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Ettienne EB, Grant-Kels JM, Striano P, Russo E, Neubauer D, Rose K. Pharmacogenomics and pediatric drug development: science and political power. A narrative review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39268964 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2401429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacogenomics (PGx) investigates how genomes control enzyme expression. Developmental pharmacology (DP) describes the temporal sequence of enzymes impacting absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of food and drugs. AREAS COVERED US and European Union (EU) legislation facilitate and/or enforce pediatric studies for all new drugs, called overall 'pediatric drug development' (PDD). DP and PDD look at patients' chronological age, but oscillate between legal and physiological meanings of the term 'child.' Children's bodies become mature with puberty. EXPERT OPINION Decades after first DP observations in babies, PGx offers a better understanding of the variability of safety and efficacy of drugs, of the process of aging, and of shifting enzyme patterns across aging. We should rethink and revise outdated interpretations of ADME changes in minors. The Declaration of Helsinki forbids pointless studies that some pediatric researchers and regulatory agencies, more so the EMA than the FDA, demand pointless pediatric studies is regrettable. Medicine needs to differentiate between legal and physiological meanings of the term 'child' and should use objective measures of maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Dermatology, Pathology, and Pediatric Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
| | | | - Emilio Russo
- Pharmacology, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - David Neubauer
- Department of Child, Adolescent & Developmental Neurology, University Childrens' Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klaus Rose
- klausrose Consulting, Riehen, Switzerland
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2
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Hossain MK, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Aging phenotype in AD brain organoids: Track to success and challenges. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102256. [PMID: 38460555 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a complex challenge, with abnormal protein accumulation in the brain causing memory loss and cognitive decline. Traditional models fall short in AD research, prompting interest in 3D brain organoids (BOs) from human stem cells. These findings hold promise for unveiling the mechanisms of AD, especially in relation to aging. However, an understanding of the aging impact of AD remains elusive. BOs offer insight but face challenges. This review delves into the role of BOs in deciphering aging-related AD and acknowledges limitations. Strategies to enhance BOs for accurate aging modeling in AD brains are suggested. Strengthened by molecular advancements, BOs have the potential to uncover the aging phenotype, advancing AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Jung Chae
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Jin S, Wang Y, Wu X, Li Z, Zhu L, Niu Y, Zhou Y, Liu Y. Young Exosome Bio-Nanoparticles Restore Aging-Impaired Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cell Function and Reparative Capacity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211602. [PMID: 36779444 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging impairs tendon stem/progenitor cell function and tendon homeostasis, however, effective treatments for aging-induced tendon diseases are lacking. Exosomes are naturally derived nanoparticles that contain bioactive molecules, and therefore, have attracted great interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, it is shown that young exosomes secreted by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-Exos) possess abundant anti-aging signals. These young bio-nanoparticles can alleviate the aging phenotypes of aged tendon stem/progenitor cells (AT-SCs) and maintain their tenogenic capacity. Mechanistically, SHED-Exos modulate histone methylation and inhibit nuclear factor-κB to reverse AT-SC aging. In a naturally aging mouse model, systemic administration of SHED-Exo bio-nanoparticles retards tendon degeneration. Interestingly, local delivery of SHED-Exos-loaded microspheres confers anti-aging phenotypes, including reduced senescent cells and decreased ectopic bone formation, thereby functionally and structurally rescuing endogenous tendon regeneration and repair capacity in aged rats. Overall, SHED-Exos, as natural bioactive nanoparticles, have promising translational and therapeutic potential for aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jin
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Wu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Li
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lisha Zhu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Niu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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4
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Pamplona R, Jové M, Gómez J, Barja G. Whole organism aging: Parabiosis, inflammaging, epigenetics, and peripheral and central aging clocks. The ARS of aging. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112137. [PMID: 36871903 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The strong interest shown in the study of the causes of aging in recent decades has uncovered many mechanisms that could contribute to the rate of aging. These include mitochondrial ROS production, DNA modification and repair, lipid peroxidation-induced membrane fatty acid unsaturation, autophagy, telomere shortening rate, apoptosis, proteostasis, senescent cells, and most likely there are many others waiting to be discovered. However, all these well-known mechanisms work only or mainly at the cellular level. Although it is known that organs within a single individual do not age at exactly the same rate, there is a well-defined species longevity. Therefore, loose coordination of aging rate among the different cells and tissues is needed to ensure species lifespan. In this article we focus on less known extracellular, systemic, and whole organism level mechanisms that could loosely coordinate aging of the whole individual to keep it within the margins of its species longevity. We discuss heterochronic parabiosis experiments, systemic factors distributed through the vascular system like DAMPs, mitochondrial DNA and its fragments, TF-like vascular proteins, and inflammaging, as well as epigenetic and proposed aging clocks situated at different levels of organization from individual cells to the brain. These interorgan systems can help to determine species longevity as a further adaptation to the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), E25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), E25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - José Gómez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, E28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Barja
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), E28040 Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Ji S, Xiong M, Chen H, Liu Y, Zhou L, Hong Y, Wang M, Wang C, Fu X, Sun X. Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:116. [PMID: 36918530 PMCID: PMC10015098 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is a systemic decline from cellular dysfunction to organ degeneration, with more predisposition to deteriorated disorders. Rejuvenation refers to giving aged cells or organisms more youthful characteristics through various techniques, such as cellular reprogramming and epigenetic regulation. The great leaps in cellular rejuvenation prove that ageing is not a one-way street, and many rejuvenative interventions have emerged to delay and even reverse the ageing process. Defining the mechanism by which roadblocks and signaling inputs influence complex ageing programs is essential for understanding and developing rejuvenative strategies. Here, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that counteract cell rejuvenation, and the targeted cells and core mechanisms involved in this process. Then, we critically summarize the latest advances in state-of-art strategies of cellular rejuvenation. Various rejuvenation methods also provide insights for treating specific ageing-related diseases, including cellular reprogramming, the removal of senescence cells (SCs) and suppression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic manipulation, stem cells-associated therapy, dietary restriction, immune rejuvenation and heterochronic transplantation, etc. The potential applications of rejuvenation therapy also extend to cancer treatment. Finally, we analyze in detail the therapeutic opportunities and challenges of rejuvenation technology. Deciphering rejuvenation interventions will provide further insights into anti-ageing and ageing-related disease treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Xiong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huating Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Laixian Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Hong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
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6
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Alimohammadi M, Makaremi S, Rahimi A, Asghariazar V, Taghadosi M, Safarzadeh E. DNA methylation changes and inflammaging in aging-associated diseases. Epigenomics 2022; 14:965-986. [PMID: 36043685 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging as an inevitable phenomenon is associated with pervasive changes in physiological functions. There is a relationship between aging and the increase of several chronic diseases. Most age-related disorders are accompanied by an underlying chronic inflammatory state, as demonstrated by local infiltration of inflammatory cells and greater levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream. Within inflammaging, many epigenetic events, especially DNA methylation, change. During the aging process, due to aberrations of DNA methylation, biological processes are disrupted, leading to the emergence or progression of a variety of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The focus of this review is on DNA methylation, which is involved in inflammaging-related activities, and how its dysregulation leads to human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Shima Makaremi
- School of Medicine & Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, & Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
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7
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Mi J, Chen X, Tang Y, You Y, Liu Q, Xiao J, Ling W. S-adenosylhomocysteine induces cellular senescence in rat aorta vascular smooth muscle cells via NF-κB-SASP pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Lorigo M, Cairrao E. Fetoplacental vasculature as a model to study human cardiovascular endocrine disruption. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:101054. [PMID: 34839931 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has associated the exposure of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with the cardiovascular (CV) system. This exposure is particularly problematic in a sensitive window of development, pregnancy. Pregnancy exposome can affect the overall health of the pregnancy by dramatic changes in vascular physiology and endocrine activity, increasing maternal susceptibility. Moreover, fetoplacental vascular function is generally altered, increasing the risk of developing pregnancy complications (including cardiovascular diseases, CVD) and predisposing the foetus to adverse health risks later in life. Thus, our review summarizes the existing literature on exposures to EDCs during pregnancy and adverse maternal health outcomes, focusing on the human placenta, vein, and umbilical artery associated with pregnancy complications. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of fetoplacental vasculature as a model for the study of human cardiovascular endocrine disruption. Therefore, we emphasize that the placenta, together with the umbilical arteries and veins, allows a better characterization of the pregnant woman's exposome. Consequently, it contributes to the protection of the mother and foetus against CV disorders in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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9
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Alpha-ketoglutarate ameliorates age-related osteoporosis via regulating histone methylations. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5596. [PMID: 33154378 PMCID: PMC7645772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related osteoporosis is characterized by the deterioration in bone volume and strength, partly due to the dysfunction of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) during aging. Alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) is an essential intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Studies have revealed that αKG extends the lifespan of worms and maintains the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, we show that the administration of αKG increases the bone mass of aged mice, attenuates age-related bone loss, and accelerates bone regeneration of aged rodents. αKG ameliorates the senescence-associated (SA) phenotypes of bone marrow MSCs derived from aged mice, as well as promoting their proliferation, colony formation, migration, and osteogenic potential. Mechanistically, αKG decreases the accumulations of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, and subsequently upregulates BMP signaling and Nanog expression. Collectively, our findings illuminate the role of αKG in rejuvenating MSCs and ameliorating age-related osteoporosis, with a promising therapeutic potential in age-related diseases. α-ketoglutarate is an intermediate of the Krebs Cycle that was recently reported to extend lifespan in C.Elegans. Here, the authors show that administration of α-ketoglutarate to mice reduces age-related bone loss, by ameliorating senescence of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.
