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Immigration transition and gastrointestinal symptoms during menopausal transition: midlife women in the US. Menopause 2022; 29:840-849. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Im EO, Kim G, Choi M, Chee W. Gastrointestinal symptoms in four major racial/ethnic groups of midlife women: race/ethnicity and menopausal status. Menopause 2021; 29:156-163. [PMID: 34873105 PMCID: PMC8795485 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the associations of race/ethnicity and menopausal status to gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms experienced during the menopausal transition while considering multiple factors that could influence the symptoms. METHODS This secondary analysis was conducted with the data from 1,051 women from 2 Internet-based studies on midlife women's health issues. In the original studies, the data were collected using a dozen questions on sociodemographic and health/menopausal factors and the GI Index for Midlife Women. The data were analyzed utilizing ANOVA, multiple logistic regression, and hierarchical linear regression analyses. RESULTS When covariates were controlled, being Non-Hispanic (N-H) Asian was a significant factor that influenced the total numbers of GI symptoms (β = -0.26) and total severity scores of GI symptoms (β = -0.26). When covariates were controlled, premenopausal status was the strongest factor that influenced the total numbers of GI symptoms in all participants, Hispanics, N-H Whites, N-H African Americans, and N-H Asians (β = 53, -0.40, -0.77, -0.76, -0.26, respectively) and the total severity scores of GI symptoms in all participants, Hispanics, N-H Whites, N-H African Americans, and N-H Asians (β = -0.50, -0.38, -0.72, -0.75, -0.25, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the association of race/ethnicity and menopausal status to GI symptoms experienced during the menopausal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ok Im
- School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Gayeong Kim
- School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Miyoung Choi
- School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Nursing, Chungbuk National University
| | - Wonshik Chee
- School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Lipasti M, Jalava-Broman J, Sillanmäki L, Mäkinen J, Rautava P. Climacteric symptoms more severe in 2010 than in 2000 - experience of Finnish women aged 52-56 years not now or previously on menopausal hormone therapy. Maturitas 2021; 154:20-24. [PMID: 34736576 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze and compare the experience of climacteric symptoms and their associations with sociodemographic and health-related characteristics in two cohorts of Finnish women aged 52-56 years, born ten years apart and not now or previously on menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). STUDY DESIGN Nationwide population-based time-trend study with a large number of participants (n = 1986 + 1988). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The experience of climacteric symptoms was assessed by 12 commonly used menopause-related symptoms. RESULTS Women aged 52-56 experienced more moderate or severe symptoms and fewer mild symptoms in 2010 than in 2000. Being unemployed or inactive was associated with more severe symptoms (P = 0.007), but employment status had no effect on the relative odds estimates. CONCLUSIONS The influence of the birth cohort and time-period effects as well as work-related factors on the experience of climacteric symptoms in women not now or previously on MHT needs further research, particularly since the change in the experience of symptoms found in this study occurred within only ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Lipasti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Lauri Sillanmäki
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Research Services, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Mäkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Rautava
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Research Services, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Prevalence and severity of menopause symptoms among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women aged 30-49 years in Gulele sub-city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2017; 17:124. [PMID: 29216870 PMCID: PMC5721600 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Menopause is a natural phenomenon occurring as women approach middle-age. It is characterized by declining of ovarian function and onset of the last menstrual period and subsequent 12-month cessation of menstruation. Due to a growing aging population and longer life expectancies, sub-Saharan African women will spend a significant portion of their lives in postmenopause. Menopausal symptom research has been primarily conducted on Caucasian women from high-income countries. Understanding menopause symptom prevalence and perceptions among diverse women in Ethiopia will better inform reproductive health care. Methods We conducted a multi-stage, cross-sectional study on 226 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women aged 30-49 years in Gulele sub-city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, menopausal status and an 11-item Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Statistical analyses consisted of descriptive data and chi-squared analyses. Results Study participants were 40.4 ± 5.9 years, on average, with the majority married, educated at secondary school level, and comprised different ethnicities and wealth tertiles. The most prevalent types of menopausal symptoms reported from the MRS were from somatic subscale (65.9%) while psychological (46.0%) and urogenital subscale symptoms (30.5%) were also prevalent. The most commonly reported individual symptoms were: hot flushes (65.9% (95% CI: 59.4%–72.1%)), difficulty falling asleep (49.6% (95% CI: 42.9%-56.3%)), depressive mood (46.0% (95% CI: 39.4%-52.8%)), irritability (45.1% (95% CI: 38.5%-51.9%)), and anxiety (39.8% (95% CI: 33.4%-46.5%)). Each of the somatic, psychological, and urogenital MRS subscale scores were higher among postmenopausal women compared to perimenopausal women. Women self-reported differing severity levels of symptoms with high severity reported in 8.4% of total MRS, 1.3% of somatic, 10.6% of psychological, and 8.4% of urogenital scales. Conclusions Our study provides the first presentation of menopausal symptoms among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in the Gulele sub-city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We capture the prevalence of menopausal symptoms experienced as well as self-rated severity through the MRS. Our findings reflect menopausal symptoms in our specific study population and have been found to be consistent with previous international research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12905-017-0484-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Rindner L, Strömme G, Nordeman L, Wigren M, Hange D, Gunnarsson R, Rembeck G. Prevalence of somatic and urogenital symptoms as well as psychological health in women aged 45 to 55 attending primary health care: a cross-sectional study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2017; 17:128. [PMID: 29221473 PMCID: PMC5723029 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's physical and mental ill-health such as stress-related symptoms, depression, pain, hypertension and urogenital health shows a marked increase around the ages 45-55 years. These women are an important group for Primary Health Care (PHC) due to their prevalent symptoms and illnesses. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms in women aged 45-55 attending PHC and evaluate factors associated with severe symptoms. METHODS One hundred and thirty-one women were recruited from PHC in southwestern Sweden. Data were obtained from two self-reported questionnaires, the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS Exhaustion, depressive mood, muscle and joint problems, sleep and sexual problems were the most prevalent reported symptoms. Half of the women reported heart discomfort. Depression and increasing age were correlated to more severe symptoms. CONCLUSION We recommend that cardiovascular risk factors, musculoskeletal symptoms, sexual problems, sleeping problems and mental health should be actively asked for when women aged 45 to 55 attend PHC. We propose that preventive counselling of women in PHC before the age 45 should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Rindner
- Närhälsan, Skene Health Care Center, Varbergsvägen 80, SE-511 81, Skene, Sweden. .,Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden. .,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gunilla Strömme
- Närhälsan Svenljunga Antenatal Clinic, Svenljunga, Sweden.,Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Lena Nordeman
- Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden.,Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience, Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Wigren
- Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Dominique Hange
- Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden.,Närhälsan, Svenljunga Health Care Center, Svenljunga, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ronny Gunnarsson
- Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,General Practice and Rural Medicine, Cairns Clinical School, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Gun Rembeck
- Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Närhälsan Borås Adolescent Health Centre, Kvarngatan 4, 50336, Borås, Sweden
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Quality of life and its determinants in postmenopausal women: a population-based study. Appl Nurs Res 2016; 30:252-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ghorbani R, Nassaji M, Shahbazi A, Rostami B, Taheri M. Association between quality of life, menopausal status, and sociodemographic factors among middle-aged women in Iran. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2015; 90:166-170. [PMID: 26854898 DOI: 10.1097/01.epx.0000475545.75242.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment of overall health, well-being, and quality of life (QoL) during middle age and menopause deserves special attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of menopausal status and some sociodemographic variables on QoL among middle-aged women in Semnan, Iran. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2012 in Semnan, Iran. The participants included 770 women aged 45-60 years. The data were collected by interview using a structured questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics, data on menopausal status, and QoL measurement using the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire. RESULTS The mean±SD age of the women was 50.9±4.7 years. The overall unadjusted mean scores obtained for each domain were as follows: vasomotor: 1.83±1.86; psychosocial: 1.62±1.41; physical: 1.98±1.28; and sexual: 1.63±1.87. Logistic regression analysis showed that menopausal status was significantly associated with QoL in all domains, except the psychosocial domain. Age, BMI, household income, and number of children were significantly associated with impairment in QoL. Marital status, educational level, and residential area did not show any association with QoL in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Our findings confirm previous literature on the negative impact of menopausal symptoms on QoL, and show the interaction of some sociodemographic characteristics including age, number of children, household income, and BMI, on QoL. Health professionals should ensure that they consider a range of factors in middle-aged women's lives and provide insight into possible treatment strategies and lifestyle interventions for improving QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheb Ghorbani
- Departments of aBiostatistics bSocial Determinants of Health Research Center cDepartment of Social Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences dSemnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have examined the relationship between physical activity and sleep among women with vasomotor symptoms. We examined the associations of habitual leisure time and household physical activity with sleep characteristics among women reporting vasomotor symptoms. METHODS A subcohort of women (N = 52: white, 27; African American, 25) in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation was assessed for self-reported and actigraphic sleep measurements for four nights. Women were between 54 and 63 years, were currently experiencing vasomotor symptoms, and were not taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or hormone therapy. The associations between physical activity (leisure time and household) and sleep (diary, actigraphy, and global sleep quality), as well as interactions by race and body mass index, were assessed using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Greater leisure time physical activity was associated with higher odds of rating global sleep quality as good (OR, 8.08, 95% CI, 1.5, 44.5, P = 0.02). Greater household physical activity was associated with more favorable diary-reported sleep characteristics, including fewer awakenings during the night (B = -0.14, SE = 0.06, P = 0.01). Exploratory analyses suggest that household physical activity was associated with more favorable sleep characteristics primarily among white and nonobese women. CONCLUSIONS Greater levels of habitual physical activity, particularly non-leisure time physical activity, are associated with more favorable sleep characteristics. Considering the potential impact of physical activity on sleep, even at the relatively modest levels characteristic of household physical activity, may be important for women with vasomotor symptoms, a subgroup at high risk for sleep problems.
