1
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Song L, Golman M, Abraham AC, Zelzer E, Thomopoulos S. A role for TGFβ signaling in Gli1+ tendon and enthesis cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23568. [PMID: 38522021 PMCID: PMC10962263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301452r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of musculoskeletal tissues such as tendon, enthesis, and bone relies on proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Gli1+ cells have been described as putative stem cells in several tissues and are presumed to play critical roles in tissue formation and maintenance. For example, the enthesis, a fibrocartilage tissue that connects tendon to bone, is mineralized postnatally by a pool of Gli1+ progenitor cells. These cells are regulated by hedgehog signaling, but it is unclear if TGFβ signaling, necessary for tenogenesis, also plays a role in their behavior. To examine the role of TGFβ signaling in Gli1+ cell function, the receptor for TGFβ, TbR2, was deleted in Gli1-lineage cells in mice at P5. Decreased TGFβ signaling in these cells led to defects in tendon enthesis formation by P56, including defective bone morphometry underlying the enthesis and decreased mechanical properties. Immunohistochemical staining of these Gli1+ cells showed that loss of TGFβ signaling reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis. In vitro experiments using Gli1+ cells isolated from mouse tail tendons demonstrated that TGFβ controls cell proliferation and differentiation through canonical and non-canonical pathways and that TGFβ directly controls the tendon transcription factor scleraxis by binding to its distant enhancer. These results have implications in the development of treatments for tendon and enthesis pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY10032, USA
| | - Mikhail Golman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10027, USA
| | - Adam C. Abraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10027, USA
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2
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Wu M, Wu S, Chen W, Li YP. The roles and regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β and BMP signaling in bone and cartilage development, homeostasis and disease. Cell Res 2024; 34:101-123. [PMID: 38267638 PMCID: PMC10837209 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) and bone morphometric proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily and perform essential functions during osteoblast and chondrocyte lineage commitment and differentiation, skeletal development, and homeostasis. TGF-βs and BMPs transduce signals through SMAD-dependent and -independent pathways; specifically, they recruit different receptor heterotetramers and R-Smad complexes, resulting in unique biological readouts. BMPs promote osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and chondrogenesis at all differentiation stages, while TGF-βs play different roles in a stage-dependent manner. BMPs and TGF-β have opposite functions in articular cartilage homeostasis. Moreover, TGF-β has a specific role in maintaining the osteocyte network. The precise activation of BMP and TGF-β signaling requires regulatory machinery at multiple levels, including latency control in the matrix, extracellular antagonists, ubiquitination and phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, nucleus-cytoplasm transportation, and transcriptional co-regulation in the nuclei. This review weaves the background information with the latest advances in the signaling facilitated by TGF-βs and BMPs, and the advanced understanding of their diverse physiological functions and regulations. This review also summarizes the human diseases and mouse models associated with disordered TGF-β and BMP signaling. A more precise understanding of the BMP and TGF-β signaling could facilitate the development of bona fide clinical applications in treating bone and cartilage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shali Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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3
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Goto A, Komura S, Kato K, Maki R, Hirakawa A, Tomita H, Hirata A, Yamada Y, Akiyama H. C-X-C domain ligand 14-mediated stromal cell-macrophage interaction as a therapeutic target for hand dermal fibrosis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1173. [PMID: 37980373 PMCID: PMC10657354 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dupuytren's contracture, a superficial dermal fibrosis, causes flexion contracture of the affected finger, impairing hand function. Specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms within genes in the Wnt signalling pathway are associated with the disease. However, the precise role of Wnt signalling dysregulation in the onset and progression of Dupuytren's contracture remains unclear. Here, using a fibrosis mouse model and clinical samples of human Dupuytren's contractures, we demonstrate that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in Tppp3-positive cells in the dermis of the paw is associated with the development of fibrosis. Fibrosis development and progression via Wnt/β-catenin signalling are closely related to stromal cell-macrophage interactions, and Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation in Tppp3-positive stromal cells causes M2 macrophage infiltration via chemokine Cxcl14, resulting in the formation of a TGF-β-expressing fibrotic niche. Inhibition of Cxcl14 mitigates fibrosis by decreasing macrophage infiltration. These findings suggest that Cxcl14-mediated stromal cell-macrophage interaction is a promising therapeutic target for Wnt/β-catenin-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shingo Komura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Koki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Rie Maki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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4
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Guo Y, Chen X, Lai Y, Lu M, Wang C, Shi Y, Ren C, Chen W. Disruption of hedgehog signaling leads to hyoid bone dysplasia during embryogenesis. Differentiation 2023; 131:82-88. [PMID: 37178555 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of the hyoid bone is a complex process that involves the coordination of multiple signaling pathways. Previous studies have demonstrated that disruption of the hedgehog pathway in mice results in a series of structural malformations. However, the specific role and critical period of the hedgehog pathway in the early development of the hyoid bone have not been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we treated pregnant ICR mice with the hedgehog pathway inhibitor vismodegib by oral gavage in order to establish a model of hyoid bone dysplasia. Our results indicate that administration of vismodegib at embryonic days 11.5 (E11.5) and E12.5 resulted in the development of hyoid bone dysplasia. We were able to define the critical periods for the induction of hyoid bone deformity through the use of a meticulous temporal resolution. Our findings suggest that the hedgehog pathway plays a crucial role in the early development of the hyoid bone. Additionally, our research has established a novel and easily established mouse model of synostosis in the hyoid bone using a commercially available pathway-selective inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongzhen Lai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Chengyong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Chengyan Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Weihui Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Du X, Cai L, Xie J, Zhou X. The role of TGF-beta3 in cartilage development and osteoarthritis. Bone Res 2023; 11:2. [PMID: 36588106 PMCID: PMC9806111 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage serves as a low-friction, load-bearing tissue without the support with blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves, making its repair a big challenge. Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3), a vital member of the highly conserved TGF-β superfamily, plays a versatile role in cartilage physiology and pathology. TGF-β3 influences the whole life cycle of chondrocytes and mediates a series of cellular responses, including cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Since TGF-β3 is involved in maintaining the balance between chondrogenic differentiation and chondrocyte hypertrophy, its regulatory role is especially important to cartilage development. Increased TGF-β3 plays a dual role: in healthy tissues, it can facilitate chondrocyte viability, but in osteoarthritic chondrocytes, it can accelerate the progression of disease. Recently, TGF-β3 has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis (OA) owing to its protective effect, which it confers by enhancing the recruitment of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to damaged cartilage. However, the biological mechanism of TGF-β3 action in cartilage development and OA is not well understood. In this review, we systematically summarize recent progress in the research on TGF-β3 in cartilage physiology and pathology, providing up-to-date strategies for cartilage repair and preventive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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6
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Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressive cells mitigate over-adipogenesis of bone marrow microenvironment in aplastic anemia by inhibiting CD8 + T cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:620. [PMID: 35851002 PMCID: PMC9293984 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a blood disorder resulted from over-activated T-cell related hematopoietic failure, with the characterization of hypocellularity and enhanced adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs) in bone marrow (BM). However, little is known about the relationship between immune imbalance and polarized adipogenic abnormity of BM microenvironment in this disease entity. In the present study, we differentiated BM-MSCs into osteoblastic or adipogenic lineages to mimic the osteo-adipogenic differentiation. Activated CD8+ T cells and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were found to stimulate adipogenesis of BM-MSCs either in vitro or in vivo of AA mouse model. Interestingly, myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), one of the immune-regulating populations, were decreased within BM of AA mice. We found that it was not CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C- granulocytic-MDSCs (gMDSCs) but CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6C+ monocytic-MDSCs (mMDSCs) inhibiting both T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production via inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) pathway. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of AA- and mMDSCs-treated murine BM cells revealed that mMDSCs transfusion could reconstitute BM hematopoietic progenitors by inhibiting T cells population and signature cytokines and decreasing immature Adipo-Cxcl12-abundant reticular cells within BM. Multi-injection of mMDSCs into AA mice reduced intra-BM T cells infiltration and suppressed BM adipogenesis, which subsequently restored the intra-BM immune balance and eventually prevented pancytopenia and hypo-hematopoiesis. In conclusion, adoptive transfusion of mMDSCs might be a novel immune-regulating strategy to treat AA, accounting for not only restoring the intra-BM immune balance but also improving stroma's multi-differentiating microenvironment.
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7
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Balasubramanian S, Perumal E. A systematic review on fluoride-induced epigenetic toxicity in mammals. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:449-468. [PMID: 36422650 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride, one of the global groundwater contaminants, is ubiquitous in our day-to-day life from various natural and anthropogenic sources. Numerous in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies are conducted to understand the effect of fluoride on biological systems. A low concentration of fluoride is reported to increase oral health, whereas chronic exposure to higher concentrations causes fluoride toxicity (fluorosis). It includes dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and fluoride toxicity in soft tissues. The mechanism of fluoride toxicity has been reviewed extensively. However, epigenetic regulation in fluoride toxicity has not been reviewed. This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge regarding fluoride-induced epigenetic toxicity in the in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies in mammalian systems. We examined four databases for the association between epigenetics and fluoride exposure. Out of 932 articles (as of 31 March 2022), 39 met our inclusion criteria. Most of the studies focused on different genes, and overall, preliminary evidence for epigenetic regulation of fluoride toxicity was identified. We further highlight the need for epigenome studies rather than candidate genes and provide recommendations for future research. Our results indicate a correlation between fluoride exposure and epigenetic processes. Further studies are warranted to elucidate and confirm the mechanism of epigenetic alterations mediated fluoride toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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8