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10
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Guevara EE, Lawler RR, Staes N, White CM, Sherwood CC, Ely JJ, Hopkins WD, Bradley BJ. Age-associated epigenetic change in chimpanzees and humans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190616. [PMID: 32951551 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation levels have been shown to change with age at sites across the human genome. Change at some of these sites is so consistent across individuals that it can be used as an 'epigenetic clock' to predict an individual's chronological age to within a few years. Here, we examined how the pattern of epigenetic ageing in chimpanzees compares with humans. We profiled genome-wide blood methylation levels by microarray for 113 samples from 83 chimpanzees aged 1-58 years (26 chimpanzees were sampled at multiple ages during their lifespan). Many sites (greater than 65 000) showed significant change in methylation with age and around one-third (32%) of these overlap with sites showing significant age-related change in humans. At over 80% of sites showing age-related change in both species, chimpanzees displayed a significantly faster rate of age-related change in methylation than humans. We also built a chimpanzee-specific epigenetic clock that predicted age in our test dataset with a median absolute deviation from known age of only 2.4 years. However, our chimpanzee clock showed little overlap with previously constructed human clocks. Methylation at CpGs comprising our chimpanzee clock showed moderate heritability. Although the use of a human microarray for profiling chimpanzees biases our results towards regions with shared genomic sequence between the species, nevertheless, our results indicate that there is considerable conservation in epigenetic ageing between chimpanzees and humans, but also substantial divergence in both rate and genomic distribution of ageing-associated sites. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing process'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine E Guevara
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Richard R Lawler
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Nicky Staes
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cassandra M White
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | | | - William D Hopkins
- Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Brenda J Bradley
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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11
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Guarasci F, D'Aquila P, Montesanto A, Corsonello A, Bellizzi D, Passarino G. Individual DNA Methylation Profile is Correlated with Age and can be Targeted to Modulate Healthy Aging and Longevity. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:4139-4149. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191112095655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
:Patterns of DNA methylation, the best characterized epigenetic modification, are modulated by aging. In humans, different studies at both site-specific and genome-wide levels have reported that modifications of DNA methylation are associated with the chronological aging process but also with the quality of aging (or biological aging), providing new perspectives for establishing powerful biomarkers of aging.:In this article, the role of DNA methylation in aging and longevity has been reviewed by analysing literature data about DNA methylation variations occurring during the lifetime in response to environmental factors and genetic background, and their association with the aging process and, in particular, with the quality of aging. Special attention has been devoted to the relationship between nuclear DNA methylation patterns, mitochondrial DNA epigenetic modifications, and longevity. Mitochondrial DNA has recently been reported to modulate global DNA methylation levels of the nuclear genome during the lifetime, and, in spite of the previous belief, it has been found to be the target of methylation modifications.:Analysis of DNA methylation profiles across lifetime shows that a remodeling of the methylome occurs with age and/or with age-related decline. Thus, it can be an excellent biomarker of aging and of the individual decline and frailty status. The knowledge about the mechanisms underlying these modifications is crucial since it might allow the opportunity for targeted treatment to modulate the rate of aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Guarasci
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87030 Rende, Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Aquila
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87030 Rende, Italy
| | - Alberto Montesanto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87030 Rende, Italy
| | - Andrea Corsonello
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology, Scientific Research Institute - Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
| | - Dina Bellizzi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87030 Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87030 Rende, Italy
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12
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Du X, Yuan L, Wu M, Men M, He R, Wang L, Wu S, Xiang Y, Qu X, Liu H, Qin X, Hu C, Qin L, Liu C. Variable DNA methylation of aging-related genes is associated with male COPD. Respir Res 2019; 20:243. [PMID: 31684967 PMCID: PMC6829949 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung inflammatory disease which has a close relationship with aging. Genome-wide analysis reveals that DNA methylation markers vary obviously with age. DNA methylation variations in peripheral blood have the potential to be biomarkers for COPD. However, the specific DNA methylation of aging-related genes in the peripheral blood of COPD patients remains largely unknown. Methods Firstly, 9 aging-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in COPD patients were screened out from the 25 aging-related genes profile through a comprehensive screening strategy. Secondly, qPCR and multiple targeted bisulfite enrichment sequencing (MethTarget) were used to detect the mRNA level and DNA methylation level of the 9 differentially expressed genes in the peripheral blood of 60 control subjects and 45 COPD patients. The candidate functional CpG sites were selected on the basis of the regulation ability of the target gene expression. Thirdly, the correlation was evaluated between the DNA methylation level of the key CpG sites and the clinical parameters of COPD patients, including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in one second as percentage of predicted volume (FEV1%), forced expiratory volume/ forced vital capacity (FEV/FVC), modified British medical research council (mMRC) score, acute exacerbation frequency and the situation of frequent of acute aggravation (CAT) score. Lastly, differentially methylated CpG sites unrelated to smoking were also determined in COPD patients. Results Of the 9 differentially expressed aging-related genes, the mRNA expression of 8 genes were detected to be significantly down-regulated in COPD group, compared with control group. Meanwhile, the methylated level of all aging-related genes was changed in COPD group containing 219 COPD-related CpG sites in total. Notably, 27 CpG sites of FOXO3 gene showed a lower False Discovery Rate (FDR) and higher methylation difference values. Also, some variable DNA methylation is associated with the severity of COPD. Additionally, of the 219 COPD-related CpG sites, 147 CpG sites were not related to smoking. Conclusion These results identified that the mRNA expression and DNA methylation level of aging-related genes were changed in male COPD patients, which provides a molecular link between aging and COPD. The identified CpG markers are associated with the severity of COPD and provide new insights into the prediction and identification of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Du
- Department of Physiology; China-Africa Infection Diseases Research Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Physiology; China-Africa Infection Diseases Research Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Mengping Wu
- Department of Physiology; China-Africa Infection Diseases Research Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Meichao Men
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoxi He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology; China-Africa Infection Diseases Research Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangyan Wu
- Department of Physiology; China-Africa Infection Diseases Research Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology; China-Africa Infection Diseases Research Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology; China-Africa Infection Diseases Research Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Physiology; China-Africa Infection Diseases Research Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of Physiology; China-Africa Infection Diseases Research Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Physiology; China-Africa Infection Diseases Research Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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Géranton SM. Does epigenetic 'memory' of early-life stress predispose to chronic pain in later life? A potential role for the stress regulator FKBP5. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190283. [PMID: 31544613 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal behaviours are affected not only by inherited genes but also by environmental experiences. For example, in both rats and humans, stressful early-life events such as being reared by an inattentive mother can leave a lasting trace and affect later stress response in adult life. This is owing to a chemical trace left on the chromatin attributed to so-called epigenetic mechanisms. Such an epigenetic trace often has consequences, sometimes long-lasting, on the functioning of our genes, thereby allowing individuals to rapidly adapt to a new environment. One gene under such epigenetic control is FKBP5, the gene that encodes the protein FKPB51, a crucial regulator of the stress axis and a significant driver of chronic pain states. In this article, we will discuss the possibility that exposure to stress could drive the susceptibly to chronic pain via epigenetic modifications of genes within the stress axis such as FKBP5. The possibility that such modifications, and therefore, the susceptibility to chronic pain, could be transmitted across generations in mammals and whether such mechanisms may be evolutionarily conserved across phyla will also be debated. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Evolution of mechanisms and behaviour important for pain'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Géranton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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14