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Tan MN, Kartal M, Guldal D. The effect of physical activity and body mass index on menopausal symptoms in Turkish women: a cross-sectional study in primary care. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:38. [PMID: 24602392 PMCID: PMC3973860 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Considering the fact that, due to recent evidence, many women no longer prefer hormone replacement therapy, it is especially important to develop intervention options to alleviate menopausal symptoms. Although there is conflicting evidence concerning effectiveness, there is an indication that physical activity and weight control may be useful for alleviating symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity and body mass index on menopausal symptoms among menopausal women in Turkey. Methods 305 women between the ages of 45 and 60 who visited the health center for various reasons were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Menopausal women, who visited one of five family physicians working in the same area, were included in the analyses. The Menopause Rating Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a generic medical and socio-demographic information questionnaire were used. Results Women who were physically active had lower total menopausal (p < 0.001), somato-vegetative (p = 0.004), psychological (p = 0.002), and urogenital (p < 0.001) symptom scores than women who were less active. No differences in vasomotor symptoms were recorded related to physical activity level; significant differences were found for most menopausal symptoms, including sleep (p = 0.009) and sexual (p = 0.043) problems, joint and muscular discomfort (p < 0.001) and vaginal dryness (p = 0.016). BMI was not associated with total menopausal symptoms and with the subscales, excluding depressive mood (p = 0.009). A significant increasing trend in the rate of depressive mood was observed from normal through overweight to obese participants. The mean scores of the total menopausal symptoms were lower among the participants who were well educated, currently working and without chronic diseases. Conclusions Physical activity may play an important role in alleviating menopausal symptoms. As part of preventive medicine, primary care physicians should also stress lifestyle changes, including physical activity, to manage menopausal symptoms.
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Kline CE, Irish LA, Krafty RT, Sternfeld B, Kravitz HM, Buysse DJ, Bromberger JT, Dugan SA, Hall MH. Consistently high sports/exercise activity is associated with better sleep quality, continuity and depth in midlife women: the SWAN sleep study. Sleep 2013; 36:1279-88. [PMID: 23997360 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine relationships between different physical activity (PA) domains and sleep, and the influence of consistent PA on sleep, in midlife women. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Community-based. PARTICIPANTS 339 women in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Sleep Study (52.1 ± 2.1 y). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sleep was examined using questionnaires, diaries and in-home polysomnography (PSG). PA was assessed in three domains (Active Living, Household/Caregiving, Sports/Exercise) using the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS) up to 4 times over 6 years preceding the sleep assessments. The association between recent PA and sleep was evaluated using KPAS scores immediately preceding the sleep assessments. The association between the historical PA pattern and sleep was examined by categorizing PA in each KPAS domain according to its pattern over the 6 years preceding sleep assessments (consistently low, inconsistent/consistently moderate, or consistently high). Greater recent Sports/Exercise activity was associated with better sleep quality (diary "restedness" [P < 0.01]), greater sleep continuity (diary sleep efficiency [SE; P = 0.02]) and depth (higher NREM delta electroencephalographic [EEG] power [P = 0.04], lower NREM beta EEG power [P < 0.05]), and lower odds of insomnia diagnosis (P < 0.05). Consistently high Sports/Exercise activity was also associated with better Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores (P = 0.02) and higher PSG-assessed SE (P < 0.01). Few associations between sleep and Active Living or Household/Caregiving activity (either recent or historical pattern) were noted. CONCLUSION Consistently high levels of recreational physical activity, but not lifestyle- or household-related activity, are associated with better sleep in midlife women. Increasing recreational physical activity early in midlife may protect against sleep disturbance in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Kline