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Vail DJ, Somoza RA, Caplan AI. MicroRNA Regulation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis: Toward Articular Cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:254-269. [PMID: 34328786 PMCID: PMC8971999 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of a clinically useful engineered cartilage is an outstanding and unmet clinical need. High-throughput RNA sequencing provides a means of characterizing the molecular phenotype of populations of cells and can be leveraged to better understand differences among source cells, derivative engineered tissues, and target phenotypes. In this study, small RNA sequencing is utilized to comprehensively characterize the microRNA transcriptomes (miRNomes) of native human neonatal articular cartilage and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) differentiating into cartilage organoids, contrasting the microRNA regulation of engineered cartilage with that of a promising target phenotype. Five dominant microRNAs are upregulated during cartilage organoid differentiation and disproportionately regulate transcription factors: miR-148a-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-140-5p, and miR-181a-5p. Two microRNAs that dominate the miRNomes of hBM-MSCs, miR-21-5p and miR-143-3p, persist throughout the differentiation process and may limit the ability of these cells to differentiate into an engineered cartilage resembling target native articular cartilage. By using predictive bioinformatics tools and antagomir inhibition, these persistent microRNAs are shown to destabilize the mRNA of genes with known or potential roles in cartilage biology including FGF18, TGFBR2, TET1, STOX2, ARAP2, N4BP2L1, LHX9, NFIA, and RPS6KA5. These results shed light on the extent to which only a few microRNAs contribute to the complex regulatory environment of hBM-MSCs for engineered tissues. Impact statement MicroRNAs are emerging as important controlling elements in the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). By using a robust bioinformatic approach and further validation in vitro, here we provide a comprehensive characterization of the microRNA transcriptomes (miRNomes) of a commonly studied and clinically promising source of multipotent cells (hBM-MSCs), a gold standard model of in vitro chondrogenesis (hBM-MSC-derived cartilage organoids), and an attractive in vivo target phenotype for clinically useful engineered cartilage (neonatal articular cartilage). These analyses highlighted a specific set of microRNAs involved in the chondrogenic program that could be manipulated to acquire a more robust articular cartilage-like phenotype. This characterization provides researchers in the cartilage tissue engineering field a useful atlas with which to contextualize microRNA involvement in complex differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Vail
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Address correspondence to: Daniel J. Vail, PhD, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2109 Adelbert Road, Biomedical Research Building, Room 647C, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rodrigo A. Somoza
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arnold I. Caplan
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Zhang Y, Li Z, He Y, Zhang M, Feng Y, Fang Q, Ma T, Deng X, Chen J. Transforming growth factor-β receptors mediates matrix degradation and abnormal hypertrophy in T-2 toxin-induced hypertrophic chondrocytes. Toxicon 2022; 207:13-20. [PMID: 34995556 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether transforming growth factor-β receptor I (TGF-βRI) and TGF-βRII mediate matrix degradation and abnormal hypertrophy in T-2 toxin-induced hypertrophic chondrocytes. Hypertrophic chondrocytes were exposed to TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII binding inhibitor (GW788388) for 24 h prior to exposure to different concentrations of T-2 toxin (0, 10, 25, and 50 ng/mL for 48 h). Hypertrophic chondrocytes were assessed based on the expression of matrix-degrading and terminal differentiation-related genes and cell viability. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, MMP-13, MMP-1, and MMP-9) were reduced in the GW788388+T-2 toxin group compared to the T-2 toxin group. The expression of terminal differentiation-related genes (MMP-2, MMP-10, and collagen X) was increased in hypertrophic chondrocytes in the inhibited groups compared to that in the T-2 toxin group. The survival rate of chondrocytes decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. GW788388 did not significantly block the reduced cell viability in hypertrophic chondrocytes exposed to T-2 toxin. The upregulated expression of TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII mediates the abnormal chondrocyte hypertrophy and extracellular matrix degeneration observed in T-2 toxin-induced hypertrophic chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; School of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Ying He
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yiping Feng
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Qian Fang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Tianyou Ma
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xianghua Deng
- Research Division, HSS, Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jinghong Chen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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10
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Shi C, Yao Y, Wang L, Sun P, Feng J, Wu G. Human Salivary Histatin-1-Functionalized Gelatin Methacrylate Hydrogels Promote the Regeneration of Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in Temporomandibular Joints. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050484. [PMID: 34069458 PMCID: PMC8159088 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The avascular structure and lack of regenerative cells make the repair of osteochondral defects in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) highly challenging in the clinic. To provide a viable treatment option, we developed a methacrylated gelatin (Gel-MA) hydrogel functionalized with human salivary histatin-1 (Hst1). Gel-MA is highly biocompatible, biodegradable, and cost-effective. Hst1 is capable of activating a series of cell activities, such as adhesion, migration, differentiation, and angiogenesis. To evaluate the efficacy of Hst1/Gel-MA, critical-size osteochondral defects (3 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth) of TMJ in New Zealand white rabbits were surgically created and randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups: (1) control (no filling material); (2) Gel-MA hydrogel; (3) Hst1/Gel-MA hydrogel. Samples were retrieved 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-surgery and subjected to gross examination and a series of histomorphometric and immunological analyses. In comparison with the control and Gel-MA alone groups, Hst1/Gel-MA hydrogel was associated with significantly higher International Cartilage Repair Society score, modified O’Driscoll score, area percentages of newly formed bone, cartilage, collagen fiber, and glycosaminoglycan, and expression of collagen II and aggrecan. In conclusion, Hst1/Gel-MA hydrogels significantly enhance bone and cartilage regeneration, thus bearing promising application potential for repairing osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjing Shi
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jianying Feng