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Barja G. Towards a unified mechanistic theory of aging. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Xiao FH, Wang HT, Kong QP. Dynamic DNA Methylation During Aging: A "Prophet" of Age-Related Outcomes. Front Genet 2019; 10:107. [PMID: 30833961 PMCID: PMC6387955 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological markers of aging used to predict physical health status in older people are of great interest. Telomere shortening, which occurs during the process of cell replication, was initially considered a promising biomarker for the prediction of age and age-related outcomes (e.g., diseases, longevity). However, the high instability in detection and low correlation with age-related outcomes limit the extension of telomere length to the field of prediction. Currently, a growing number of studies have shown that dynamic DNA methylation throughout human lifetime exhibits strong correlation with age and age-related outcomes. Indeed, many researchers have built age prediction models with high accuracy based on age-dependent methylation changes in certain CpG loci. For now, DNA methylation based on epigenetic clocks, namely epigenetic or DNA methylation age, serves as a new standard to track chronological age and predict biological age. Measures of age acceleration (Δage, DNA methylation age – chronological age) have been developed to assess the health status of a person. In addition, there is evidence that an accelerated epigenetic age exists in patients with certain age-related diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease). In this review, we provide an overview of the dynamic signatures of DNA methylation during aging and emphasize its practical utility in the prediction of various age-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, China.,KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Hao-Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, China.,KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, China.,KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China
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16
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Liester MB, Sullivan EE. A review of epigenetics in human consciousness. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2019.1668222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B. Liester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, P.O. Box 302 153 N. Washington Street, Suite 103, Monument, CO 80132, USA
| | - Erin E. Sullivan
- Computer Science, University of Oklahoma, P.O. Box 302, Monument, CO 80132, USA
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17
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Gómez Real F, Burgess JA, Villani S, Dratva J, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Koplin J, Leynaert B, Lodge C, Lærum BN, Matheson MC, Norbäck D, Omenaas ER, Skulstad SM, Sunyer J, Dharmage SC, Svanes C. Maternal age at delivery, lung function and asthma in offspring: a population-based survey. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:13993003.01611-2016. [PMID: 29880541 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01611-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information about potential impact of maternal age on the respiratory health of offspring. We investigated the association of maternal age at delivery with adult offspring's lung function, respiratory symptoms and asthma, and potential differences according to offspring sex.10 692 adults from 13 countries participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) II responded to standardised interviews and provided lung function measurements and serum for IgE measurements at age 25-55 years. In logistic and linear multilevel mixed models we adjusted for participants' characteristics (age, education, centre, number of older siblings) and maternal characteristics (smoking in pregnancy, education) while investigating for differential effects by sex. Maternal age was validated in a subsample using data from the Norwegian birth registry.Increasing maternal age was associated with increasing forced expiratory volume in 1 s (2.33 mL per year, 95% CI 0.34-4.32 mL per year), more consistent in females (ptrend 0.025) than in males (ptrend 0.14). Asthma (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.92) and respiratory symptoms (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.92) decreased with increasing maternal age (per 5 years) in females, but not in males (pinteraction 0.05 and 0.001, respectively). The results were consistent across centres and not explained by confounding factors.Maternal ageing was related to higher adult lung function and less asthma/symptoms in females. Biological characteristics in offspring related to maternal ageing are plausible and need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gómez Real
- Dept of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - John A Burgess
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simona Villani
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Dept of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Julia Dratva
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Molecular Epidemiology, Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christer Janson
- Dept of Medical Sciences, Respiratory: Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Debbie Jarvis
- Dept of Public Health Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Koplin
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bénédicte Leynaert
- Inserm, UMR 1152, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Birger N Lærum
- Dept of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Melanie C Matheson
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Dept of Medical Sciences, Respiratory: Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ernst R Omenaas
- Dept of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Svein M Skulstad
- Dept of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dept of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Centre de Recerca Epidemiológica i Ambiental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Dept of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,These authors contributed equally
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19
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Aging and nutrition induce tissue-specific changes on global DNA methylation status in rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 174:47-54. [PMID: 29427568 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A number of epigenetic studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation patterns exhibit a tissue specificity, but not much has been done to highlight the extent of this phenomenon. Moreover, it is unknown how external factors modulate the plasticity of the tissue specific epigenetic profile. We examined global DNA methylation profiles in tissues from rats of different age, fed with standard or low-calorie diet, and evaluated their association with aging and nutrition. Tissue-specific variations occur during aging with hyper-methylation taking place in all tissues except for liver. The expression of enzymes involved in methylation reactions (DNMTs and TETs) was consistent with the methylation patterns. Nutrition affects global DNA methylation status throughout lifespan. Interestingly, the differences among different tissues are magnified in 96 weeks old rats fed with low calorie diet. Moreover, the low-calorie diet appears to affect the offspring's epigenetic status more strongly if administered during the maternal pre-gestational period than the gestational and lactation time. Therefore, we propose that changes in the global DNA methylation status may represent an epigenetic mechanism by which age and nutrition intersect each other and, in turn, influence the aging plasticity.
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20
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Mattek R, Hanson RK. Committed as a Violent Sexual Predator in His 10th Decade: A Case Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:543-550. [PMID: 28828586 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-1041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a case study of Atypical Offender (AO), a man who was civilly committed as a sexually violent person several years after his 90th birthday. In this article, we review the factors that usually contribute to virtually zero rates of sexual crime among nonagenarians for clues as to why these protective factors did not apply to this exceptional case. Psychological assessments and court records portrayed AO as having many of the features expected of persistent sexual offenders against children (e.g., pedophilic interests, child-oriented lifestyle). What was unusual, however, was AO's exceptional good health and vigor, which was maintained well into his tenth decade. Consequently, we recommend that forensic evaluators of older sexual offenders systematically consider the offenders' health as part of the overall risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mattek
- Sand Ridge Secure Treatment Center, Mauston, WI, 53948, USA.
