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Jiang Z, Li Z, Geng J, Xia L. Structural Optimization of PA12/MVQ@POE-g-MAH Ternary Composite for Superior Toughness and Low-Temperature Resistance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400228. [PMID: 38837476 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the low-temperature toughness and resistance of the engineering plastic polyamide PA12, this study introduces novel PA12/MVQ@POE-g-MAH ternary composites using a two-step process and dynamic curing. Analytical results indicate that incorporating MVQ@POE-g-MAH into the PA12 matrix markedly enhances its toughness and heat resistance. As the MVQ@POE-g-MAH content increases, the elongation at break of PA12 composites significantly expands from 52.83% to 204.69%, and the notch impact strength escalates from 8.69 to 74.34 kJ m-2. In addition, the brittleness temperature of PA12 decreases from -59.5 to -67.0 °C. Experimental findings confirm that POE-g-MAH is dispersed at the interface between MVQ and PA12, creating an encapsulated structure of MVQ@POE-g-MAH. This enhancement significantly broadens the potential applications of PA12 by improving its toughness, and resistance to both low and high temperatures, as well as impact endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zhongtian Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jieting Geng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
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2
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Lu J, Jalali A, Yao J, Ma Q, Yin J, Zhang R, Luo F. Toughness enhancement of polyamide 6,12 with intermolecular hydrogen bonding with
3‐pentadecylphenol. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High‐efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Amirjalal Jalali
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jianqi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of High‐efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Qin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High‐efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Jiajie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of High‐efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High‐efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Faliang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of High‐efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
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3
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Samantaray SK, Satapathy BK. On the crystal growth kinetics of ultra‐toughened biobased polyamide 410: New insights on dynamic crystallization. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar Samantaray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Bhabani K. Satapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
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4
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New Aspects on the Direct Solid State Polycondensation (DSSP) of Aliphatic Nylon Salts: The Case of Hexamethylene Diammonium Dodecanoate. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162625. [PMID: 34451162 PMCID: PMC8399917 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct solid state polymerization (DSSP) of hexamethylene diammonium dodecanoate (PA 612 salt) was investigated for two different salt grades, fossil-based and bio-based. Aliphatic polyamide salts (such as PA 612 salt) are highly susceptible to solid melt transition (SMT) phenomena, which restrain the industrial application of DSSP. To that end, emphasis was given on reactor design, being the critical parameter influencing byproduct diffusion, amine loss and inherent DSSP kinetics. Experiments took place both at the microscale and the laboratory scale, in which two different reactors were tested in terms of bypassing SMT phenomena. The new reactor designed here proved quite successful in maintaining the solid state during the reaction. Scouting experiments were conducted in order to assess the effect of critical parameters and determine appropriate reaction conditions. Fossil-based PA 612 products proved to have a better end-group imbalance in comparison to bio-based ones, which is critical in terms of achieving high molecular weight. Finally, a real DSSP process was demonstrated, starting from PA 612 salt crystals and ending with PA 612 particles.