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Han Y, Jia B, Lian M, Sun B, Wu Q, Sun B, Qiao Z, Dai K. High-precision, gelatin-based, hybrid, bilayer scaffolds using melt electro-writing to repair cartilage injury. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2173-2186. [PMID: 33511315 PMCID: PMC7814104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury is a common disease in the field of orthopedics. Because cartilage has poor self-repairing ability, medical intervention is needed. Using melt electro-writing (MEW) technology, tissue engineering scaffolds with high porosity and high precision can be prepared. However, ordinary materials, especially natural polymer materials, are difficult to print. In this study, gelatin was mixed with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) to prepare high-concentration and high-viscosity printer ink, which had good printability and formability. A composite scaffold with full-layer TGF-β1 loading mixed with hydroxyapatite was prepared, and the scaffold was implanted at the cartilage injury site; microfracture surgery was conducted to induce the mesenchyme in the bone marrow. Quality stem cells thereby promoted the repair of damaged cartilage. In summary, this study developed a novel printing method, explored the molding conditions based on MEW printing ink, and constructed a bioactive cartilage repair scaffold. The scaffold can use autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and induce their differentiation to promote cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Meifei Lian
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Binbin Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Benlin Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhiguang Qiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, South Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201112, China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
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12
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Yin Z, Lin J, Yan R, Liu R, Liu M, Zhou B, Zhou W, An C, Chen Y, Hu Y, Fan C, Zhao K, Wu B, Zou X, Zhang J, El‐Hashash AH, Chen X, Ouyang H. Atlas of Musculoskeletal Stem Cells with the Soft and Hard Tissue Differentiation Architecture. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000938. [PMID: 33304744 PMCID: PMC7710003 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although being of utmost importance for human health and mobility, stem cell identity and hierarchical organization of musculoskeletal progenitors remain largely unexplored. Here, cells from E10.5, E12.5, and E15.5 murine limbs are analyzed by high throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to illustrate the cellular architecture during limb development. Single-cell transcriptional profiling demonstrates the identity and differentiation architecture of musculoskeletal stem cells (MSSC), soft and hard tissue progenitors through expression pattern of musculoskeletal markers (scleraxis [Scx], Hoxd13, Sox9, and Col1a1). This is confirmed by genetic in vivo lineage tracing. Moreover, single-cell analyses of Scx knockout mice tissues illustrates that Scx regulates MSSC self-renewal and proliferation potential. A high-throughput and low-cost multi-tissues RNA sequencing strategy further provides evidence that musculoskeletal system tissues, including muscle, bone, meniscus, and cartilage, are all abnormally developed in Scx knockout mice. These results establish the presence of an indispensable limb Scx+Hoxd13+ MSSC population and their differentiation into soft tissue progenitors (Scx+Col1a1+) and hard tissue progenitors (Scx+Sox9+). Collectively, this study paves the way for systematically decoding the complex molecular mechanisms and cellular programs of musculoskeletal tissues morphogenesis in limb development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed)Hangzhou310058China
| | - Junxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Ruojin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Richun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Wenyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute & School of Basic MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Chengrui An
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Yangwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Yejun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Xiaohui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Department of Gynecologythe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Jin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Ahmed H. El‐Hashash
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute & School of Basic MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Edinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4SBUK
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed)Hangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Department of Sports MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed)Hangzhou310058China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute & School of Basic MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Department of Sports MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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13
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Thielen NGM, van der Kraan PM, van Caam APM. TGFβ/BMP Signaling Pathway in Cartilage Homeostasis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090969. [PMID: 31450621 PMCID: PMC6769927 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by growth factors such as those of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family. Members of this family include the TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs). Signaling by this protein family uniquely activates SMAD-dependent signaling and transcription but also activates SMAD-independent signaling via MAPKs such as ERK and TAK1. This review will address the pivotal role of the TGFβ family in cartilage biology by listing several TGFβ family members and describing their signaling and importance for cartilage maintenance. In addition, it is discussed how (pathological) processes such as aging, mechanical stress, and inflammation contribute to altered TGFβ family signaling, leading to disturbed cartilage metabolism and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie G M Thielen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan P M van Caam
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Matiller V, Hein GJ, Stassi AF, Angeli E, Belotti EM, Ortega HH, Rey F, Salvetti NR. Expression of TGFBR1, TGFBR2, TGFBR3, ACVR1B and ACVR2B is altered in ovaries of cows with cystic ovarian disease. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:46-54. [PMID: 30120850 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the expression of transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFBR)1, TGFBR2, TGFBR3, activin receptor (ACVR)1B and ACVR2B in ovaries of cows with cystic ovarian disease (COD). The expression of the selected receptors was determined by immunohistochemistry in sections of ovaries from cows with ACTH-induced and spontaneous COD. Expression of TGFBR1 and TGFBR3 was higher in granulosa cells of cysts from cows with spontaneous COD than in tertiary follicles from the control group. Additionally, TGFBR3 expression was higher in granulosa cells of cysts from cows with ACTH-induced COD than in those from the control group and lower in theca cells of spontaneous and ACTH-induced cysts than in tertiary control follicles. There were no changes in the expression of TGFBR2. ACVR1B expression was higher in granulosa cells of tertiary follicles of cows with spontaneous COD than in the control group, whereas ACVR2B expression was higher in cysts of the spontaneous COD group than in tertiary follicles from the control group. The alterations here detected, together with the altered expression of the ligands previously reported, indicate alterations in the response of the ligands in the target cells, modifying their actions at cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Matiller