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21
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O'Neill DG, Darwent EC, Church DB, Brodbelt DC. Border Terriers under primary veterinary care in England: demography and disorders. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2017; 4:15. [PMID: 29209506 PMCID: PMC5702187 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-017-0055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Border Terrier is a working terrier type that is generally considered to be a relatively healthy and hardy breed. This study aimed to characterise the demography and common disorders of Border Terriers receiving veterinary care in England using de-identified electronic patient record data within the VetCompass™ Programme. Results Annual birth proportion for Border Terriers showed a decreasing trend from 1.46% in 2005 to 0.78% in 2014. The median adult bodyweight for males (10.9 kg, IQR: 9.6–12.3, range: 6.3–25.0) was higher than for females (9.1 kg, IQR: 8.2–10.3, range: 5.2–21.6) (P < 0.001). The median longevity was 12.7 years (IQR 9.3–14.3, range 1.0–17.5). The most prevalent fine-level disorders recorded were periodontal disease (17.63%, 95% CI: 15.62–19.79), overweight/obesity (7.01%, 95% CI: 5.69–8.52) and otitis externa (6.71%, 95% CI: 5.42–8.19). The most prevalent grouped-level precision disorders were dental disorder (18.54%, 95% CI: 16.48–20.74), enteropathy (11.68%, 95% CI: 10.00–13.53), and skin disorder (10.17%, 95% CI: 8.60–11.93). Syndromic analysis showed that the most prevalent body locations affected were the head-and-neck (37.75%, 95% CI: 35.14–40.43), abdomen (18.61%, 95% CI: 16.55–20.81) and limb (11.53%, 95% CI: 9.86–13.37). At least one organ system was affected in 834 (62.85%) Border Terriers. The most prevalent organ systems affected were the digestive (32.03%, 95% CI: 29.52–34.61), integument (26.68%, 95% CI: 24.31–29.14), connective/soft tissue (11.15%, 95% CI: 9.51–12.97) and auditory (9.87%, 95% CI: 8.32–11.60). At least one affected pathophysiological process was described in 881 (66.39%) Border Terriers. The most prevalent pathophysiologic processes recorded were inflammation (31.65%, 95% CI: 29.15–34.23), nutritional (9.04%, 95% CI: 7.55–10.72), mass/swelling (8.89%, 95% CI: 7.42–10.55), traumatic (7.99%, 95% CI: 6.59–9.58) and infectious (7.76%, 95% CI: 6.38–9.33). Conclusions This study documented a trend towards reducing ownership and relatively long-livedness in the Border Terrier. The most common disorders were periodontal disease, overweight/obesity and otitis externa. Predisposition to dental and neurological disease was suggested. These results can provide a comprehensive evidence resource to support breed-based health plans that can contribute positively to reforms to improve health and welfare within the breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G O'Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Elisabeth C Darwent
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - David B Church
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Dave C Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
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Identification, replication and characterization of epigenetic remodelling in the aging genome: a cross population analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8183. [PMID: 28811542 PMCID: PMC5557932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process regulated by multiple cellular pathways and molecular mechanisms including epigenetics. Using genome-wide DNA methylation data measured in a large collection of Scottish old individuals, we performed discovery association analysis to identify age-methylated CpGs and replicated them in two independent Danish cohorts. The double-replicated CpGs were characterized by distribution over gene regions and location in relation to CpG islands. The replicated CpGs were further characterized by involvement in biological pathways to study their functional implications in aging. We identified 67,604 age-associated CpG sites reaching genome-wide significance of FWER <0.05, 86% demethylated with increasing age. Double-replication resulted in 5,168 CpGs (39% age-methylated and 61% age-demethylated) which were characterized by high concentration of age-methylated CpGs at 1stExon and TSS200 and a dominant pattern of age-demethylated CpGs at other gene regions, and by overwhelming age-related methylation in CpG islands and demethylation at shore/shelf and open sea. The differential distribution patterns over gene regions for methylated and demethylated CpGs both relate to reduced gene activity during aging. Pathway analysis showed that age-dependent methylations were especially involved in cellular signalling activities while demethylations particularly linked to functions of the extracellular matrix, all implicated in the aging process and age-related disease risk.
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Amodio N, D'Aquila P, Passarino G, Tassone P, Bellizzi D. Epigenetic modifications in multiple myeloma: recent advances on the role of DNA and histone methylation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:91-101. [PMID: 27892767 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1266339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a clonal late B-cell disorder accounting for about 13% of hematological cancers and 1% of all neoplastic diseases. Recent studies on the molecular pathogenesis and biology of MM have highlighted a complex epigenomic landscape contributing to MM onset, prognosis and high individual variability. Areas covered: We describe here the current knowledge on epigenetic events characterizing MM initiation and progression, focusing on the role of DNA and histone methylation and on the most promising epi-therapeutic approaches targeting the methylation pathway. Expert opinion: Data published so far indicate that alterations of the epigenetic framework, which include aberrant global or gene/non-coding RNA specific methylation profiles, feature prominently in the pathobiology of MM. Indeed, the aberrant expression of components of the epigenetic machinery as well as the reversibility of the epigenetic marks make this pathway druggable, providing the basis for the design of epigenetic therapies against this still fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Amodio
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Aquila
- b Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences , University of Calabria , Rende , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- b Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences , University of Calabria , Rende , Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy.,c Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , US
| | - Dina Bellizzi
- b Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences , University of Calabria , Rende , Italy
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Zhang Y, Li HH, Yang R, Yang BJ, Gao ZY. Association between circulating microRNA-208a and severity of coronary heart disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2017; 77:379-384. [PMID: 28554251 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1328740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hai-Hong Li
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Bai-Jing Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Gao
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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25
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Association between peripheral blood cells mitochondrial DNA content and severity of coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2017; 261:105-110. [PMID: 28242046 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leukocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content reflects the oxidant-induced cell damage, which has been observed in a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether it correlates with coronary heart disease (CHD), which closely relates to oxidative stress, has never been elucidated before. The aim of this study was to explore association between mtDNA content and the presence and severity of CHD. METHODS The study population consisted of 400 individuals (290 with CHD and 110 controls). A quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure the relative content of mtDNA in peripheral blood cells (PBCs). Gensini score was used to evaluate the severity of coronary stenotic lesions. An unconditional multivariate logistic regression was developed to estimate the association between CHD risk and mtDNA content by using odds ratio (OR). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02500823. RESULTS CHD patients, compared to controls, had lower mtDNA content (median, 0.78 vs. 0.83, p < 0.001), and mtDNA levels significantly decreased following an increasing Gensini score (p < 0.001). By using the first (highest mtDNA content) quartile of mtDNA content of controls as reference, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for individuals in the second, third and highest quartile of mtDNA content were 1.78 (95% CI, 1.15-3.51), 2.21 (95% CI, 1.65-3.74) and 4.83 (95% CI, 2.67-8.64), respectively (p for trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that expression of mtDNA may be associated with atherogenesis. The level of peripheral blood mtDNA in predicting the severity of coronary atherosclerosis may have a relatively certain value.
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Genome-wide DNA-(de)methylation is associated with Noninfectious Bud-failure exhibition in Almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A.Webb). Sci Rep 2017; 7:42686. [PMID: 28202904 PMCID: PMC5311954 DOI: 10.1038/srep42686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninfectious bud-failure (BF) remains a major threat to almond production in California, particularly with the recent rapid expansion of acreage and as more intensive cultural practices and modern cultivars are adopted. BF has been shown to be inherited in both vegetative and sexual progeny, with exhibition related to the age and propagation history of scion clonal sources. These characteristics suggest an epigenetic influence, such as the loss of juvenility mediated by DNA-(de)methylation. Various degrees of BF have been reported among cultivars as well as within sources of clonal propagation of the same cultivar. Genome-wide methylation profiles for different clones within almond genotypes were developed to examine their association with BF levels and association with the chronological time from initial propagation. The degree of BF exhibition was found to be associated with DNA-(de)methylation and clonal age, which suggests that epigenetic changes associated with ageing may be involved in the differential exhibition of BF within and among almond clones. Research is needed to investigate the potential of DNA-(de)methylation status as a predictor for BF as well as for effective strategies to improve clonal selection against age related deterioration. This is the first report of an epigenetic-related disorder threatening a major tree crop.