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Effects of a dietary intervention and weight change on vasomotor symptoms in the Women's Health Initiative. Menopause 2013; 19:980-8. [PMID: 22781782 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31824f606e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether a dietary intervention designed to reduce fat intake and increase intake of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains, and weight loss, reduces vasomotor symptoms (VMS; ie, hot flashes or night sweats) in postmenopausal women. METHODS We included 17,473 postmenopausal US women, ages 50 to 79 years, at baseline who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification trial and were not taking menopausal hormone therapy. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations. RESULTS In multivariate-adjusted analyses, with simultaneous adjustment for the intervention and weight change, assignment to the dietary intervention versus the control arm was significantly (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28) related to a higher likelihood of symptom elimination among women with VMS at baseline. In addition, women with symptoms at baseline who lost 10 lb or more (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05-1.46) or lost 10% or more of their baseline body weight (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.21-2.02) between baseline and year 1 were significantly more likely to eliminate VMS compared with those who maintained weight. Upon examining the joint effect of the dietary modification and weight loss, compared with women in the control arm who maintained weight, women who lost substantial weight (≥ 10%) as a part of the intervention (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.39-2.57) but not as part of the control arm (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.92-2.13) were significantly more likely to end VMS, although these two groups did not differ significantly from each other. Large weight loss (>22 lb), but not dietary changes, was related to the elimination of moderate/severe VMS. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss as part of a healthy dietary modification may help eliminate VMS among postmenopausal women.
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Prevalence and Severity of Menopausal Symptoms and Related Factors Among Women 40-60 Years in Kashan, Iran. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2012. [DOI: 10.5812/nms.8358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Quality of life in a large cohort of mid-aged Colombian women assessed using the Cervantes Scale. Menopause 2012; 19:924-30. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318247908d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Som N, Ray S. Menopause-specific quality of life of urban women in West Bengal, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:99-105. [PMID: 22761352 DOI: 10.1258/mi.2012.011107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out the association of menopause-specific quality of life of women with both working status and duration of postmenopausal years. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study on 250 postmenopausal women belonging to Bengali-speaking Hindu ethnic group, aged 47-62 years in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The participants were literate, living in wedlock with at least one surviving child, attained natural menopause at least two years ago and have never taken hormone replacement treatment. Menopause-specific quality of life was measured using a self-administered standard questionnaire (Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire, or MENQOL). MENQOL consisted of 29 menopausal symptoms (items) that are grouped under four domains. Additional information on sociodemographic aspect and reproductive history of the participants were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Main outcome measures Both bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that menopause-specific quality of life decreases with the increase in duration of postmenopausal years. Although bivariate analysis demonstrated that working women had a better menopause-specific quality of life than their non-working counterpart, multivariate linear regression model did not corroborate to this finding. CONCLUSION Duration of postmenopausal years had a significant association with menopause-specific quality of life of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Som
- Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India.
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Butts SF, Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Queen K, Lin H, Rebbeck TR. Joint effects of smoking and gene variants involved in sex steroid metabolism on hot flashes in late reproductive-age women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E1032-42. [PMID: 22466345 PMCID: PMC3387409 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although smoking has a known association with hot flashes, the factors distinguishing smokers at greatest risk for menopausal symptoms have not been well delineated. Recent evidence supports a relationship between menopausal symptoms and variants in several genes encoding enzymes that metabolize substrates such as sex steriods, xenobiotics, and catechols. It is currently not known whether the impact of smoking on hot flashes is modified by the presence of such variants. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between smoking and hot flash occurrence as a function of genetic variation in sex steroid-metabolizing enzymes. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of data from the Penn Ovarian Aging study, an ongoing population-based cohort of late reproductive-aged women, was performed. Smoking behavior was characterized. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in five genes were investigated: COMT Val158Met (rs4680), CYP1A2*1F (rs762551), CYP1B1*4 (Asn452Ser, rs1800440), CYP1B1*3 (Leu432Val, rs1056836), and CYP3A4*1B (rs2740574). RESULTS Compared with nonsmokers, European-American COMT Val158Met double-variant carriers who smoked had increased odds of hot flashes [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-28.78)]; European-American COMT Val158Met double-variant carriers who smoked heavily had more frequent moderate or severe hot flashes than nonsmokers (AOR 13.7, 95% CI 1.2-154.9). European-American CYP 1B1*3 double-variant carriers who smoked described more frequent moderate or severe hot flashes than nonsmoking (AOR 20.6, 95% CI 1.64-257.93) and never-smoking (AOR 20.59, 95% CI 1.39-304.68) carriers, respectively. African-American single-variant CYP 1A2 carriers who smoked were more likely to report hot flashes than the nonsmoking carriers (AOR 6.16, 95% CI 1.11-33.91). CONCLUSION This is the first report demonstrating the effects of smoking within the strata of gene variants involved in sex steroid metabolism on hot flashes in late reproductive-age women. The identification of individuals with a genetic susceptibility to smoking-related menopausal symptoms could contribute to interventions targeted at reducing reproductive morbidity both in the menopause and across the reproductive life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha F Butts
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3701 Market Street, Suite 800, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Oh K, Jung KY, Choi JY, Seo WK, Park KW. Headaches in Middle-Aged Women during Menopausal Transition: A Headache Clinic-Based Study. Eur Neurol 2012; 68:79-83. [DOI: 10.1159/000336838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gjelsvik B, Rosvold EO, Straand J, Dalen I, Hunskaar S. Symptom prevalence during menopause and factors associated with symptoms and menopausal age. Results from the Norwegian Hordaland Women's Cohort study. Maturitas 2011; 70:383-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Abedzadeh Kalarhoudi M, Taebi M, Sadat Z, Saberi F. Assessment of quality of life in menopausal periods: a population study in kashan, iran. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 13:811-7. [PMID: 22737420 PMCID: PMC3371893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause is a physiological process in women's life. The aim of this study was to assess QOL and related factors among menopausal women in Kashan city in Iran. METHODS Seven hundred women aged 40-60 years were assessed using cluster sampling. Women with mental and physical problems or systemic diseases were excluded. Data were collected by standard questionnaire of quality of life in the menopause. RESULTS The mean menopausal age was 47.6±4.1 years. 55.6% of women had been postmenopausal for less than 5 years. The overall mean scores obtained for each domain was 2.82±1.64 for vasomotor, 2.71±1.2 for psychosocial, 2.46±0.99 for physical and 2.89±1.73 for sexual domains. CONCLUSION Age, working status, physical activity, educational level, duration of menopause, income satisfaction, marriage satisfaction and the number of children in those living with family had influence on quality of life in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Taebi
- Department of Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Z Sadat
- Department of Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - F Saberi
- Department of Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Correspondence: Farzaneh Saberi, MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Tel.: +98-361-5550021-6, Fax: +98-361-5556633, E-mail:
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de Azevedo Guimarães AC, Baptista F. Influence of habitual physical activity on the symptoms of climacterium/menopause and the quality of life of middle-aged women. Int J Womens Health 2011; 3:319-28. [PMID: 22114524 PMCID: PMC3220314 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the influence of the duration of habitual physical activity (PA) on the symptoms of climacterium/menopause and on several domains of the health-related quality of life (QOL) in middle-aged women. METHODS One hundred and four 45- to 59-year-old women were placed into three groups: group A, subjects who maintained PA less than 30 minutes/day; group B, subjects who maintained or began to perform PA 30-60 minutes/day; and group C, subjects who maintained or increased PA to more than 60 minutes/day. Symptoms of menopause, QOL (physical, psychological, and social), and PA were assessed through the Kupperman Menopausal Index, World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version questionnaire, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) results, adjusted for age, initial body mass index, schooling years, hormonal replacement therapy, and the number of diseases, indicated that the women who maintained or increased their total habitual PA to more than 60 minutes/day had reduced symptoms of climacterium/menopause (-5.4 ± 0.5; P = 0.001) and improved QOL in the psychological (4.4% ± 0.8%; P = 0.001) and social domains (2.0% ± 0.9%; P = 0.035). ANCOVA revealed a further improvement of approximately 5% in the psychological domain of QOL in group C, who also experienced decreased menopause symptoms (P = 0.001) and lost weight (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION The habitual practice of at least moderate-intensity PA for 60 minutes/day has a favorable effect on climacterium/menopause symptoms and on QOL, particularly on its psychological and social domains. The influence of habitual PA at the psychological level seems to be at least partially associated with a decrease in menopause symptoms and/or weight loss.