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gustavo J Hein
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Centro Universitario Gálvez, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Gálvez, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Antonela F Stassi
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel Angeli
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Eduardo M Belotti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Florencia Rey
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia R Salvetti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
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15
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Cyprus GN, Overlin JW, Vega RA, Ritter AM, Olivares-Navarrete R. Spatial regulation of gene expression in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2018; 22:620-626. [PMID: 30215585 DOI: 10.3171/2018.6.peds18229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVECranial suture patterning and development are highly regulated processes that are not entirely understood. While studies have investigated the differential gene expression for different sutures, little is known about gene expression changes during suture fusion. The aim of this study was to examine gene expression in patent, fusing, and fused regions along sagittal suture specimens in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patients.METHODSSagittal sutures were collected from 7 patients (average age 4.5 months) who underwent minimally invasive craniotomies at the Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU under IRB approval. The sutures were analyzed using micro-CT to evaluate patency. The areas were classified as open, fusing, or fused and were harvested, and mRNA was isolated. Gene expression for bone-related proteins, osteogenic and angiogenic factors, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, and Wnt signaling was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared with normal sutures collected from fetal demise tissue (control).RESULTSMicro-CT demonstrated that there are variable areas of closure along the length of the sagittal suture. When comparing control samples to surgical samples, there was a significant difference in genes for Wnt signaling, TGF-β, angiogenic and osteogenic factors, bone remodeling, and nuclear rigidity in mRNA isolated from the fusing and fused areas of the sagittal suture compared with patent areas (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSIn nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis, the affected suture has variable areas of being open, fusing, and fused. These specific areas have different mRNA expression. The results suggest that BMP-2, FGFR3, and several other signaling pathways play a significant role in the regulation of suture fusion as well as in the maintenance of patency in the normal suture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett N Cyprus
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University; and
| | - Jefferson W Overlin
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University; and
| | - Rafael A Vega
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ann M Ritter
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - René Olivares-Navarrete
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University; and
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16
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Leslie SK, Cohen DJ, Hyzy SL, Dosier CR, Nicolini A, Sedlaczek J, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Microencapsulated rabbit adipose stem cells initiate tissue regeneration in a rabbit ear defect model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1742-1753. [PMID: 29766656 DOI: 10.1002/term.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based tissue engineering can promote cartilage tissue regeneration, but cell retention in the implant site post-delivery is problematic. Alginate microbeads containing adipose stem cells (ASCs) pretreated with chondrogenic media have been used successfully to regenerate hyaline cartilage in critical size defects in rat xiphoid suggesting that they may be used to treat defects in elastic cartilages such as the ear. To test this, we used microbeads made with low viscosity, high mannuronate medical grade alginate using a high electrostatic potential, and a calcium cross linking solution containing glucose. Microbeads containing rabbit ASCs (rbASCs) were implanted bilaterally in 3 mm critical size midcartilage ear defects of six skeletally mature male New Zealand White rabbits (empty defect; microbeads without cells; microbeads with cells; degradable microbeads with cells; and autograft). Twelve weeks post-implantation, regeneration was assessed by microCT and histology. Microencapsulated rbASCs cultured in chondrogenic media expressed mRNAs for aggrecan, Type II collagen, and Type X collagen. Histologically, empty defects contained fibrous tissue; microbeads without cells were still present in defects and were surrounded by fibrous tissue; nondegradable beads with rbASCs initiated cartilage regeneration; degradable microbeads with cells produced immature bone-like tissue, also demonstrated by microCT; and autografts appeared as normal auricular cartilage but were not fully integrated with the tissue surrounding the defect. Elastin, the hallmark of auricular cartilage, was not evident in the neocartilage. This delivery system offers the potential for regeneration of auricular cartilage, but vascularity of the treatment site and use of factors that induce elastin must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirae K Leslie
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sharon L Hyzy
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Janina Sedlaczek
- Department of Orthopaedics, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Grafe I, Alexander S, Peterson JR, Snider TN, Levi B, Lee B, Mishina Y. TGF-β Family Signaling in Mesenchymal Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a022202. [PMID: 28507020 PMCID: PMC5932590 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several lineages during development and also contribute to tissue homeostasis and regeneration, although the requirements for both may be distinct. MSC lineage commitment and progression in differentiation are regulated by members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. This review focuses on the roles of TGF-β family signaling in mesenchymal lineage commitment and differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts, adipocytes, and tenocytes. We summarize the reported findings of cell culture studies, animal models, and interactions with other signaling pathways and highlight how aberrations in TGF-β family signaling can drive human disease by affecting mesenchymal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jonathan R Peterson
