An assessment of approaches and techniques for estimating water pollution releases from aquaculture production facilities

Innovative remediation strategies for persistent organic pollutants in soil and water: A comprehensive review

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) provide a serious threat to human health and the environment in soil and water ecosystems. This thorough analysis explores creative remediation techniques meant to address POP pollution. Persistent organic pollutants are harmful substances that may withstand natural degradation processes and remain in the environment for long periods of time. Examples of these pollutants include dioxins, insecticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Because of their extensive existence, cutting-edge and environmentally friendly eradication strategies must be investigated. The most recent advancements in POP clean-up technology for soil and water are evaluated critically in this article. It encompasses a wide range of techniques, such as nanotechnology, phytoremediation, enhanced oxidation processes, and bioremediation. The effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability of each method are assessed. Case studies from different parts of the world show the difficulties and effective uses of these novel techniques. The study also addresses new developments in POP regulation and monitoring, highlighting the need of all-encompassing approaches that include risk assessment and management. In order to combat POP pollution, the integration of diverse remediation strategies, hybrid approaches, and the function of natural attenuation are also examined. Researchers, legislators, and environmental professionals tackling the urgent problem of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in soil and water should benefit greatly from this study, which offers a complete overview of the many approaches available for remediating POPs in soil and water.

Relationship between chlorophyll-a, rainfall, and climate phenomena in tropical archipelagic estuarine waters

Similar to many estuaries worldwide with sources receiving nitrogen and phosphorus, i.e., nutrients, from point and diffuse sources, the waters in Jakarta Bay, Musi Estuary, and Rokan Estuary in Indonesia are facing negative impacts on water quality and ecosystems, i.e., eutrophication, because of rapid urbanization and human activities. The transport of nutrients through rivers and tributaries depends on rainfall and climate phenomena, ultimately dictating chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations and trophic levels in estuaries. The relationship between trophic level, Chl-a concentration, rainfall, and climate phenomena was explored in this study by examining monthly Chl-a concentrations from 2003 to 2021 in the three estuaries. Remote sensing Chl-a concentrations data from the NASA Aqua MODIS mission was subjected to Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistical analyses. The dynamic fluctuations of Chl-a concentrations in all estuaries showed eutrophic zones appearing at specific times, influenced by local rainfalls and their patterns. The first principal components of the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of Chl-a concentration anomalies showed significant correlations with rainfall anomalies and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) index. These relationships exhibited distinct patterns influenced by unique climate factors in each estuary. The study highlights the crucial role of wide-area continuous monitoring and early warning systems, facilitated by satellite remote sensing, in preserving the health of coastal ecosystems. The findings also offer valuable insights for designing future monitoring programs and targeted conservation efforts.