of FeCl3. The highest performing treatment conditions (RSA = 2.48 g/L, FeCl3 = 4.98 g/L, settling time = 54.75min) were achieved with the combined use of RSA and FeCl3 as coagulant and led to a sludge volume index of 41.65 mL/g, 51.27% COD removal and 76.48% total suspended solid removal. In contrast, FeCl3 alone achieved slightly better COD and total suspended solid removal rates, however it resulted in higher sludge volume index and sludge production. The combined use of RSA and FeCl3 reduced the consumption of these two coagulants by 78.76% and 46.69% respectively. Functional groups and thermal stability of the flocs showed that RSA + FeCl3 synergistically enhance the mechanisms of the coagulation-flocculation process, including adsorption by particle's bridging, charge neutralization and size of flocs. Combining the coagulants resulted in increased van der Waals forces and lower attractive forces of the inter-colloidal energy barrier in the leachate. Additionally, the highest and lowest heavy metals removal rates for treatment by microfiltration were found for Fe (92.15%) and Mg (7.63%), with a total heavy metals removal efficiency in the range of 6.08-90.78%. The findings of this study show that RSA can serve as a natural eco-friendly coagulant both alone and in combination with FeCl3 in the leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Khojastehpour
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Silvia Tedesco
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
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Liu C, Yue Y, Zheng S, Liu X, Pang L, Yang Z. Impacts of substrate properties and aquatic nutrient concentrations on the relative abundance of nitrifying/denitrifying genes and the associated microbes in epilithic biofilms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:120930-120944. [PMID: 37945964 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Substrates like sand or gravels and aquatic nutrient concentrations of rivers are highly heterogeneous, influencing the abundance of functional genes in epilithic biofilms where nitrification-denitrification processes take place. To analyze how the relative abundance of nitrifying/denitrifying genes and the associated microbes changes with the physical properties of substrates and aquatic concentrations of nutrients, this paper utilized metagenomics to comprehensively characterize these functional genes (i.e., amoA, hao, and nxrB involved in nitrification, and napA, narG, nirS, norB, and nosZ associated with denitrification) from epilithic biofilms collected along the Shitingjiang River in Southwest China and further obtained the relative abundance of major nitrifiers and denitrifiers. The results show that substrate size most significantly affects the relative abundance of hao and norB by altering the hydrodynamic conditions. In sampling sites with high heterogeneity in substrate size distribution, the relative abundance of most denitrifying genes is also higher. The carbon-nitrogen ratio negatively correlates with the relative abundance of all the nitrifying genes, while ammonium, total inorganic carbon, and total organic carbon concentrations positively affect the relative abundance of amoA and nxrB. As to the relative abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers, mainly belonging to phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, substrate heterogeneity and the aquatic concentrations of nutrients have greater influences than substrate size. Also, the substrate heterogeneity exerted positive influence on functional species of Pseudogemmobacter bohemicus and Paracoccus zhejiangensis. Considering the genes' functions and the dominant species linked to denitrification, nitrous oxide is more likely to occur in rivers with higher heterogeneity and larger substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xuna Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lina Pang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Adeniyi A, Bello I, Mukaila T, Sarker NC, Hammed A. Trends in Biological Ammonia Production. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020041. [PMID: 37218758 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Food production heavily depends on ammonia-containing fertilizers to improve crop yield and profitability. However, ammonia production is challenged by huge energy demands and the release of ~2% of global CO2. To mitigate this challenge, many research efforts have been made to develop bioprocessing technologies to make biological ammonia. This review presents three different biological approaches that drive the biochemical mechanisms to convert nitrogen gas, bioresources, or waste to bio-ammonia. The use of advanced technologies-enzyme immobilization and microbial bioengineering-enhanced bio-ammonia production. This review also highlighted some challenges and research gaps that require researchers' attention for bio-ammonia to be industrially pragmatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Adeniyi
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Ibrahim Bello
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Taofeek Mukaila
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Niloy Chandra Sarker
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Ademola Hammed
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
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Candian V, Meneguz M, Tedeschi R. Immune Responses of the Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Reared on Catering Waste. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010213. [PMID: 36676162 PMCID: PMC9867232 DOI: 10.3390/life13010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), has a great bioconversion potential and ability to develop on diverse substrates. Although the use of catering waste and food by-products containing meat and fish would reduce the footprint of the insect sector, to date, in Europe, their use is still facing legal obstacles for insects as food and feed. Since a major request from the EU insect sector is to diversify the spectrum of allowed substrates, and considering that variations in diet composition could influence insect immune responses, we evaluated the impact of different catering wastes on BSF prepupae immunity. Insects were reared on five diets: one based on feed for laying hens and four based on catering waste containing (i) fruits and vegetables; (ii) fruits, vegetables and bread; (iii) fruit, vegetables, bread and dairy products; (iv) fruits, vegetables, bread, meat and fish. The gene expression of two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), one defensin and one cecropin, was assessed. Moreover, the hemolymph inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli DH5α and Micrococcus yunnanensis HI55 was evaluated using diffusion assays in solid media. The up-regulation of both AMPs' encoding genes was observed in insects fed a bread-added and dairy product-added diet. All hemolymph samples showed inhibitory activity against both bacteria, affecting the colony size and number. The obtained results show how catering waste positively influences the H. illucens immune system. The possibility of modulating AMP expression levels through the diet opens up new perspectives in the management of insect health in mass rearings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Candian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Marco Meneguz
- BEF Biosystems, Via Tancredi Canonico 18/c, 10156 Torino (TO), Italy
| | - Rosemarie Tedeschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6708675
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Kumar Y, Kaur S, Kheto A, Munshi M, Sarkar A, Om Pandey H, Tarafdar A, Sindhu R, Sirohi R. Cultivation of microalgae on food waste: Recent advances and way forward. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127834. [PMID: 36029984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microbes that can synthesize compounds of therapeutic potential with wide applications in the food, bioprocessing and pharmaceutical sector. Recent research advances have therefore, focused on finding suitable economic substrates for the sustainable cultivation of microalgae. Among such substrates, food derived waste specifically from the starch, meat, dairy, brewery, oil and fruit and vegetable processing industries has gained popularity but poses numerous challenges. Pretreatment, dilution of waste water supernatants, mixing of different food waste streams, utilizing two-stage cultivation and other biorefinery approaches have been intensively explored for multifold improvement in microalgal biomass recovery from food waste. This review discusses the advances and challenges associated with cultivation of microalgae on food waste. The review suggests that there is a need to standardize different waste substrates in terms of general composition, genetically engineered microalgal strains, tackling process scalability issues, controlling wastewater toxicity and establishing a waste transportation chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, SLIET, Longowal 148 106, Punjab, India
| | - Samandeep Kaur
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, SLIET, Longowal 148 106, Punjab, India
| | - Ankan Kheto
- Department of Food Process Engineering, NIT, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Mohona Munshi
- Division of Food Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, VFSTR, Guntur, A.P, India
| | - Ayan Sarkar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, NIT, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Hari Om Pandey
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam 691 505, Kerala, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Food Technology, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India.
