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Rodziewicz-Flis EA, Kawa M, Flis DJ, Szaro-Truchan M, Skrobot WR, Kaczor JJ. 12 Weeks of Physical Exercise Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Improves Functional Tests Performance, and Reduces Fall Risk in Elderly Women Independently on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration. Front Physiol 2022; 13:809363. [PMID: 35514345 PMCID: PMC9065282 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.809363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate if the 25(OH)D concentration is related to physical training responses. Moreover, to determine the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and older women's physical performance, oxidative stress markers, inflammation, and bone metabolism. 37 older women (age 72.9 ± 5.2 years) were assigned into two groups: supplemented (SG) and non-supplemented (NSG). Then, the participants from SG and NSG were randomly assigned into exercised and non-exercised groups: exercise sufficient vitamin D group (ESD; n = 10), exercise insufficient vitamin D group (EID; n = 9), control sufficient vitamin D group (CSD; n = 9), and control insufficient vitamin D group (CID; n = 9). To assess the study aims time up and go test (TUG), 6 min walk test (6MWT), fall risk test (FRT), blood osteocalcin (OC), parathormone (PTH), calcium (Ca2+), sulfhydryl groups (SH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were performed. The results showed that a higher 25(OH)D concentration was in line with better physical performance and bone metabolism as well as lower inflammation. After 12 weeks of training we noted an improvement in 6MWT (from 374.0 ± 17.3 to 415.0 ± 18.8; p = 0.001 and from 364.8 ± 32.8 to 419.4 ± 32.3; p = 0.001 for EID and ESD, respectively), TUG (from 7.9 ± 0.5 to 6.8 ± 0.8; p = 0.001 and from 7.3 ± 1.5 to 6.4 ± 0.9; p = 0.002, for EID and ESD, respectively), reduction of fall risk (from 2.8 ± 0.8 to 1.9 ± 0.4; p = 0.003 and from 2.1 ± 1.1 to 1.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.047, for EID and ESD, respectively) and increase in SH groups (from 0.53 ± 0.06 to 0.58 ± 0.08; p = 0.012 and from 0.54 ± 0.03 to 0.59 ± 0.04; p = 0.005, for EID and ESD, respectively), regardless of the baseline 25(OH)D concentration. A decrease in PTH and OC concentration was observed only in EID group (from 57.7 ± 15.7 to 49.4 ± 12.6; p = 0.013 for PTH and from 27.9 ± 17.2 to 18.0 ± 6.2; p = 0.004 for OC). To conclude, vitamin D concentration among older women is associated with physical performance, fall risk, inflammation, and bone metabolism markers. Moreover, 12 weeks of training improved physical performance and antioxidant protection, regardless of baseline vitamin D concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Kawa
- Department of Basic Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Damian Józef Flis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marzena Szaro-Truchan
- Department of Basic Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Romuald Skrobot
- Department of Clinical Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Murthy LS, de França NAG, Duval GT, Vogrin S, Annweiler C, Duque G. Higher Concentrations of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) are Associated with Reduced Gait Velocity in Adults: A Systematic Review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 99:104579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Forestieri Faccio AF, Porto JM, Freire Júnior RC, Medeiros de Oliveira BG, Carvalho de Abreu DC. Trunk muscle function and anterior and posterior limits of stability in community-dwelling older adults. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 28:212-218. [PMID: 34776143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of the influence of trunk muscles on the older adult's limit of stability (LOS) is important for clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To compare the anterior and posterior LOS and the flexor and extensor trunk muscle function; verify the association of trunk muscles and LOS, and the association of LOS and the previous falls of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Sample characterization data, trunk muscle function (peak torque - PT and torque steadiness - TS), LOS and previous falls (6 months) were collected from 79 older people. Comparisons were made between the variables of the anterior/posterior LOS (Reaction time, Movement velocity, Maximum excursion, Directional control), between trunk extensors/flexors muscle function and between TS at 10% and at 50%. Associations were made between the anterior/posterior LOS and the number of previous falls and between LOS and trunk muscle function. RESULTS The posterior LOS was worse than the anterior LOS, except for the reaction time. The flexor muscles obtained a lower PT, but better performance in TS. The TS at 10% of the trunk extensor was associated with the posterior directional control (p = 0.032). There was no association between trunk muscle function and the anterior LOS, or between previous falls and LOS. CONCLUSIONS The older adults presented worse performance in the posterior LOS and worse TS in the trunk extensor muscles, although the trunk extensor muscles presented a higher PT. Although no association between LOS and previous falls, the better the TS at 10% of the trunk extensors, better posterior directional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fernanda Forestieri Faccio
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation and Functional Performance Program, Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Equilibrium (L.A.R.E.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Mello Porto
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation and Functional Performance Program, Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Equilibrium (L.A.R.E.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Renato Campos Freire Júnior
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), General Rodrigo Octávio Avenue, 6200, Manaus, AM, 69080-900, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Garcia Medeiros de Oliveira
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation and Functional Performance Program, Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Equilibrium (L.A.R.E.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Cristina Carvalho de Abreu
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation and Functional Performance Program, Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Equilibrium (L.A.R.E.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Murthy L, Duque G. Parathyroid hormone levels and aging: Effect on balance. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:173-184. [PMID: 33706948 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Falls result in multiple adverse health outcomes including mortality in older persons. Impaired balance is known to increase the risk of falls. Numerous factors play a role in the etiology of balance disturbance. Among the calciotropic hormones, the role of vitamin D in falls risk has been extensively studied. There is evolving interest in the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in this area. Elevated PTH hormone levels have been associated with age-related syndromes such as frailty, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Among the existing studies, most have focused on muscle strength with few studies evaluating its role in balance disturbances. In this chapter, we will summarize the aspects of PTH and aging, its biological effects on muscle, and the known associations between PTH and balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Murthy
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia.
