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Zhou X, Wang J, Mao J, Ye Q. Clinical Manifestations of Alport Syndrome-Diffuse Leiomyomatosis Patients With Contiguous Gene Deletions in COL4A6 and COL4A5. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:766224. [PMID: 34778325 PMCID: PMC8578185 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.766224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome-diffuse leiomyomatosis is a rare type of X-linked Alport syndrome resulting from contiguous deletions of 5′ exons of COL4A5 and COL4A6. Studies have suggested that the occurrence of diffuse leiomyomatosis is associated with the characteristic localisation of the COL4A6 gene deletion break point. An electronic database was searched for all studies accessing AS-DL to analyze the clinical characteristics, gene deletion break points of patients with AS-DL, and the pathogenesis of AS-DL. It was found that the proportion of de novo mutations of AS-DL was significantly higher in female probands than male probands (78 vs. 44%). Female patients with AS-DL had a mild clinical presentation. The incidence of proteinuria and ocular abnormalities was much lower in female probands than in male probands, and there was generally no sensorineural hearing loss or chronic kidney disease (CKD), which progressed to Stage 3 in female probands. The contiguous deletion of the 5' exons of COL4A5 and COL4A6, with the break point within the intron 3 of COL4A6, was the critical genetic defect causing AS-DL. However, the pathogenesis of characteristic deletion of COL4A6 that contributes to diffuse leiomyomatosis is still unknown. In addition, characteristic contiguous deletion of COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes in AS-DL may be related to transposed elements (TEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ye
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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Shibata R, Saito T, Terui K, Nakata M, Komatsu S, Mitsunaga T, Matsuura G, Shibasaki H, Kinoshita T, Yoshida H, Hishiki T. Minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal leiomyomatosis. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2020.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Haq F, Ahmed N, Qasim M. Comparative genomic analysis of collagen gene diversity. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:83. [PMID: 30800594 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen gene family, comprising 30% of the total protein mass in mammals, is the major part of extracellular matrix. To understand the complexity of collagen gene family, detailed sequence, phylogenetic and synteny analyses of 44 collagen genes were performed. According to sequence analysis results, Fibril-associated collagen with interrupted triple helices (FACITs) were identified as the most recently evolved vertebrate-specific collagens while Fibril-forming collagens and Collagen VI, VII, XXVI, and XXVIII were the most ancient collagens, originating at the time of choanoflagellates. Network-forming collagens were entirely conserved from arthopods to homo sapiens, except one gene loss event. Of note, bird specific gene dispensability of COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A3 and COL11A2 genes was observed in Fibril-forming collagens. According to phylogenetic analysis, gene duplications in collagen family occurred at variable time points during invertebrate to vertebrate evolution. However, majority of gene duplications in FACITs and network-forming collagens occurred at fish time point, suggesting large scale duplications at the root of vertebrate lineage. Lastly, synteny analysis identified 12 conserved blocks containing 27 collagen genes in vertebrate species. Interestingly, dysregulation of seven conserved blocks including block1 (COL11A1), block3 (COL3A1, COL5A2), block5 (COL6A5, COL6A6), block7 (COL1A2), block9 (COL4A1, COL4A2), block11 (COL6A1, COL6A2, COL18A1) and block12 (COL4A5, COL4A6) were also reported in different diseases including cancer. The current study revealed many critical insights into sequence, structural and functional diversity of collagen gene family. In future, by using this information we may be able to establish the clinical and pathological relevance of these conserved collagen blocks in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Haq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Ahmed
- 2Department of Software Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- 3School of Medicine, AJOU University, Suwon, South Korea
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Characterization of contiguous gene deletions in COL4A6 and COL4A5 in Alport syndrome-diffuse leiomyomatosis. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:733-735. [PMID: 28275241 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alport syndrome-diffuse leiomyomatosis (AS-DL, OMIM: 308940) is a rare variant of the X-linked Alport syndrome that shows overgrowth of visceral smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal, respiratory and female reproductive tracts in addition to renal symptoms. AS-DL results from deletions that encompass the 5' ends of the COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes, but deletion breakpoints between COL4A5 and COL4A6 have been determined in only four cases. Here, we characterize deletion breakpoints in five AS-DL patients and show a contiguous COL4A6/COL4A5 deletion in each case. We also demonstrate that eight out of nine deletion alleles involved sequences homologous between COL4A5 and COL4A6. Most breakpoints took place in recognizable transposed elements, including long and short interspersed repeats, DNA transposons and long-terminal repeat retrotransposons. Because deletions involved the bidirectional promoter region in each case, we suggest that the occurrence of leiomyomatosis in AS-DL requires inactivation of both genes. Altogether, our study highlights the importance of homologous recombination involving multiple transposed elements for the development of this continuous gene syndrome and other atypical loss-of-function phenotypes.
