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Bartoli M, Piatti E, Tagliaferro A. A Short Review on Nanostructured Carbon Containing Biopolymer Derived Composites for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1567. [PMID: 36987346 PMCID: PMC10056897 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new scaffolds and materials for tissue engineering is a wide and open realm of material science. Among solutions, the use of biopolymers represents a particularly interesting area of study due to their great chemical complexity that enables creation of specific molecular architectures. However, biopolymers do not exhibit the properties required for direct application in tissue repair-such as mechanical and electrical properties-but they do show very attractive chemical functionalities which are difficult to produce through in vitro synthesis. The combination of biopolymers with nanostructured carbon fillers could represent a robust solution to enhance composite properties, producing composites with new and unique features, particularly relating to electronic conduction. In this paper, we provide a review of the field of carbonaceous nanostructure-containing biopolymer composites, limiting our investigation to tissue-engineering applications, and providing a complete overview of the recent and most outstanding achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bartoli
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy;
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Erik Piatti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy;
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
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Ali A, Hasan A, Negi YS. Effect of carbon based fillers on xylan/chitosan/nano-HAp composite matrix for bone tissue engineering application. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 197:1-11. [PMID: 34914910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of our present work is to analyze the effect of carbon derived fillers (GO/RGO) on microstructural, mechanical and osteoinductive potential of xylan/chitosan/HAp composite matrix for bone tissue engineering application. The composites were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM to evaluate the composition and morphological parameters. Change in microstructural and mechanical properties of scaffold was observed on tuning filler type (GO/RGO) and concentration. Composites with GO and RGO content demonstrated significant mineralization potential with dense apatite growth. A comparative evaluation of cell viability using MG-63 cell line revealed improved cell response in samples incorporated with carbon fillers than their native parent matrix. MTT Assay revealed highest cell viability in composite with 0.75% RGO content. Cell attachment was observed in all the scaffold samples cultured for 72 h. The filler incorporated X/C/HAp matrix demonstrated increase in ALP activity over a period of 7 and 14 days. Synergistic effect of these fillers in enhancing in vitro mineralization tendency and osteogenic differentiation capability make the composites a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ali
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, U.P., India
| | - Abshar Hasan
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Yuvraj Singh Negi
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, U.P., India.
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Ali A, Bano S, Poojary S, Chaudhary A, Kumar D, Negi YS. Effect of cellulose nanocrystals on chitosan/PVA/nano β-TCP composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering application. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 33:1-19. [PMID: 34463203 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1973709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The need for an ideal tissue construct has lead to the search of a myriad of polymer composites with desirable properties. The nature, location and type of tissue to be regenerated determines the type of material to be used. A bone construct has its own requirements such as osteoconductivity, mineralization tendency, synchronized degradation rate, osteogenic differentiation potential etc, which results in search of new possible combination of materials aimed to improve tissue response. The present study involves fabrication of Chitosan/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP)/Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) porous composite by freeze drying process to be used as bone tissue engineering matrix. CNCs were isolated by acid hydrolysis of cellulose derived from pistachio shells. The prepared scaffold samples were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-RAY Diffraction analysis (XRD). The scaffolds exhibited refinement in pore morphology and increased mineralization tendency on increasing CNC concentration. Samples with 1% and 5% CNC concentration have deposited apatite crystals with Ca/P ratio of 1.61 and 1.66 which is very close to the stoichiometric ratio of natural bone apatite. Compressive modulus of CS/PVA/β-TCP/CNC composite increased on increasing the CNC concentration to 5%. The highest cell viability was recorded in scaffolds with 5% CNC content. Though cell attachment tendency was observed in all samples but the samples with 5 and 10% CNC content demonstrated higher cell densities with significant calcium depositions when cultured for 72 h. Samples with 5% CNC concentration also possessed highest cell differentiation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ali
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur, UP, India
| | - Saleheen Bano
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur, UP, India
| | - Satish Poojary
- Amity School of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | - Ananya Chaudhary
- Amity School of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Amity School of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | - Yuvraj Singh Negi
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur, UP, India
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Ali A, Bano S, Poojary SS, Priyadarshi R, Choudhary A, Kumar D, Negi YS. Comparative analysis of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles on xylan/chitosan conjugate matrix for wound healing application. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1838519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ali
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saleheen Bano
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satish S. Poojary
- Amity School of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida,Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchir Priyadarshi
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ananya Choudhary
- Amity School of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida,Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Amity School of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida,Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yuvraj Singh Negi
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar SSD, Abrahamse H. Advancement of Nanobiomaterials to Deliver Natural Compounds for Tissue Engineering Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6752. [PMID: 32942542 PMCID: PMC7555266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancement in nanotechnology has provided a wide range of benefits in the biological sciences, especially in the field of tissue engineering and wound healing. Nanotechnology provides an easy process for designing nanocarrier-based biomaterials for the purpose and specific needs of tissue engineering applications. Naturally available medicinal compounds have unique clinical benefits, which can be incorporated into nanobiomaterials and enhance their applications in tissue engineering. The choice of using natural compounds in tissue engineering improves treatment modalities and can deal with side effects associated with synthetic drugs. In this review article, we focus on advances in the use of nanobiomaterials to deliver naturally available medicinal compounds for tissue engineering application, including the types of biomaterials, the potential role of nanocarriers, and the various effects of naturally available medicinal compounds incorporated scaffolds in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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Nie L, Deng Y, Li P, Hou R, Shavandi A, Yang S. Hydroxyethyl Chitosan-Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10948-10957. [PMID: 32455215 PMCID: PMC7241017 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of reinforced scaffolds for bone regeneration remains a significant challenge. The weak mechanical properties of the chitosan (CS)-based composite scaffold hindered its further application in clinic. Here, to obtain hydroxyethyl CS (HECS), some hydrogen bonds of CS were replaced by hydroxyethyl groups. Then, HECS-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nanoparticle hydrogel was fabricated via cycled freeze-thawing followed by an in vitro biomineralization treatment using a cell culture medium. The synthesized hydrogel had an interconnected porous structure with a uniform pore distribution. Compared to the CS/PVA/BCP hydrogel, the HECS/PVA/BCP hydrogels showed a thicker pore wall and had a compressive strength of up to 5-7 MPa. The biomineralized hydrogel possessed a better compressive strength and cytocompatibility compared to the untreated hydrogel, confirmed by CCK-8 analysis and fluorescence images. The modification of CS with hydroxyethyl groups and in vitro biomineralization were sufficient to improve the mechanical properties of the scaffold, and the HECS-reinforced PVA/BCP hydrogel was promising for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Nie
- College
of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Member of Flanders Make, KU Leuven (Catholic University of Leuven), Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Yaling Deng
- College
of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Pei Li
- College
of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College
of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Medical
School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Amin Shavandi
- BioMatter
Unit—École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Shoufeng Yang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Member of Flanders Make, KU Leuven (Catholic University of Leuven), Leuven 3001, Belgium
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