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5
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Pan X, Wang Z, Chen L, Li W, Hu J, Hu J, Wu X, Zhang J, Duan Y. Dependence of microstructure and properties of polypropylene/bromo‐isobutylene‐isoprene rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates on the molding process. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao City Shandong China
| | - Zhaozhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao City Shandong China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao City Shandong China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao City Shandong China
| | - Jian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao City Shandong China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao City Shandong China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao City Shandong China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao City Shandong China
| | - Yongxin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao City Shandong China
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6
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Samantaray SK, Satapathy BK. Correlating
ultra‐toughening
of
bio‐based
polyamide 410 with melt rheological and solid state relaxation dynamics by gelation rheology approach. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar Samantaray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Bhabani K. Satapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi India
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Samantaray S, Satapathy BK. Ultratoughening of Biobased Polyamide 410. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5306-5317. [PMID: 32201819 PMCID: PMC7081436 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microstructural, thermomechanical, and quasistatic mechanical properties of biobased polyamide 410 (PA410)/poly(octane-co-ethylene)-g-maleic anhydride (POE-g-MA) blends with the impact toughener in the composition range of 0-20 wt % have been investigated, with an aim to overcome the poor notch and strain sensitivity of PA410. The crystallinity of the blends obtained from enthalpic measurements and initial degradation temperature indicating thermal stability remained mostly unaffected. A remarkably substantial increase, i.e., ∼15-fold enhancement, in the impact strength of the PA410/POE-g-MA blends leading to ultratoughening of PA410 accompanied by a significant increase in tensile strain at breaking is achieved though the elastic modulus (E) and yield strength (σ) decreased with impact modifier content. Thermomechanical analysis revealed a broadening in the loss tangent peak in the temperature range of ∼-50 to -30 °C corresponding to the POE phase, whereas the loss tangent peak corresponding to the PA410 phase stayed unaffected. Conventional theoretical models such as the rule of mixture and foam model were used to analyze the micromechanics of low-strain (<1%) mechanical response (E), and Nikolais-Narkis model and Isahi-Cohen models, for high-strain (>2%) mechanical response (σ). The interdependence of impact toughness, ductility ratio, and domain size of the dispersed rubber phase in the PA410/POE-g-MA blends could successfully be established vis-à-vis the mechanistic role of interparticle distance. Scanning electron microscopy showing domain coalescence of the soft elastomeric POE phase thus reiterated the pivotal role of interdomain distance and domain size in influencing the toughening mechanism of PA410/POE-g-MA blends. The qualitative phase distribution attributes based on atomic force microscopy remained in sync with quantitative parameters, such as domain size, hence reaffirming the mechanism behind ultratoughening of PA410 by POE.
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Chen G, Tang K, Niu G, Pan K, Feng X, Zhang L. Synthesis and characterization of the novel nylon 12 6 based on 1,12-diaminododecane. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Kailiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Guorui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Kai Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xinxing Feng
- Quartermaster Engineering and Technology Institude of Systems Engineering Institude of Military Science; Beijing 100010 China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
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9
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Properties of polyamide 612/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends and their impact on free volume and oxygen barrier properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Sripornsawat B, Saiwari S, Nakason C. Thermoplastic vulcanizates based on waste truck tire rubber and copolyester blends reinforced with carbon black. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:638-646. [PMID: 30343796 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Devulcanized rubber (DR) was prepared from waste truck tire rubber via thermo-chemical devulcanization process. Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on blending of DR and copolyester (DR/COPE) were prepared. Effects of carbon black loading on microstructure, mechanical properties and elastomeric behaviors of dynamically cured DR/COPE blends were investigated. It was found that increasing of the carbon black loadings leads to transformation from co-continuous phase structure to dispersion of smaller vulcanized rubber domains in the COPE matrix. Furthermore, the carbon black was well dispersed in the DR/COPE matrix up to 10 wt% and then the aggregates slightly occurred with increasing of carbon black loadings. In addition, dynamic experiments proved that a progressive non-linear behavior was more pronounced with increasing of carbon black loadings. Also, tan δmax of the DR phase decreases with increasing carbon black concentration indicating mainly localization of filler in rubber phase. Moreover, it was found that increases of CB loadings resulted in increase of tensile strength and hardness while the elongation at break was slightly decreased. Additionally, the rate of stress relaxations was found to be increased with increasing CB loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boripat Sripornsawat
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Sitisaiyidah Saiwari
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand.
| | - Charoen Nakason
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand.
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11
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Property enhancement of PP-EPDM thermoplastic vulcanizates via shear-induced break-up of nano-rubber aggregates and molecular orientation of the matrix. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Mehrabi Mazidi M, Razavi Aghjeh MK. Synergistic toughening effects of dispersed components in PP/PA6/EPDM ternary blends; quantitative analysis of the fracture toughness via the essential work of fracture (EWF) methodology. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07193c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A synergistic toughening effect of soft EPDM particles and rigid PA6 domains for PP/PA/EPDM ternary blends was observed and the related micromechanisms were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mehrabi Mazidi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
| | - Mir Karim Razavi Aghjeh
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
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