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Heo JI, Kim W, Choi KJ, Bae S, Jeong JH, Kim KS. XIAP-associating factor 1, a transcriptional target of BRD7, contributes to endothelial cell senescence. Oncotarget 2017; 7:5118-30. [PMID: 26802028 PMCID: PMC4868675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is well known as an antagonist of XIAP-mediated caspase inhibition. Although XAF1 serves as a tumor-suppressor gene, the role of XAF1 in cellular senescence remains unclear. We found that XAF1 expression was increased by genotoxic agents, such as doxorubicin and ionizing radiation in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, consequently leading to premature senescence. Conversely, downregulation of XAF1 in premature senescent cells partially overcame endothelial cell senescence. p53 knockdown, but not p16 knockdown, abolished senescence phenotypes caused by XAF1 induction. XAF1 expression was transcriptionally regulated by Bromodomain 7 (BRD7). XAF1 induction with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) treatment was abrogated by BRD7 knockdown, which resulted in blocking interferon-induced senescence. In lung cancer cells, XAF1 tumor suppressor activity was decreased by BRD7 knockdown, and inhibition of tumor growth by IFN-γ did not appear in BRD7-depleted xenograft tumors. These data suggest that XAF1 is involved in BRD7-associated senescence and plays an important role in the regulation of endothelial senescence through a p53-dependent pathway. Furthermore, regulation of the BRD7/XAF1 system might contribute to tissue or organismal aging and protection against cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ik Heo
- Divisions of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonwoo Kim
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Choi
- Divisions of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Bae
- Divisions of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Jeong
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Kim
- Divisions of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Molina-Serrano D, Schiza V, Demosthenous C, Stavrou E, Oppelt J, Kyriakou D, Liu W, Zisser G, Bergler H, Dang W, Kirmizis A. Loss of Nat4 and its associated histone H4 N-terminal acetylation mediates calorie restriction-induced longevity. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1829-1843. [PMID: 27799288 PMCID: PMC5167350 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in histone modifications are an attractive model through which environmental signals, such as diet, could be integrated in the cell for regulating its lifespan. However, evidence linking dietary interventions with specific alterations in histone modifications that subsequently affect lifespan remains elusive. We show here that deletion of histone N‐alpha‐terminal acetyltransferase Nat4 and loss of its associated H4 N‐terminal acetylation (N‐acH4) extend yeast replicative lifespan. Notably, nat4Δ‐induced longevity is epistatic to the effects of calorie restriction (CR). Consistent with this, (i) Nat4 expression is downregulated and the levels of N‐acH4 within chromatin are reduced upon CR, (ii) constitutive expression of Nat4 and maintenance of N‐acH4 levels reduces the extension of lifespan mediated by CR, and (iii) transcriptome analysis indicates that nat4Δ largely mimics the effects of CR, especially in the induction of stress‐response genes. We further show that nicotinamidase Pnc1, which is typically upregulated under CR, is required for nat4Δ‐mediated longevity. Collectively, these findings establish histone N‐acH4 as a regulator of cellular lifespan that links CR to increased stress resistance and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vassia Schiza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Emmanouil Stavrou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jan Oppelt
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dimitris Kyriakou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Wei Liu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gertrude Zisser
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Bergler
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Graz, Austria
| | - Weiwei Dang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonis Kirmizis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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29
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Tan Q, Heijmans BT, Hjelmborg JVB, Soerensen M, Christensen K, Christiansen L. Epigenetic drift in the aging genome: a ten-year follow-up in an elderly twin cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1146-1158. [PMID: 27498152 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current epigenetic studies on aging are dominated by the cross-sectional design that correlates subjects' ages or age groups with their measured epigenetic profiles. Such studies have been more aimed at age prediction or building up the epigenetic clock of age rather than focusing on the dynamic patterns in epigenetic changes during the aging process. METHODS We performed an epigenome-wide association study of intra-individual longitudinal changes in DNA methylation at CpG (cytosine-phosphate-guanine) sites measured in whole-blood samples of a cohort of 43 elderly twin pairs followed for 10 years (age at intake 73-82 years). Biological pathway analysis and survival analysis were also conducted on CpGs showing longitudinal change in their DNA-methylation levels. Classical twin models were fitted to each CpG site to estimate the genetic and environmental effects on DNA-methylation. RESULTS Our analysis identified 2284 CpG sites whose DNA-methylation levels changed longitudinally over the follow-up. Twin modelling revealed that the longitudinal change for 90% of these CpG sites was explained solely by individual unique environmental factors and only for 10% of these sites was it influenced by familial factors (genetic or shared environment). Over 60% of the identified CpG sites were replicated (same direction and replication P < 0.05) in an independent cross-sectional sample of 300 twins aged from 30 to 74 years. The replication rate went up to 91% for the top 53 CpGs with P < 1 × 10-07. Pathway analysis of genes linked to these CpGs identified biologically meaningful gene-sets involved in cellular-signalling events and in transmission across chemical synapses, which are important molecular underpinnings of aging-related degenerative disorders. CONCLUSION Our epigenome-wide association studies on a cohort of old twins followed up for 10 years identified highly replicable epigenetic biomarkers predominantly implicated in signalling pathways of degenerative disorders and survival in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark, .,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark and
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob V B Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mette Soerensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark and
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark and
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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da Costa JP, Rocha-Santos T, Duarte AC. Analytical tools to assess aging in humans: The rise of geri-omics. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Santos-Lozano A, Santamarina A, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Fiuza-Luces C, Cristi-Montero C, Bernal-Pino A, Lucia A, Garatachea N. The genetics of exceptional longevity: Insights from centenarians. Maturitas 2016; 90:49-57. [PMID: 27282794 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As the world population ages, so the prevalence increases of individuals aged 100 years or more, known as centenarians. Reaching this age has been described as exceptional longevity (EL) and is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Many genetic variations known to affect life expectancy exist in centenarians. This review of studies conducted on centenarians and supercentenarians (older than 110 years) updates knowledge of the impacts on longevity of the twenty most widely investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; GIDFYS, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Garatachea
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) research group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
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32
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The impact of nutrients on the aging rate: A complex interaction of demographic, environmental and genetic factors. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 154:49-61. [PMID: 26876763 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition has a strong influence on the health status of the elderly, with many dietary components associated to either an increased risk of disease or to an improvement of the quality of life and to a delay of age-related pathologies. A direct effect of a reduced caloric intake on the delay of aging phenotypes is documented in several organisms. The role of nutrients in the regulation of human lifespan is not easy to disentangle, influenced by a complex interaction of nutrition with environmental and genetic factors. The individual genetic background is fundamental for mediating the effects of nutritional components on aging. Classical genetic factors able to influence nutrient metabolism are considered those belonging to insulin/insulin growth factor (INS/IGF-1) signaling, TOR signaling and Sirtuins, but also genes involved in inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity can have a major role. Considering the worldwide increasing interest in nutrition to prevent age related diseases and achieve a healthy aging, in this review we will discuss this complex interaction, in the light of metabolic changes occurring with aging, with the aim of shedding a light on the enormous complexity of the metabolic scenario underlying longevity phenotype.