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Taylor Nicholas Snider
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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18
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Chleilat E, Skatulla L, Rahhal B, Hussein MT, Feuerstein M, Krieglstein K, Roussa E. TGF-β Signaling Regulates Development of Midbrain Dopaminergic and Hindbrain Serotonergic Neuron Subgroups. Neuroscience 2018; 381:124-137. [PMID: 29689292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular and functional diversity within midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) and hindbrain serotonergic (5-HT) neurons has emerged as a relevant feature that could underlie selective vulnerability of neurons in clinical disorders. We have investigated the role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) during development of mDA and 5-HT subgroups. We have generated TβRIIflox/flox::En1cre/+ mice where type II TGF-β receptor is conditionally deleted from engrailed 1-expressing cells and have investigated the hindbrain serotonergic system of these mice together with Tgf-β2-/- mice. The results show a significant decrease in the number of 5-HT neurons in TGF-β2-deficient mice at embryonic day (E) 12 and a selective significant decrease in the hindbrain paramedian raphe 5-HT neurons at E18, compared to wild type. Moreover, conditional deletion of TGF-β signaling from midbrain and rhombomere 1 leads to inactive TGF-β signaling in cre-expressing cells, impaired development of mouse mDA neuron subgroups and of dorsal raphe 5-HT neuron subgroups in a temporal manner. These results highlight a selective growth factor dependency of individual rostral hindbrain serotonergic subpopulations, emphasize the impact of TGF-β signaling during development of mDA and 5-HT subgroups, and suggest TGF-βs as potent candidates to establish diversity within the hindbrain serotonergic system. Thus, the data contribute to a better understanding of development and degeneration of mDA neurons and 5-HT-associated clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enaam Chleilat
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Lena Skatulla
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Belal Rahhal
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Manal T Hussein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Melanie Feuerstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Krieglstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Daiwile AP, Sivanesan S, Tarale P, Naoghare PK, Bafana A, Parmar D, Kannan K. Role of fluoride induced histone trimethylation in development of skeletal fluorosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 57:159-165. [PMID: 29275289 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to fluoride has been associated with the development of skeletal fluorosis. Limited reports are available on fluoride induced histone modification. However, the role of histone modification in the pathogenesis of skeletal fluorosis is not investigated. In the present study, we have investigated the role of fluoride induced histone modification on fluorosis development using human osteosarcoma (HOS) cell line. The expression of histone methyltransferases (EHMT1 and EHZ2) and level of global histone trimethylation (H3K9 and H3K27) have been assessed and observed to be increased significantly after fluoride exposure (8 mg/L). EpiTect chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) qPCR Array (Human TGFβ/BMP signaling pathway) was performed to assess the H3K9 trimethylation at promoter regions of pathway-specific genes. H3K9 ChIP PCR array analysis identified hyper H3K9 trimethylation in promoter regions of TGFBR2 and SMAD3. qPCR and STRING analysis was carried out to determine the repressive epigenetic effect of H3K9 trimethylation on expression pattern and functional association of identified genes. Identified genes (TGFBR2 and SMAD3) showed down-regulation which confirms the repressive epigenetic effect of promoter H3K9 hyper trimethylation. Expression of two other vital genes COL1A1 and MMP13 involved in TGFBR2-SMAD signaling pathway was also found to be down-regulated with a decrease in expression of TGFBR2 and SMAD3. STRING analysis revealed functional association and involvement of identified genes TGFBR2, SMAD3, COL1A1 and MMP13 in the collagen and cartilage development/morphogenesis, connective tissue formation, bio-mineral tissue development, endochondral bone formation, bone and skeletal morphogenesis. In conclusion, present investigation is a first attempt to link fluoride induced hyper H3K9 tri-methylation mediated repression of TGFBR2 and SMAD3 with the development of skeletal fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul P Daiwile
- Environmental Impact Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Saravanadevi Sivanesan
- Environmental Impact Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - Prashant Tarale
- Environmental Impact Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Pravin K Naoghare
- Environmental Impact Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Amit Bafana
- Environmental Impact Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Krishnamurthi Kannan
- Environmental Impact Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
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20
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Requirement of Smad4 from Ocular Surface Ectoderm for Retinal Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159639. [PMID: 27494603 PMCID: PMC4975478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia is characterized by abnormally small eyes and usually retinal dysplasia, accounting for up to 11% of the blindness in children. Right now there is no effective treatment for the disease, and the underlying mechanisms, especially how retinal dysplasia develops from microphthalmia and whether it depends on the signals from lens ectoderm are still unclear. Mutations in genes of the TGF-β superfamily have been noted in patients with microphthalmia. Using conditional knockout mice, here we address the question that whether ocular surface ectoderm-derived Smad4 modulates retinal development. We found that loss of Smad4 specifically on surface lens ectoderm leads to microphthalmia and dysplasia of retina. Retinal dysplasia in the knockout mice is caused by the delayed or failed differentiation and apoptosis of retinal cells. Microarray analyses revealed that members of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways are affected in the knockout retinas, suggesting that ocular surface ectoderm-derived Smad4 can regulate Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in the retina. Our studies suggest that defective of ocular surface ectoderm may affect retinal development.
