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Cui Y, Duan W, Jin Y, Wo F, Xi F, Wu J. Ratiometric Fluorescent Nanohybrid for Noninvasive and Visual Monitoring of Sweat Glucose. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2096-2105. [PMID: 32450686 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive and visual monitoring of glucose is highly desirable for diabetes diagnostics and long-term home-based health management. Owing to the correlation of the glucose level between blood and sweat, on-body sweat glucose detection provides potential for noninvasive healthcare but is highly challenging. Herein, we for the first time demonstrate a wearable skin pad based on the ratiometric fluorescent nanohybrid, which can realize noninvasive and visual monitoring of sweat glucose. Luminescent porous silicon (PSi) particles, which have a porous structure and oxidation-responsive photoluminescence decay, are chosen to load (adsorb or entrap) carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for the construction of the dual fluorescence nanohybrid. Bimetallic (Au and Ag) nanoparticles (BiM) are also co-decorated on the PSi particle to improve detection sensitivity by enhancing PSi's initial fluorescence and oxidation kinetics. Owing to the efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer effect, BiM-CQDs@PSi initially exhibits PSi's red fluorescence with complete quenching of CQDs's blue fluorescence. The oxidation of PSi triggered by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) weakens the FRET effect and decays PSi's fluorescence, causing ratiometric fluorescence to change from red (PSi) to blue (CQDs). A wearable skin pad is easily fabricated by co-immobilization of BiM-CQDs@PSi and glucose oxidase (GOX) in a transparent and biocompatible chitosan film supported by an adhesive polyurethane membrane. When the skin pad is attached on the body, the same ratiometric fluorescence transition (red → blue) is observed upon the stimulation of H2O2 generated in GOX-catalyzed oxidation of sweat glucose. Based on the strong correlation between the ratio of the fluorescence change and sweat glucose level, clinical tests toward diabetics and healthy volunteers can clearly indicate hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxuan Cui
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yao Jin
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangjie Wo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fengna Xi
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Jimenéz-Vivanco MR, García G, Carrillo J, Morales-Morales F, Coyopol A, Gracia M, Doti R, Faubert J, Lugo JE. Porous Si-SiO 2 UV Microcavities to Modulate the Responsivity of a Broadband Photodetector. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020222. [PMID: 32012926 PMCID: PMC7075018 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Porous Si-SiO2 UV microcavities are used to modulate a broad responsivity photodetector (GVGR-T10GD) with a detection range from 300 to 510 nm. The UV microcavity filters modified the responsivity at short wavelengths, while in the visible range the filters only attenuated the responsivity. All microcavities had a localized mode close to 360 nm in the UV-A range, and this meant that porous Si-SiO2 filters cut off the photodetection range of the photodetector from 300 to 350 nm, where microcavities showed low transmission. In the short-wavelength range, the photons were absorbed and did not contribute to the photocurrent. Therefore, the density of recombination centers was very high, and the photodetector sensitivity with a filter was lower than the photodetector without a filter. The maximum transmission measured at the localized mode (between 356 and 364 nm) was dominant in the UV-A range and enabled the flow of high energy photons. Moreover, the filters favored light transmission with a wavelength from 390 nm to 510 nm, where photons contributed to the photocurrent. Our filters made the photodetector more selective inside the specific UV range of wavelengths. This was a novel result to the best of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- María R. Jimenéz-Vivanco
- Semiconductor Devices Research Center, ICUAP, BUAP, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla Pue. C.P. 72570, Mexico; (M.R.J.-V.); (G.G.); (J.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Godofredo García
- Semiconductor Devices Research Center, ICUAP, BUAP, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla Pue. C.P. 72570, Mexico; (M.R.J.-V.); (G.G.); (J.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Jesús Carrillo
- Semiconductor Devices Research Center, ICUAP, BUAP, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla Pue. C.P. 72570, Mexico; (M.R.J.-V.); (G.G.); (J.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Francisco Morales-Morales
- Optics Research Center, A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Col. Lomas del Campestre León, León C.P. 37150, Gto, Mexico;
| | - Antonio Coyopol
- Semiconductor Devices Research Center, ICUAP, BUAP, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla Pue. C.P. 72570, Mexico; (M.R.J.-V.); (G.G.); (J.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Miguel Gracia
- IFUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ed. IF2, Col. San Manuel, Puebla C.P. 72570, Mexico;
| | - Rafael Doti
- Faubert Lab, School of Optometry, University de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada; (R.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Jocelyn Faubert
- Faubert Lab, School of Optometry, University de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada; (R.D.); (J.F.)
| | - J. Eduardo Lugo
- Faubert Lab, School of Optometry, University de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada; (R.D.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-343-6111 (ext. 1685)
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The Enhanced Sensitivity of a Porous Silicon Microcavity Biosensor Based on an Angular Spectrum Using CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19224872. [PMID: 31717344 PMCID: PMC6891354 DOI: 10.3390/s19224872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To improve the detection sensitivity of porous silicon microcavity biosensors, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots are used to label complementary DNA molecules for the refractive index amplification and angular spectrum method for detection. In this method, the TE mode laser is used as the detection light and the light source is changed into a parallel beam by collimating and expanding the beam, which illuminates the PSM surface and receives the reflected light from the PSM surface through the detector. The angle corresponding to the weakest reflected light intensity before and after the biological reaction between probe DNA and complementary DNA of different concentrations labeled by quantum dots was measured by the detector, and the relationship between the angle change before and after the biological reaction and the complementary DNA concentration labeled by quantum dots was obtained. The experimental results show that the angle change increases linearly with increasing complementary DNA concentration. The detection limit of the experiment, as determined by fitting, is approximately 36 pM. The detection limit of this method is approximately 1/300 of that without quantum dot labeling. Our method has a low cost because it does not require the use of a reflectance spectrometer, and it also demonstrates high sensitivity.
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Massad-Ivanir N, Bhunia SK, Jelinek R, Segal E. Porous Silicon Bragg Reflector/Carbon Dot Hybrids: Synthesis, Nanostructure, and Optical Properties. Front Chem 2018; 6:574. [PMID: 30533411 PMCID: PMC6265313 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (C-dots) exhibit unique fluorescence properties, mostly depending upon their physical environments. Here we investigate the optical properties and nanostructure of Carbon dots (C-dots) which are synthesized in situ within different porous Silicon (PSi) Bragg reflectors. The resulting hybrids were characterized by photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopies, as well as by confocal and transmission electron microscopy. We show that by tailoring the location of the PSi Bragg reflector photonic bandgap and its oxidation level, the C-dots emission spectral features can be tuned. Notably, their fluorescence emission can be significantly enhanced when the high reflection band of the PSi host overlaps with the confined C-dots' peak wavelength, and the PSi matrix is thermally oxidized at mild conditions. These phenomena are observed for multiple compositions of PSi Bragg reflectors/C-dots hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Massad-Ivanir
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Susanta Kumar Bhunia
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Arshavsky-Graham S, Massad-Ivanir N, Segal E, Weiss S. Porous Silicon-Based Photonic Biosensors: Current Status and Emerging Applications. Anal Chem 2018; 91:441-467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | - Naama Massad-Ivanir
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Sharon Weiss
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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