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Hunter MS, Mann E. A cognitive model of menopausal hot flushes and night sweats. J Psychosom Res 2010; 69:491-501. [PMID: 20955869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hot flushes and night sweats (HF/NS) are commonly experienced by mid-aged women during the menopause transition. They affect approximately 70% of women but are regarded as problematic for 15-20% largely due to physical discomfort, distress, social embarrassment, and sleep disturbance. There is a need for effective and acceptable nonmedical treatments for menopausal symptoms due to the declining use of hormone therapy (HT) following publication of the Women's Health Initiative and other prospective studies which associated HT use with increased risk of stroke and breast cancer. HF/NS are an example of a physiological process embedded within, and moderated by, psychological processes, as evidenced by discrepancies between subjective experiences and physiologically measured symptoms. We describe a cognitive model of menopausal hot flushes that can explain symptom perception, cognitive appraisal, and behavioral reactions to symptoms. Theoretically, the model draws on symptom perception theory, self-regulation theory, and cognitive behavioral theories. The model can be used to identify the variables to target in psychological interventions for HF/NS and to aid understanding of possible mediating factors. As part of Phase II intervention development, we describe a cognitive behavioral treatment which links the bio-psycho-social processes specified in the model to components of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra S Hunter
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry at Guy's, King's College London, London, UK.
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Fernández-Alonso AM, Cuadros JL, Chedraui P, Mendoza M, Cuadros ÁM, Pérez-López FR. Obesity is Related to Increased Menopausal Symptoms among Spanish Women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 16:105-10. [DOI: 10.1258/mi.2010.010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To assess the metabolic syndrome (METS) and its components in postmenopausal women using updated diagnostic criteria and explore their relation to menopausal symptom severity. Method. Medical records of the first visit of 574 postmenopausal Caucasian Spanish women attending a menopause clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Recorded information included general demographic data, type of menopause, menopausal symptom intensity (Kupperman index) and baseline hormonal and metabolic parameters. METS was established if three or more of the following criteria were met: body mass index (BMI) >28.8 kg/m2, fasting glycaemia >100 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <50 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL and blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg. Results Mean ± SD age of the whole cohort was 49.9 ± 6.1 years, 66% had natural menopause and 38.9% were obese. In all, 23.1% met diagnostic criteria for METS who were significantly older and displayed higher rates of being married, obesity and abnormal glucose, triglyceride, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure values, when compared with those without the syndrome. The mean Kupperman index score for the whole sample was 26.4 ± 10.6, with 73.8% displaying moderate to severe scores (20 or more). Logistic regression analysis determined that obesity and marriage status were independent risk factors related to more severe menopausal symptoms (Kupperman index scores of 20 or more). Conclusion. Although METS was observed in a lower frequency than previous reports, obesity was associated with more severe menopausal symptoms among postmenopausal Spanish women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Fernández-Alonso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José l Cuadros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cató lica de Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Marcela Mendoza
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cató lica de Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Ángela M Cuadros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Faustino R Pérez-López
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Zaragoza Hospital Clínico, Zaragoza, Spain
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Fallahzadeh H. Quality of life after the menopause in Iran: a population study. Qual Life Res 2010; 19:813-9. [PMID: 20358299 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-010-9644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quality of life (QoL) decreases after the menopause as it has been assessed by several designed tools. The aim of the present research was to assess QoL and determine factors related to its impairment among postmenopausal Iranian women. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted through cluster sampling among 480 postmenopausal women in Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran, in 2008. Data were collected using the menopause quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL) by interviewing. Content validity and Cronbach's alpha were used, respectively, to ensure the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. Inferential and descriptive statistics via SPSS.15 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the menopausal women have worse QoL scores in vasomotor dimension and higher QoL scores in physical dimension. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the MENQOL scores by age, number of children, education, postmenopausal stage, employment status, and BMI. Women aged 60-65 (P < 0.05), with a university level of education (P < 0.01), who had employment (P < 0.01), who had postmenopausal stage 5 or more years (P < 0.05), with a body mass index <or=18.5 kg m(-2) (P < 0.05), and who had significantly lower scores indicating better quality of life. Logistic regression determined that vasomotor score decreased with age. Employment and number of children decreased the risk of having psychosocial scores above the median. Postmenopausal stage >or=5 increased the risk for higher scores within the sexual domain, respectively. CONCLUSION Menopause causes a decrease in quality of life, which is dependent to work and other socio-demographic variables. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective intervention programs to improve quality of life after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossien Fallahzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Chedraui P, Pérez-López FR, Mendoza M, Leimberg ML, Martinez MA, Vallarino V, Hidalgo L. Assessment of self-esteem in mid-aged women. Maturitas 2010; 66:77-82. [PMID: 20137871 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess self-esteem and affecting factors in a middle-aged Ecuadorian female population using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study in which 149 women (40-59 years) were requested to fill out the RSES and a general socio-demographic form containing personal and partner data. RESULTS Mean age of sample was 47.6+/-5.5 years, a 67.8% had less than 12 years of schooling and 33.6% were postmenopausal. At the moment of the survey 2.7% were on hormone therapy, and 2% were taking psychotropic drugs. Mean total RSES score was 26.6+/-3.1 (median 26, range 17-35). A 35.6% and 18.1% of women respectively presented total RSES scores below 26 (median) and 25 (25th percentile) suggesting lower self-esteem. Total scores did not differ when comparing older age, menopausal phases or time since the menopause. Logistic regression analysis determined that women with lower parity and an unhealthy partner were related to lower total RSES scores (below the 25th percentile) suggesting lower self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS In this mid-aged series lower self-esteem was not related to the aging process per se yet to socio-demographic female/male aspects. More research is needed in this regard that incorporates other sociological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chedraui
- Academic and Research Department, Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
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Fournier A, Weiderpass E. Characteristics and recent evolution of menopausal hormone therapy use in a cohort of Swedish women. Climacteric 2010; 12:410-8. [PMID: 19415542 DOI: 10.1080/13697130802716056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use is characterized by important geographical and temporal variations. Knowledge of these variations is necessary to interpret the results of epidemiological studies on MHT use and disease risk, and can contribute to the understanding of national changes in disease incidence. METHODS We used data from a cohort study of women with information on lifetime MHT use collected in 2003-2004 to describe the characteristics and recent evolution of MHT consumption in Sweden. RESULTS Among the 17 450 postmenopausal participants, prevalence of use declined by approximately 30% between 2001 and 2003. MHT was almost no longer used to prevent osteoporosis, and worry about side-effects was often cited as a reason for stopping treatment. MHT mostly consisted of estradiol used alone or opposed with either norethisterone acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate, or in low-potency estrogens. An estimated 30% of participants initiated MHT before menopause. The cumulative monthly dose of progestogen was generally doubled in continuous combined compared with sequential combinations. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, both prevalence of use and reasons for initiating MHT have varied between 2001 and 2003, while the modalities of use remained essentially the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fournier
- Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale, ERI 20, Villejuif, France
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The women's health in the Lund area (WHILA) study--an overview. Maturitas 2009; 65:37-45. [PMID: 19962255 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) study invited all women (n=10,766) living in the Lund area of Southern Sweden by 1995, who were born between 1935 and 1945. The health screening program included a postal validated questionnaire concerning medical history, drug treatment, family history of diabetes and hypertension, menopausal status, smoking and alcohol habits, education, household, and working status, physical activity, quality of life as well as subjective physical and mental symptoms. The screening consisted of a routine physical examination with standardized blood pressure measurements, bone densitometry and an extended laboratory examination. A link with the mammography registry was established. Based on menopausal status, the population was divided in three subgroups; premenopausal (PM), postmenopausal with hormone replacement therapy (PMT), and postmenopausal without hormone replacement therapy (PM0). Menopause was defined as a bleed-free interval of at least 12 months. Of 10,766 women, 6917 (64.2%) had complete data sets. A number of observational analyses were carried out based on the screening data at baseline, to be followed by long-term follow-up analyses based on national register linkages that are currently being started.
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McLean SA, Kirsch NL, Tan-Schriner CU, Sen A, Frederiksen S, Harris RE, Maixner W, Maio RF. Health status, not head injury, predicts concussion symptoms after minor injury. Am J Emerg Med 2009; 27:182-90. [PMID: 19371526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2008.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postconcussion (PC) syndrome etiology remains poorly understood. We sought to examine predictors of persistent PC symptoms after minor injury. METHODS Health status, symptom, and injury information were obtained on a sample of patients presenting to the emergency department after minor injury. Postconcussion and cognitive symptoms were assessed at 1, 3, and 12 months. RESULTS Among 507 patients enrolled, 339 had head injury. Repeated-measures logistic regression modeling of PC and cognitive symptom presence across time indicated that baseline mental health status and physical health status were most predictive of persistent symptoms. In contrast, head injury presence did not predict persistent PC syndrome. DISCUSSION Baseline mental health status and physical health status were associated with persistent PC syndrome after minor injury, but head injury status was not. Further studies of PC syndrome pathogenesis are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A McLean
- Department of Emergency Medicine and the TRYUMPH Research Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7455, USA.