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Ramchandani D, Weber GF. Interactions between osteopontin and vascular endothelial growth factor: Implications for skeletal disorders. Bone 2015; 81:7-15. [PMID: 26123594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are characterized by a convergence in function for maintaining the homeostasis of the skeletal and renal systems (the bone-renal-vascular axis regulates bone metabolism). The two cytokines contribute to bone remodeling, dental healing, kidney function, and the adjustment to microgravity. Often, they are co-expressed or one molecule induces the other, however, in some settings OPN-associated pathways and VEGF-associated pathways are distinct. In bone remodeling, OPN and VEGF are regulated under the influence of growth factors and hormones, hypoxia and inflammation, the micro-environment, and various physical forces. Their abundance can be affected by drug treatment. OPN and VEGF are variably associated with kidney disease. Their balanced levels are critical for restoring endothelial cell function and ameliorating the adverse effects of microgravity. Here, we review the relevant 83 papers of 257 articles published, and listed in PubMed under the key words OPN and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg F Weber
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, USA.
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Karimi T, Barati D, Karaman O, Moeinzadeh S, Jabbari E. A developmentally inspired combined mechanical and biochemical signaling approach on zonal lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells in articular cartilage regeneration. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:112-27. [PMID: 25387395 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is organized into multiple zones including superficial, middle and calcified zones with distinct cellular and extracellular components to impart lubrication, compressive strength, and rigidity for load transmission to bone, respectively. During native cartilage tissue development, changes in biochemical, mechanical, and cellular factors direct the formation of stratified structure of articular cartilage. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of combined gradients in cell density, matrix stiffness, and zone-specific growth factors on the zonal organization of articular cartilage. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were encapsulated in acrylate-functionalized lactide-chain-extended polyethylene glycol (SPELA) gels simulating cell density and stiffness of the superficial, middle and calcified zones. The cell-encapsulated gels were cultivated in a medium supplemented with growth factors specific to each zone and the expression of zone-specific markers was measured with incubation time. Encapsulation of 60 × 10(6) cells per mL hMSCs in a soft gel (80 kPa modulus) and cultivation with a combination of TGF-β1 (3 ng mL(-1)) and BMP-7 (100 ng mL(-1)) led to the expression of markers for the superficial zone. Conversely, encapsulation of 15 × 10(6) cells per mL hMSCs in a stiff gel (320 MPa modulus) and cultivation with a combination of TGF-β1 (30 ng mL(-1)) and hydroxyapatite (3%) led to the expression of markers for the calcified zone. Further, encapsulation of 20 × 10(6) cells per mL hMSCs in a gel with 2.1 MPa modulus and cultivation with a combination of TGF-β1 (30 ng mL(-1)) and IGF-1 (100 ng mL(-1)) led to up-regulation of the middle zone markers. Results demonstrate that a developmental approach with gradients in cell density, matrix stiffness, and zone-specific growth factors can potentially regenerate zonal structure of the articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Karimi
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Swearingen Engineering Center, Rm 2C11, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Ramchandani D, Weber GF. Interactions between osteopontin and vascular endothelial growth factor: Implications for cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:202-22. [PMID: 25732057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For this comprehensive review, 257 publications with the keywords "osteopontin" or "OPN" and "vascular endothelial growth factor" or "VEGF" in PubMed were screened (time frame from year 1996 to year 2014). 37 articles were excluded because they were not focused on the interactions between these molecules, and papers relevant for transformation-related phenomena were selected. Osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are characterized by a convergence in function for regulating cell motility and angiogenesis, the response to hypoxia, and apoptosis. Often, they are co-expressed or one molecule induces the other, however, in some settings OPN-associated pathways and VEGF-associated pathways are distinct. Their relationships affect the pathogenesis in cancer, where they contribute to progression and angiogenesis and serve as markers for poor prognosis. The inhibition of OPN may reduce VEGF levels and suppress tumor progression. In vascular pathologies, these two cytokines mediate remodeling, but may also perpetuate inflammation and narrowing of the arteries. OPN and VEGF are elevated and contribute to vascularization in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg F Weber
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, USA.