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Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Phu S, Bani Hassan E, Brennan-Olsen SL, Zanker J, Vogrin S, Conzade R, Kirk B, Al Saedi A, Probst V, Duque G. The Joint Occurrence of Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia (Osteosarcopenia): Definitions and Characteristics. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 21:220-225. [PMID: 31669290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the associations of osteosarcopenia with physical performance, balance, and falls and fractures in community-dwelling older adults. Additionally, we aimed to determine which clinical outcomes are associated with specific components of osteosarcopenia. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 253 participants (77% women; aged 77.9 ± 0.42 years) who presented for a falls and fractures risk assessment in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS Participants were mobile, community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) free of cognitive impairment. Body composition (via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), physical performance [via Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)], and balance [via Four-Square Step test (FSS) and posturography] were examined. Falls in the past year and fractures in the past 5 years were self-reported. Osteosarcopenia was defined as (1) low bone mineral density (BMD) [T score <-1 standard deviation (SD)] combined with sarcopenia and (2) osteoporosis (BMD T score ≤-2.5 SD) combined with severe sarcopenia. For sarcopenia, we employed the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP1), the revised criteria (EWGSOP2), and that of the Foundation for the National Institutes for Health (FNIH). Kruskal-Wallis and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Osteosarcopenia was associated with worse SPPB, TUG, FSS, limit of stability, and falls and fractures history. Additionally, osteosarcopenia (using the severe sarcopenia classification) conferred an increased rate of falls [odds ratios (ORs) from 2.83 to 3.63; P < .05 for all] and fractures (ORs from 3.86 to 4.38; P < .05 for all) when employing the EWGSOP2 and FNIH definitions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Compared with the nonosteosarcopenic group, those with osteosarcopenia had greater impairment of physical performance and balance. The EWGSOP2 and FNIH criteria resulted in the strongest associations with physical performance and self-reported falls and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Masters and PhD Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences, Londrina State University (UEL) and University North of Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Steven Phu
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ebrahim Bani Hassan
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon L Brennan-Olsen
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse Zanker
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Romy Conzade
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ben Kirk
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ahmed Al Saedi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa Probst
- Masters and PhD Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences, Londrina State University (UEL) and University North of Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
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Kirk B, Al Saedi A, Duque G. Osteosarcopenia: A case of geroscience. Aging Med (Milton) 2019; 2:147-156. [PMID: 31942528 PMCID: PMC6880711 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many older persons lose their mobility and independence due to multiple diseases occurring simultaneously. Geroscience is aimed at developing innovative approaches to better identify relationships among the biological processes of aging. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two of the most prevalent chronic diseases in older people, with both conditions sharing overlapping risk factors and pathogenesis. When occurring together, these diseases form a geriatric syndrome termed "osteosarcopenia," which increases the risk of frailty, hospitalizations, and death. Findings from basic and clinical sciences aiming to understand osteosarcopenia have provided evidence of this syndrome as a case of geroscience. Genetic, endocrine, and mechanical stimuli, in addition to fat infiltration, sedentarism, and nutritional deficiencies, affect muscle and bone homeostasis to characterize this syndrome. However, research is in its infancy regarding accurate diagnostic markers and effective treatments with dual effects on muscle and bone. To date, resistance exercise remains the most promising strategy to increase muscle and bone mass, while sufficient quantities of protein, vitamin D, calcium, and creatine may preserve these tissues with aging. More recent findings, from rodent models, suggest treating ectopic fat in muscle and bone marrow as a possible avenue to curb osteosarcopenia, although this needs testing in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kirk
- Department of MedicineWestern HealthMelbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)University of Melbourne and Western HealthMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Ahmed Al Saedi
- Department of MedicineWestern HealthMelbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)University of Melbourne and Western HealthMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Department of MedicineWestern HealthMelbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)University of Melbourne and Western HealthMelbourneVic.Australia
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