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COL4A6 is dispensable for autosomal recessive Alport syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29450. [PMID: 27377778 PMCID: PMC4932521 DOI: 10.1038/srep29450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome is caused by mutations in the genes encoding α3, α4, or α5 (IV) chains. Unlike X-linked Alport mice, α5 and α6 (IV) chains are detected in the glomerular basement membrane of autosomal recessive Alport mice, however, the significance of this finding remains to be investigated. We therefore generated mice lacking both α3 and α6 (IV) chains and compared their renal function and survival with Col4a3 knockout mice of 129 × 1/Sv background. No significant difference was observed in the renal function or survival of the two groups, or when the mice were backcrossed once to C57BL/6 background. However, the survival of backcrossed double knockout mice was significantly longer than that of the mice of 129 × 1/Sv background, which suggests that other modifier genes were involved in this phenomenon. In further studies we identified two Alport patients who had a homozygous mutation in intron 46 of COL4A4. The α5 and α6 (IV) chains were focally detected in the glomerular basement membrane of these patients. These findings indicate that although α5 and α6 (IV) chains are induced in the glomerular basement membrane in autosomal recessive Alport syndrome, their induction does not seem to play a major compensatory role.
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Liu W, Wong JKL, He Q, Wong EHM, Tang CSM, Zhang R, So MT, Wong KKY, Nicholls J, Cherny SS, Sham PC, Tam PK, Garcia-Barcelo MM, Xia H. Chinese family with diffuse oesophageal leiomyomatosis: a new COL4A5/COL4A6 deletion and a case of gonosomal mosaicism. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:49. [PMID: 26179878 PMCID: PMC4557859 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse oesophageal leiomyomatosis (DOL) is a rare disorder characterized by tumorous overgrowth of the muscular wall of the oesophagus. DOL is present in 5 % of Alport syndrome (AS) patients. AS is a rare hereditary disease that involves varying degrees of hearing impairment, ocular changes and progressive glomerulonephritis leading to renal failure. In DOL-AS patients, the genetic defect consists of a deletion involving the COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes on the X chromosome. CASE PRESENTATION We report a two-generation family (4 individuals; parents and two children, one male and one female) with two members (mother and son) affected with oesophageal leiomyomatosis. Signs of potential renal failure, which characterizes AS, were only apparent in the index patient (son) 2 years and three months after the initial diagnosis of DOL. Blood DNA from the four family members were submitted to exome sequencing and array genotyping to perform a genome wide screening for disease causal single nucleotide (SN) and copy number (CN) variations. Analyses revealed a new 40kb deletion encompassing from intron 2 of COL4A5 to intron 1 of COL4A6 at Xq22.3. The breakpoints were also identified. Possible confounding pathogenic exonic variants in genes known to be involved in other extracellular matrices disorders were also shared by the two affected individuals. Meticulous analysis of the maternal DNA revealed a case of gonosomal mosaicism. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of gonadosomal mosaicism associated to DOL-AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - John K L Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China.
| | - Qiuming He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Emily H M Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China.
| | - Clara S M Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China. .,Department of Surgery, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China.
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China.
| | - Man-Ting So
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China.
| | - Kenneth K Y Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China.
| | - John Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China.
| | - Stacey S Cherny
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China. .,Center for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China.
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China. .,Center for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China. .,Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth of the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Paul K Tam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China. .,Center for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China. .,Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth of the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Maria-Mercè Garcia-Barcelo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China. .,Center for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hongkong, Hongkong, SAR, China. .,Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth of the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Huimin Xia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Komine M, Langohr IM, Kiupel M. Megaesophagus in Friesian horses associated with muscular hypertrophy of the caudal esophagus. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:979-85. [PMID: 24227010 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813511126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Friesian horses have a perceived high rate of congenital or hereditary diseases, including megaesophagus, that may lead to choke and death. A retrospective study was performed to determine the prevalence and pathologic characteristics of esophageal disease in 852 horses, including 17 Friesians, that had been necropsied over a 6-year period at the Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health. Forty-two horses had grossly described esophageal lesions (25 muscular hypertrophy, 7 hemorrhage, 6 megaesophagus, 4 erosion/ulceration, 3 obstruction, 2 tears, 2 secondary neoplasms, 2 lymphoid patches, 1 thin wall, 1 esophagitis). Some of these lesions occurred concurrently in the same horse. Ten of these horses died or were euthanatized because of severe esophageal disease (6 megaesophagus causing tears in 2 horses, 3 esophageal obstruction with food bolus, and 1 esophagitis). All 6 horses with megaesophagus were Friesians. No cause for megaesophagus was noted in the necropsy reports; however, 5 of these 6 Friesians had marked caudal esophageal muscular hypertrophy (wall thickness: 1.9 ± 0.3 cm). Microscopic review of the esophagus of these Friesians confirmed smooth muscle hypertrophy, with no obvious fibrosis, degeneration, or loss of myenteric plexi. Unlike the Friesians, the 4 non-Friesian horses with severe esophageal disease had esophageal obstruction with an intraluminal food bolus or severe esophagitis. None had caudal esophageal muscular hypertrophy. It is concluded that in comparison to other horse breeds, Friesians have a higher prevalence of severe esophageal disease, specifically megaesophagus, that is commonly associated with marked caudal muscular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komine
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (DCPAH) and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - I M Langohr
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (DCPAH) and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - M Kiupel
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (DCPAH) and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Sá MJN, Fieremans N, de Brouwer APM, Sousa R, Costa FTE, Brito MJ, Carvalho F, Rodrigues M, de Sousa FT, Felgueiras J, Neves F, Carvalho A, Ramos U, Vizcaíno JR, Alves S, Carvalho F, Froyen G, Oliveira JP. Deletion of the 5′exons ofCOL4A6is not needed for the development of diffuse leiomyomatosis in patients with Alport syndrome. J Med Genet 2013; 50:745-53. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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