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Abstract
(1) Background: Mixotrophic growth is commonly associated with higher biomass productivity and lower energy consumption. This paper evaluates the impact of using different carbon sources on growth, protein profile, and nutrient uptake for Dunaliella tertiolecta CCAP 19/30 to assess the potential for mixotrophic growth. (2) Methods: Two experimental sets were conducted. The first assessed the contribution of atmospheric carbon to D. tertiolecta growth and the microalgae capacity to grow heterotrophically with an organic carbon source to provide both carbon and energy. The second set evaluated the impact of using different carbon sources on its growth, protein yield and quality. (3) Results: D. tertiolecta could not grow heterotrophically. Cell and optical density, ash-free dry weight, and essential amino acids index were inferior for all treatments using organic carbon compared to NaHCO3. Neither cell nor optical density presented significant differences among the treatments containing organic carbon, demonstrating that organic carbon does not boost D. tertiolecta growth. All the treatments presented similar nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur recovery, and relative carbohydrate content. (4) Conclusions: Based on the results of this paper, D. tertiolecta CCAP 19/30 is an obligated autotroph that cannot grow mixotrophically using organic carbon.
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Lu J, Guo Y, Muhmood A, Zeng B, Qiu Y, Wang P, Ren L. Probing the antioxidant activity of functional proteins and bioactive peptides in Hermetia illucens larvae fed with food wastes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2799. [PMID: 35181682 PMCID: PMC8857240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Food waste is becoming more prevalent, and managing it is one of the most important issues in terms of food safety. In this study, functional proteins and bioactive peptides produced from the enzymatic digestion of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSF) fed with food wastes were characterized and quantified using proteomics-based analysis. The results revealed approximately 78 peptides and 57 proteins, including 40S ribosomal protein S4, 60S ribosomal protein L8, ATP synthase subunit alpha, ribosomal protein S3, Histone H2A, NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase, Fumarate hydratase, RNA helicase, Chitin binding Peritrophin-A, Lectin C-type protein, etc. were found in BSF. Furthermore, functional analysis of the proteins revealed that the 60S ribosomal protein L5 (RpL5) in BSF interacted with a variety of ribosomal proteins and played a key role in the glycolytic process (AT14039p). Higher antioxidant activity was found in peptide sequences such as GYGFGGGAGCLSMDTGAHLNR, VVPSANRAMVGIVAGGGRIDKPILK, AGLQFPVGR, GFKDQIQDVFK, and GFKDQIQDVFK. It was concluded that the bioconversion of food wastes by BSF brought about the generation of a variety of functional proteins and bioactive peptides with strong antioxidant activity. However, more studies are required to exploit BSF's potential in the value addition of food wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Lu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.,Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yuwen Guo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Atif Muhmood
- Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bei Zeng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yizhan Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China. .,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Lianhai Ren
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China. .,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Assessment of the potential of Dunaliella microalgae for different biotechnological applications: A systematic review. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
With the development of economy and the improvement of people’s living standard, landfill leachate has been increasing year by year with the increase in municipal solid waste output. How to treat landfill leachate with high efficiency and low consumption has become a major problem, because of its high ammonia nitrogen and organic matter content, low carbon to nitrogen ratio and difficult degradation. In order to provide reference for future engineering application of landfill leachate treatment, this paper mainly reviews the biological treatment methods of landfill leachate, which focuses on the comparison of nitrogen removal processes combined with microorganisms, the biological nitrogen removal methods combined with ecology and the technology of direct application of microorganisms. In addition, the mechanism of biological nitrogen removal of landfill leachate and the factors affecting the microbial activity during the nitrogen removal process are also described. It is concluded that the treatment processes combined with microorganisms have higher nitrogen removal efficiency compared with the direct application of microorganisms. For example, the nitrogen removal efficiency of the combined process based on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) technology can reach more than 99%. Therefore, the treatment processes combined with microorganisms in the future engineering application of nitrogen removal in landfill leachate should be paid more attention to, and the efficiency of nitrogen removal should be improved from the aspects of microorganisms by considering factors affecting its activity.
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