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33
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Loaiza N, Demaria M. Cellular senescence and tumor promotion: Is aging the key? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1865:155-67. [PMID: 26845683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The senescence response is a potent tumor suppressor mechanism characterized by an irreversible growth arrest in response to potentially oncogenic signals to prevent the proliferation of damaged cells. Late in life, some of the features of senescent cells seem to mediate the development of age-related pathologies, including cancer. In the present review, we present a summary of the current knowledge regarding the causes, effector pathways and cellular features of senescence. We also discuss how the senescence response, initially a tumor suppressor mechanism, turns into a tumor promoter apparently as a consequence of aging. We argue that three age-related phenomena--senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) dysregulation, decline in the immune system function and genomic instability--could contribute, independently or synergistically, to deteriorate the efficacy of the senescence response in stopping cancer. As a consequence, senescent cells could be considered premalignant cells, and targeting senescent cells could be a preventive and therapeutic strategy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Loaiza
- University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands; European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), Groningen, The Netherlands.
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34
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Khan S, Shukla S, Sinha S, Meeran SM. Epigenetic targets in cancer and aging: dietary and therapeutic interventions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:689-703. [PMID: 26667209 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1132702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in normal growth and embryonic development by controlling the transcriptional activities of several genes. A growing number of epigenetic changes have been reported in the regulation of key genes involved in cancer and aging. Drugs with epigenetic modulatory activities, mainly histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, have received wider attention in aging and cancer research. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the major epigenetic alterations in cancer and aging, with special emphasis on possible therapeutic targets and interventions by dietary as well as bioactive phytochemicals. EXPERT OPINION Some epigenetic-targeting drugs have received FDA approval and many others are undergoing different phases of clinical trials for cancer therapy. In addition to the synthetic compounds, several bioactive phytochemicals and dietary interventions, such as caloric restriction, have been shown to possess epigenetic modulatory activities in multiple cancers. These epigenetic modulators have been shown to delay aging and minimize the risk of cancer both in preclinical as well as clinical models. Therefore, knowledge of bioactive phytochemicals along with dietary interventions can be utilized for cancer prevention and therapy both alone and with existing drugs to achieve optimum efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Khan
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Samriddhi Shukla
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Sonam Sinha
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
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Lazarus J, Mather KA, Thalamuthu A, Kwok JBJ. Genetic factors and epigenetic mechanisms of longevity: current perspectives. Epigenomics 2015; 7:1339-49. [PMID: 26639084 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The exceptional longevity phenotype, defined as living beyond the age of 95, results from complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, mediate the interaction of these factors. This review will provide an overview of animal model studies used to examine age-related epigenetic modifications. Key human studies will be used to illustrate the progress made in the identification of the genetic loci associated with exceptional longevity, including APOE and FOXO3 and genes/loci that are also differentially methylated between long-lived individuals and younger controls. Future studies should focus on elucidating whether identified longevity genetic loci directly influence epigenetic mechanisms, especially on differentially methylated regions associated with longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lazarus
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John B J Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Length of paternal lifespan is manifested in the DNA methylome of their nonagenarian progeny. Oncotarget 2015; 6:30557-67. [PMID: 26436701 PMCID: PMC4741551 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The heritability of lifespan is 20-30%, but only a few genes associated with longevity have been identified. To explain this discrepancy, the inheritance of epigenetic features, such as DNA methylation, have been proposed to contribute to the heritability of lifespan.We investigated whether parental lifespan is associated with DNA methylation profile in nonagenarians. A regression model, adjusted for differences in blood cell proportions, identified 659 CpG sites where the level of methylation was associated with paternal lifespan. However, no association was observed between maternal lifespan and DNA methylation. The 659 CpG sites associated with paternal lifespan were enriched outside of CpG islands and were located in genes associated with development and morphogenesis, as well as cell signaling. The largest difference in the level of methylation between the progeny of the shortest-lived and longest-lived fathers was identified for CpG sites mapping to CXXC5. In addition, the level of methylation in three Notch-genes (NOTCH1, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4) was also associated with paternal lifespan.There are implications for the inheritance of acquired traits via epigenetic mechanisms in mammals. Here we describe DNA methylation features that are associated with paternal lifespan, and we speculate that the identified CpG sites may represent intergenerational epigenetic inheritance.
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37
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Ding XQ, Ge PC, Liu Z, Jia H, Chen X, An FH, Li LH, Chen ZH, Mao HW, Li ZY, Gu Y, Zhu TB, Li CJ, Wang LS, Ma WZ, Yang ZJ, Jia EZ. Interaction between microRNA expression and classical risk factors in the risk of coronary heart disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14925. [PMID: 26446730 PMCID: PMC4597355 DOI: 10.1038/srep14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the synergistic effect of microRNA expression with classical risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) and to explore their diagnostic value for coronary stenotic lesions in subjects with CHD. Plasma samples were obtained from 66 subjects with CHD and from 58 control individuals. A quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was conducted to confirm the relative expressions of the known CHD-related miRNAs. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was based on the Gensini scoring system. The expression of miR-125b in plasma of the CHD group was lower than that of the non-CHD group (0.14 ± 0.09 vs. 0.18 ± 0.10, p = 0.055), and the miR-125b levels significantly decreased following an increasing Gensini score (P = 0.037). Spearman correlation analyses indicated the Gensini score was negatively associated with miR-125b (r = −0.215, p = 0.017). Of all the miRNAs, miR-125b showed the lowest AUC (0.405; 95% CI: 0.305 ~ 0.506, p = 0.070). We found several synergistic effects between miR-125b and classical risk factors, such as age, sex, CR, FBG and HDL-C; the proportion of CHD attributable to the interaction of miR-125b and age was as high as 80%. Therefore, miR-125b was shown to play an important role in individual’s susceptibility to developing CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Ding
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Ge
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Heng Jia
- Kangda school, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng-Hui An
- Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhao-Hong Chen
- Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong-Wei Mao
- Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Gu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tie-Bing Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Jian Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - En-Zhi Jia
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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D'Aquila P, Giordano M, Montesanto A, De Rango F, Passarino G, Bellizzi D. Age-and gender-related pattern of methylation in the MT-RNR1 gene. Epigenomics 2015; 7:707-16. [PMID: 26343273 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the methylation of two CpG sites located within human mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR1 and MT-RNR2) genes. MATERIALS & METHODS Methylation was measured through bisulfite sequencing and qPCR assays on DNA samples collected from 381 differently aged human subjects. RESULTS Analyses revealed the methylation of the site in the MT-RNR1 gene and the co-presence of both unmethylated and methylated cytosines in most samples. High methylation levels (>10%) were more frequent in old women with respect to younger controls. A 9-year-long follow-up survey showed that subjects with high methylation levels exhibit a mortality risk significantly higher than subjects with low levels. CONCLUSION Our data further support the presence of methylation within human mitochondrial DNA and suggest that high levels of methylation of the MT-RNR1 site may reflect a condition of the cell or of the organism unfavorable to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia D'Aquila
- Department of Biology, Ecology & Earth Science (DIBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Marco Giordano
- Department of Biology, Ecology & Earth Science (DIBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Alberto Montesanto
- Department of Biology, Ecology & Earth Science (DIBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco De Rango
- Department of Biology, Ecology & Earth Science (DIBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology & Earth Science (DIBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Dina Bellizzi
- Department of Biology, Ecology & Earth Science (DIBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Grammatikakis I, Panda AC, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs) and the molecular hallmarks of aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:992-1009. [PMID: 25543668 PMCID: PMC4298369 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During aging, progressive deleterious changes increase the risk of disease and death. Prominent molecular hallmarks of aging are genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in a wide range of biological processes, including age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular pathologies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence is emerging that lncRNAs influence the molecular processes that underlie age-associated phenotypes. Here, we review our current understanding of lncRNAs that control the development of aging traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amaresh C Panda