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Hayata T, Ezura Y, Asashima M, Nishinakamura R, Noda M, Noda M. Dullard/Ctdnep1 regulates endochondral ossification via suppression of TGF-β signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:318-29. [PMID: 25155999 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling plays critical roles during skeletal development and its excessive signaling causes genetic diseases of connective tissues including Marfan syndrome and acromelic dysplasia. However, the mechanisms underlying prevention of excessive TGF-β signaling in skeletogenesis remain unclear. We previously reported that Dullard/Ctdnep1 encoding a small phosphatase is required for nephron maintenance after birth through suppression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Unexpectedly, we found that Dullard is involved in suppression of TGF-β signaling during endochondral ossification. Conditional Dullard-deficient mice in the limb and sternum mesenchyme by Prx1-Cre displayed the impaired growth and ossification of skeletal elements leading to postnatal lethality. Dullard was expressed in early cartilage condensations and later in growth plate chondrocytes. The tibia growth plate of newborn Dullard mutant mice showed reduction of the proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocyte layers. The sternum showed deformity of cartilage primordia and delayed hypertrophy. Micromass culture experiments revealed that Dullard deficiency enhanced early cartilage condensation and differentiation, but suppressed mineralized hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, which was reversed by treatment with TGF-β type I receptor kinase blocker LY-364947. Dullard deficiency induced upregulation of protein levels of both phospho-Smad2/3 and total Smad2/3 in micromass cultures without increase of Smad2/3 mRNA levels, suggesting that Dullard may affect Smad2/3 protein stability. The phospho-Smad2/3 level was also upregulated in perichondrium and hypertrophic chondrocytes in Dullard-deficient embryos. Response to TGF-β signaling was enhanced in Dullard-deficient primary chondrocyte cultures at late, but not early, time point. Moreover, perinatal administration of LY-364947 ameliorated the sternum deformity in vivo. Thus, we identified Dullard as a new negative regulator of TGF-β signaling in endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Hayata
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Decreased BMP2 signal in GIT1 knockout mice slows bone healing. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 397:67-74. [PMID: 25138700 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification, an important stage of fracture healing, is regulated by a variety of signaling pathways. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily plays important roles and comprises TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth differentiation factors. TGFβs primarily regulate cartilage formation and endochondral ossification. BMP2 shows diverse efficacy, from the formation of skeleton and extraskeletal organs to the osteogenesis and remodeling of bone. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2-interacting protein-1 (GIT1), a shuttle protein in osteoblasts, facilitates fracture healing by promoting bone formation and increasing the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor. Our study examined whether GIT1 regulates fracture healing through the BMP2 signaling pathway and/or through the TGFβ signaling pathway. GIT1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited delayed fracture healing, chondrocyte accumulation in the fracture area, and reduced staining intensity of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 (pSmad1/5/8) and Runx2. Endochondral mineralization diminished while the staining intensity of phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3) showed no significant change. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells extracted from GIT1 KO mice showed a decline of pSmad1/5/8 levels and of pSmad1/5/8 translocated into the cell nucleus after BMP2 stimulus. We detected no significant change in the pSmad2/3 level after TGFβ1 stimulus. Data obtained from reporter gene analysis of C3H10T1/2 cells cultured in vitro confirmed these findings. GIT1-siRNA inhibited transcription in the cell nucleus via pSmad1/5/8 after BMP2 stimulus but had no significant effect on transcription via pSmad2/3 after TGFβ1 stimulus. Our results indicate that GIT1 regulates Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and mediates BMP2 regulation of Runx2 expression, thus affecting endochondral ossification at the fracture site.
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Tang R, Gao M, Wu M, Liu H, Zhang X, Liu B. High glucose mediates endothelial-to-chondrocyte transition in human aortic endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:113. [PMID: 22998723 PMCID: PMC3502155 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular calcification is one of the common complications in diabetes mellitus. Many studies have shown that high glucose (HG) caused cardiovascular calcification, but its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Recently, medial calcification has been most commonly described in the vessels of patients with diabetes. Chondrocytes were involved in the medial calcification. Recent studies have shown that the conversion into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) could be triggered in chondrocytes. Our previous research has indicated that HG induced EndMT in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Therefore, we addressed the question of whether HG-induced EndMT could be transitioned into MSCs and differentiated into chondrocytes. Methods HAECs were divided into three groups: a normal glucose (NG) group, HG group (30 mmol/L), and mannitol (5.5 mmol/L NG + 24.5 mmol/L) group. Pathological changes were investigated using fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the co-expression of endothelial markers, such as CD31, and fibroblast markers, such as fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1). The expression of FSP-1 was detected by real time-PCR and western blots. Endothelial-derived MSCs were grown in MSC medium for one week. The expression of the MSCs markers STRO-1, CD44, CD10 and the chondrocyte marker SOX9 was detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blots. Chondrocyte expression was detected by alcian blue staining. Calcium deposits were analyzed by alizarin red staining. Results The incubation of HAECs exposed to HG resulted in a fibroblast-like phenotype. Double staining of the HAECs indicated a co-localization of CD31 and FSP-1. The expression of FSP-1 was significantly increased in the HG group, and the cells undergoing EndMT also expressed STRO-1, CD44 and SOX9 compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Additionally, alcian blue staining in the HG group was positive compared to the NG group. Consistent with the evaluation of SOX9 expression, calcium deposits analyzed by alizarin red staining were also enhanced by the HG treatment. Specifically, we showed that HG-induced EndMT is accompanied by the activation of the canonical Snail pathway. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that HG could induce endothelial cells transdifferentiation into chondrocyte-like cells via the EndMT, which is mediated in part by the activation of the Snail signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rining Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
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