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Menopause-specific questionnaire assessment in US population-based study shows negative impact on health-related quality of life. Maturitas 2009; 62:153-9. [PMID: 19157732 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nomura K, Nakao M, Sato M, Ishikawa H, Yano E. The Association of the Reporting of Somatic Symptoms with Job Stress and Active Coping among Japanese White‐collar Workers. J Occup Health 2007; 49:370-5. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.49.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Hygiene and Public HealthTeikyo University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Mutsuhiro Nakao
- Department of Hygiene and Public HealthTeikyo University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Mikiya Sato
- Department of Hygiene and Public HealthTeikyo University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Hirono Ishikawa
- Department of Hygiene and Public HealthTeikyo University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Eiji Yano
- Department of Hygiene and Public HealthTeikyo University School of MedicineJapan
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Shakir YA, Samsioe G, Khatibi E A, Nyberg P, Lidfeldt J, Agardh CD, Nerbrand C. Health Hazards in Middle-Aged Women with Cardiovascular Disease: A Case-Control Study of Swedish Women. The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2007; 16:406-14. [PMID: 17439385 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2006.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate the health profile in middle-aged women with cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) project covered all women born 1935-1945 (n = 10,766) living in the Lund area; 6917 (64.2%) women completed a generic questionnaire and underwent physical and laboratory assessments. Of the 6917 women, 6416 were postmenopausal women, of whom 104 had CVD. For each woman with CVD, two controls were selected and matched for age, smoking habits, body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density liproprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), diastolic blood pressure and hormonal status. RESULTS One hundred four women (1.6%) reported CVD. Forty-nine had a myocardial infarction (MI), 49 had a stroke, and 6 women had both events; 71.4% were postmenopausal, with never use of hormone therapy (HT) (PM0), and 28.6% were postmenopausal with ever use of HT (PMT). Compared with the control group, serum androstendione was lower (p = 0.004) in the case group, and menopausal estradiol (E(2)) values were less frequent (p = 0.037) in cases from the PM0 group. Among psychological and somatic symptoms, nervousness (p < 0.05), difficulty relaxing, crying easily, visual disturbance (p </= 0.01 for all), dizziness, difficulties in voiding urine, shortness of breath, breast tenderness, and constipation (p </= 0.001 for all) were more common among women with CVD. Women with CVD expressed less satisfaction with feeling healthy, body image, memory loss, irritability, and sexuality (p </= 0.05 for all). The case group had more problems with daily activities, more days spent in hospital during the previous 5 years, and more regular medical appointments with healthcare centers, more often had diabetes mellitus (DM) (p < 0.001 for all), and had experienced more falls in the previous year (p < 0.05). Urinary incontinence and decreased body weight were more common among cases (p </= 0.01 for both). CONCLUSION Several health hazards as well as somatic and psychological symptoms were more common in subjects with CVD, rendering them more susceptible to future disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasameen A Shakir
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Koundi KL, Christodoulakos GE, Lambrinoudaki IV, Zervas IM, Spyropoulou A, Fexi P, Sakkas PN, Soldatos CR, Creatsas GC. Quality of life and psychological symptoms in Greek postmenopausal women: association with hormone therapy. Gynecol Endocrinol 2006; 22:660-8. [PMID: 17162707 DOI: 10.1080/09513590601010557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) in menopause is influenced by many parameters, including vasomotor symptoms, psychological status and culture. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of hormone therapy (HT) with QoL and psychological symptoms in Greek postmenopausal women. The study assessed 216 postmenopausal women (mean age 54.5 years) attending a university menopause clinic in Greece. Fifty-three were users of HT and 163 were not. QoL was evaluated by the Utian Quality of Life Scale (UQOL) and psychological symptoms were assessed by the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R). Women on HT were younger and more educated than women not using HT. Adjusting the analysis for the women's characteristics, HT users had better total UQOL scores than non-users (p < 0.05). Marital status and education had independent effects on QoL, with married and more educated women scoring higher (p < 0.05). Assessment of psychological symptomatology, after adjustment for sociodemographic variables across the different dimensions, revealed that HT users had better SCL-90-R scores than non-users for obsessionality, interpersonal sensitivity and for the general index (p < 0.05). Concluding, even though the impact of sociodemographic and lifestyle variables must be factored into the assessment of QoL, HT use is independently related to an improvement in the total score and in most domains of QoL, and has a significant positive effect on many aspects of psychological well-being in Greek postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi L Koundi
- Athens University Medical School, Women's Mental Health Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
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