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Dozmorov MG. Polycomb repressive complex 2 epigenomic signature defines age-associated hypermethylation and gene expression changes. Epigenetics 2015; 10:484-95. [PMID: 25880792 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although age-associated gene expression and methylation changes have been reported throughout the literature, the unifying epigenomic principles of aging remain poorly understood. Recent explosion in availability and resolution of functional/regulatory genome annotation data (epigenomic data), such as that provided by the ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics projects, provides an opportunity for the identification of epigenomic mechanisms potentially altered by age-associated differentially methylated regions (aDMRs) and regulatory signatures in the promoters of age-associated genes (aGENs). In this study we found that aDMRs and aGENs identified in multiple independent studies share a common Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 signature marked by EZH2, SUZ12, CTCF binding sites, repressive H3K27me3, and activating H3K4me1 histone modification marks, and a "poised promoter" chromatin state. This signature is depleted in RNA Polymerase II-associated transcription factor binding sites, activating H3K79me2, H3K36me3, H3K27ac marks, and an "active promoter" chromatin state. The PRC2 signature was shown to be generally stable across cell types. When considering the directionality of methylation changes, we found the PRC2 signature to be associated with aDMRs hypermethylated with age, while hypomethylated aDMRs were associated with enhancers. In contrast, aGENs were associated with the PRC2 signature independently of the directionality of gene expression changes. In this study we demonstrate that the PRC2 signature is the common epigenomic context of genomic regions associated with hypermethylation and gene expression changes in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G Dozmorov
- a Department of Biostatistics; Virginia Commonwealth University ; Richmond , VA , USA
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Marttila S, Kananen L, Häyrynen S, Jylhävä J, Nevalainen T, Hervonen A, Jylhä M, Nykter M, Hurme M. Ageing-associated changes in the human DNA methylome: genomic locations and effects on gene expression. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:179. [PMID: 25888029 PMCID: PMC4404609 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in DNA methylation are among the mechanisms contributing to the ageing process. We sought to identify ageing-associated DNA methylation changes at single-CpG-site resolution in blood leukocytes and to ensure that the observed changes were not due to differences in the proportions of leukocytes. The association between DNA methylation changes and gene expression levels was also investigated in the same individuals. Results We identified 8540 high-confidence ageing-associated CpG sites, 46% of which were hypermethylated in nonagenarians. The hypermethylation-associated genes belonged to a common category: they were predicted to be regulated by a common group of transcription factors and were enriched in a related set of GO terms and canonical pathways. Conversely, for the hypomethylation-associated genes only a limited set of GO terms and canonical pathways were identified. Among the 8540 CpG sites associated with ageing, methylation level of 377 sites was also associated with gene expression levels. These genes were enriched in GO terms and canonical pathways associated with immune system functions, particularly phagocytosis. Conclusions We find that certain ageing-associated immune-system impairments may be mediated via changes in DNA methylation. The results also imply that ageing-associated hypo- and hypermethylation are distinct processes: hypermethylation could be caused by programmed changes, whereas hypomethylation could be the result of environmental and stochastic processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1381-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Marttila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Gerontology Research Center, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Laura Kananen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Gerontology Research Center, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Sergei Häyrynen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Gerontology Research Center, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tapio Nevalainen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Gerontology Research Center, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Antti Hervonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere, Finland. .,School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Marja Jylhä
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere, Finland. .,School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Matti Nykter
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Mikko Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Gerontology Research Center, Tampere, Finland. .,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
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Abstract
Recent studies have shown an association between gene alterations by epigenetic mechanisms and suicidal behavior. These epigenetic mechanisms are mitotically, and in some cases meiotically, heritable changes in the genome through non-DNA sequence coding processes that alter gene expression as a result of variable changes in environmental stimuli. Genome-wide association studies have been inconsistent in elucidating the association between genes and suicidal behavior, thereby making the heritability of suicidal behavior is unclear. However, recent epigenetic studies have provided evidence that epigenetic mechanisms could deliver the missing link between the heritability of suicidal behavior and the interaction between environment and the genome. The present review provides an in-depth discussion of epigenetic mechanisms that may regulate gene expression in suicidal behavior. The findings of current epigenetic studies on suicidal behavior will also be discussed considering future epigenome-wide association studies on elucidating the contributions of environment and genome on suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bani-Fatemi
- a Group for Suicide Studies, CAMH, Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Géranton SM, Tochiki KK. Regulation of Gene Expression and Pain States by Epigenetic Mechanisms. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:147-83. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mather KA, Kwok JB, Armstrong N, Sachdev PS. The role of epigenetics in cognitive ageing. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:1162-71. [PMID: 25098266 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As the population is ageing, a better understanding of the underlying causes of age-related cognitive decline (cognitive ageing) is required. Epigenetic dysregulation is proposed as one of the underlying mechanisms for cognitive ageing. We review the current knowledge on epigenetics and cognitive ageing and appraise the potential of epigenetic preventative and therapeutic interventions. DESIGN Articles on cognitive ageing and epigenetics in English were identified. RESULTS Epigenetic dysregulation occurs with cognitive ageing, with changes in histone post-translational modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA reported. However, human studies are lacking, with most being cross-sectional using peripheral blood samples. Pharmacological and lifestyle factors have the potential to change aberrant epigenetic profiles; but few studies have examined this in relation to cognitive ageing. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between epigenetic modifications and cognitive ageing is only beginning to be investigated. Epigenetic dysregulation appears to be an important feature in cognitive ageing, but whether it is an epiphenomenon or a causal factor remains to be elucidated. Clarification of the relationship between epigenetic profiles of different cell types is essential and would determine whether epigenetic marks of peripheral tissues can be used as a proxy for changes occurring in the brain. The use of lifestyle and pharmacological interventions to improve cognitive performance and quality of life of older adults needs more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Ribeiro-Varandas E, Pereira HS, Monteiro S, Neves E, Brito L, Boavida Ferreira R, Viegas W, Delgado M. Bisphenol A disrupts transcription and decreases viability in aging vascular endothelial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15791-805. [PMID: 25207595 PMCID: PMC4200871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely utilized endocrine disruptor capable of mimicking endogenous hormones, employed in the manufacture of numerous consumer products, thereby interfering with physiological cellular functions. Recent research has shown that BPA alters epigenetic cellular mechanisms in mammals and may be correlated to enhanced cellular senescence. Here, the effects of BPA at 10 ng/mL and 1 µg/mL, concentrations found in human samples, were analyzed on HT29 human colon adenocarcinona cell line and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC). Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) transcriptional analysis of the Long Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1) retroelement showed that BPA induces global transcription deregulation in both cell lines, although with more pronounced effects in HUVEC cells. Whereas there was an increase in global transcription in HT29 exclusively after 24 h of exposure, this chemical had prolonged effects on HUVEC. Immunoblotting revealed that this was not accompanied by alterations in the overall content of H3K9me2 and H3K4me3 epigenetic marks. Importantly, cell viability assays and transcriptional analysis indicated that prolonged BPA exposure affects aging processes in senescent HUVEC. To our knowledge this is the first report that BPA interferes with senescence in primary vascular endothelial cells, therefore, suggesting its association to the etiology of age-related human pathologies, such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Ribeiro-Varandas
- Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; E-Mails: (E.R.-V.); (H.S.P.); (S.M.); (E.N.); (L.B.); (R.B.F.); (W.V.)
| | - H. Sofia Pereira
- Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; E-Mails: (E.R.-V.); (H.S.P.); (S.M.); (E.N.); (L.B.); (R.B.F.); (W.V.)
| | - Sara Monteiro
- Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; E-Mails: (E.R.-V.); (H.S.P.); (S.M.); (E.N.); (L.B.); (R.B.F.); (W.V.)
| | - Elsa Neves
- Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; E-Mails: (E.R.-V.); (H.S.P.); (S.M.); (E.N.); (L.B.); (R.B.F.); (W.V.)
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão Jean Piaget do Litoral Alentejano (ESTGJPLA), Instituto Piaget, Campus Académico de Santo André, Ap. 38, 7500-999 Vila Nova de Santo André, Portugal
| | - Luísa Brito
- Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; E-Mails: (E.R.-V.); (H.S.P.); (S.M.); (E.N.); (L.B.); (R.B.F.); (W.V.)
| | - Ricardo Boavida Ferreira
- Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; E-Mails: (E.R.-V.); (H.S.P.); (S.M.); (E.N.); (L.B.); (R.B.F.); (W.V.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Wanda Viegas
- Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; E-Mails: (E.R.-V.); (H.S.P.); (S.M.); (E.N.); (L.B.); (R.B.F.); (W.V.)
| | - Margarida Delgado
- Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; E-Mails: (E.R.-V.); (H.S.P.); (S.M.); (E.N.); (L.B.); (R.B.F.); (W.V.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +351-213-653-100 (ext. 3281); Fax: +351-213-653-195
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Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Hiltunen M, Kaarniranta K. Krebs cycle intermediates regulate DNA and histone methylation: epigenetic impact on the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 16:45-65. [PMID: 24910305 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Many aging theories have proposed that mitochondria and energy metabolism have a major role in the aging process. There are recent studies indicating that Krebs cycle intermediates can shape the epigenetic landscape of chromatin by regulating DNA and histone methylation. A growing evidence indicates that epigenetics plays an important role in the regulation of healthspan but also is involved in the aging process. 2-Oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) is a key metabolite in the Krebs cycle but it is also an obligatory substrate for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDO). The 2-OGDO enzyme family includes the major enzymes of DNA and histone demethylation, i.e. Ten-Eleven Translocation (TETs) and Jumonji C domain containing (JmjC) demethylases. In addition, 2-OGDO members can regulate collagen synthesis and hypoxic responses in a non-epigenetical manner. Interestingly, succinate and fumarate, also Krebs cycle intermediates, are potent inhibitors of 2-OGDO enzymes, i.e. the balance of Krebs cycle reactions can affect the level of DNA and histone methylation and thus control gene expression. We will review the epigenetic mechanisms through which Krebs cycle intermediates control the DNA and histone methylation. We propose that age-related disturbances in the Krebs cycle function induce stochastic epigenetic changes in chromatin structures which in turn promote the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Liang Y, He L, Yuan H, Jin Y, Yao Y. Association between RUNX3 promoter methylation and non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:694-705. [PMID: 24976992 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a known regulator in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, which promoter methylation playing a crucial role in diverse neoplasias. However, the relationship between RUNX3 promoter methylation and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be clarified. METHODS We searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Chinese Biological Medicine database, for articles published in English or Chinese until March 7, 2014. Our main analyses were focused on the association between RUNX3 promoter methylation and risk of NSCLC by meta-analysis methods. If heterogeneity was observed, we used random effects model to calculate the overall odds ratios, otherwise fixed effects model was used. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses were employed to detect the sources of the heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the stability of our studies. A funnel plot and Egger's test were conducted to investigate any potential publication bias. RESULTS A total of 1,368 samples from 13 literatures were involved in this meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of RUNX3 methylation in NSCLC specimens compared to non-cancer controls was 6.70 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.64-9.67]. In the analysis of specimen-types subgroup, the summary OR was 5.79 (95% CI: 3.97-8.46) for tissue specimen subgroup, and that was 45.64 (95% CI: 5.89-353.72) for serum specimen subgroup. The ORs for the age ≤60 years, 60-65 years and >65 years subgroup were 5.19 (95% CI: 3.27-8.24), 9.45 (95% CI: 2.45-36.45) and 13.23 (95% CI: 5.59-31.28) respectively. The result of meta-regression indicated that age was fundamental source of heterogeneity (coefficient =0.61, P=0.046, adjusted R(2) =100%). No publication bias was detected. In cancer specimens, the RUNX3 methylation was associated with histological type of the NSCLC, but no significant differences were found for RUNX3 methylation in relation to gender, smoking history, tumor TNM stage or tumor differentiation level. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of pooled data provides additional evidence to support a strong association between methylation of the RUNX3 promoter and NSCLC. RUNX3 methylation was increasing with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lianping He
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yuelong Jin
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yingshui Yao
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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MicroRNAs expression profiles in cardiovascular diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:985408. [PMID: 25013816 PMCID: PMC4075084 DOI: 10.1155/2014/985408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current search for new markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is explained by the high morbidity and mortality still observed in developed and developing countries due to cardiovascular events. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have emerged as potential new biomarkers and are small sequences of RNAs that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level by inhibiting translation or inducing degradation of the target mRNAs. Circulating miRNAs are involved in the regulation of signaling pathways associated to aging and can be used as novel diagnostic markers for acute and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular pathologies. This review summarizes the biogenesis, maturation, and stability of miRNAs and their use as potential biomarkers for coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF).
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Steegenga WT, Boekschoten MV, Lute C, Hooiveld GJ, de Groot PJ, Morris TJ, Teschendorff AE, Butcher LM, Beck S, Müller M. Genome-wide age-related changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in human PBMCs. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9648. [PMID: 24789080 PMCID: PMC4082572 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive process that results in the accumulation of intra- and extracellular alterations that in turn contribute to a reduction in health. Age-related changes in DNA methylation have been reported before and may be responsible for aging-induced changes in gene expression, although a causal relationship has yet to be shown. Using genome-wide assays, we analyzed age-induced changes in DNA methylation and their effect on gene expression with and without transient induction with the synthetic transcription modulating agent WY14,643. To demonstrate feasibility of the approach, we isolated peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) from five young and five old healthy male volunteers and cultured them with or without WY14,643. Infinium 450K BeadChip and Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST expression array analysis revealed significant differential methylation of at least 5 % (ΔYO > 5 %) at 10,625 CpG sites between young and old subjects, but only a subset of the associated genes were also differentially expressed. Age-related differential methylation of previously reported epigenetic biomarkers of aging including ELOVL2, FHL2, PENK, and KLF14 was confirmed in our study, but these genes did not display an age-related change in gene expression in PBMCs. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that differentially methylated genes that lack an age-related expression change predominantly represent genes involved in carcinogenesis and developmental processes, and expression of most of these genes were silenced in PBMCs. No changes in DNA methylation were found in genes displaying transiently induced changes in gene expression. In conclusion, aging-induced differential methylation often targets developmental genes and occurs mostly without change in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, Wageningen, 6703 HD, The Netherlands,
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Li M, Liu W, Yuan T, Bai R, Liu GH, Zhang W, Qu J. DNA methylome: Unveiling your biological age. Protein Cell 2014; 4:723-5. [PMID: 24104390 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hannum and colleagues performed DNA methylation sequencing to examine the relationship between DNA methylome and aging rate. Notably, they succeeded in building a quantitative and reproducible model based on the epigenetic bio-markers to predict aging rate with high accuracy. This progress enlightens us in many aspects particularly in applying this novel set of bio-markers on studying the mechanism of aging rate using adult tissue-specific stem cells, building up a potential quantitative model to explore the mechanism for other epigenetic factors like non-coding RNA, and understanding the principle and mechanism of 3D chromatin structure in epigenetic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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