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Villasana Y, Armenise S, Ábrego J, Atienza-Martínez M, Hablich K, Bimbela F, Cornejo A, Gandía LM. Exploring a Low-Cost Valorization Route for Amazonian Cocoa Pod Husks through Thermochemical and Catalytic Upgrading of Pyrolysis Vapors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37610-37621. [PMID: 37841159 PMCID: PMC10568713 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Ecuador as an international leader in the production of cocoa beans produced more than 300 000 tons in 2021; hence, the management and valorization of the 2 MM tons of waste generated annually by this industry have a strategic and socioeconomic value. Consequently, appropriate technologies to avoid environmental problems and promote sustainable development and the bioeconomy, especially considering that this is a megadiverse country, are of the utmost relevance. For this reason, we explored a low-cost pyrolysis route for valorizing cocoa pod husks from Ecuador's Amazonian region, aiming at producing pyrolysis liquids (bio-oil), biochar, and gas as an alternative chemical source from cocoa residues in the absence of hydrogen. Downstream catalytic processing of hot pyrolysis vapors using Mo- and/or Ni-based catalysts and standalone γ-Al2O3 was applied for obtaining upgraded bio-oils in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor, at 500 °C in a N2 atmosphere. As a result, bimetallic catalysts increased the bio-oil aqueous phase yield by 6.6%, at the expense of the organic phase due to cracking reactions according to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results. Overall product yield remained constant, in comparison to pyrolysis without any downstream catalytic treatment (bio-oil ∼39.0-40.0 wt % and permanent gases 24.6-26.6 wt %). Ex situ reduced and passivated MoNi/γ-Al2O3 led to the lowest organic phase and highest aqueous phase yields. The product distribution between the two liquid phases was also modified by the catalytic upgrading experiments carried out, according to heteronuclear single-quantum correlation (HSQC), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), and NMR analyses. The detailed composition distribution reported here shows the chemical production potential of this residue and serves as a starting point for subsequent valorizing technologies and/or processes in the food and nonfood industry beneficiating society, environment, economy, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanet Villasana
- Biomass
Laboratory, Biomass to Resources Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena 150150, Ecuador
| | - Sabino Armenise
- Centro
de Investigación Cepsa, Alcalá de Henares, Av. Punto com, Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Javier Ábrego
- Grupo
de Procesos Termoquímicos, Instituto Universitario de Investigación
en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - María Atienza-Martínez
- Grupo
de Procesos Termoquímicos, Instituto Universitario de Investigación
en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Karina Hablich
- Grupo
de Reactores Químicos y Procesos para la Valorización
de Recursos Renovables, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics
(InaMat2), Universidad Pública de
Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Fernando Bimbela
- Grupo
de Reactores Químicos y Procesos para la Valorización
de Recursos Renovables, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics
(InaMat2), Universidad Pública de
Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cornejo
- Grupo
de Diseño, Síntesis Evaluación y Optimización
de Nuevas Sustancias de Interés, Institute for Advanced Materials
and Mathematics (InaMat2), Universidad Pública
de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona E-31006, Spain
| | - Luis M. Gandía
- Grupo
de Reactores Químicos y Procesos para la Valorización
de Recursos Renovables, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics
(InaMat2), Universidad Pública de
Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona 31006, Spain
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2
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Hydrodesulfurization on Supported CoMoS2 Catalysts Ex Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate: Effects of Support Morphology and Al Modification Method. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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Lu X, Guo H, Chen J, Wang D, Lee AF, Gu X. Selective Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Lignin to Alkyl Guaiacols Over NiMo/Al-MCM-41. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200099. [PMID: 35192235 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Efficient deoxygenation of lignin-derived bio-oils is central to their adoption as precursors to sustainable liquid fuels in place of current fossil resources. In-situ catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH), using isopropanol and formic acid as solvent and in-situ hydrogen sources, was demonstrated over metal-doped and promoted MCM-41 for the depolymerization of oxygen-rich (35.85 wt%) lignin from Chinese fir sawdust (termed O-lignin). A NiMo/Al-MCM-41 catalyst conferred an optimal lignin-derived oil yield of 61.6 wt% with a comparatively low molecular weight (Mw =542 g mol-1 , Mn =290 g mol-1 ) and H/C ratio of 1.39. High selectivity to alkyl guaiacols was attributed to efficient in-situ hydrogen transfer from isopropanol/formic acid donors, and a synergy between surface acid sites in the Al-doped MCM-41 support and reducible Ni/Mo species, which improved the chemical stability and quality of the resulting lignin-derived bio-oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Haoquan Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Duoying Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Adam F Lee
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
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4
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Blanco E, Carrales-Alvarado D, Belen Dongil A, Escalona N. Effect of the Support Functionalization of Mono- and Bimetallic Ni/Co Supported on Graphene in Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Blanco
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Gestión de la Construcción, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436 Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436 Santiago, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Nuclei on Catalytic Process towards Sustainable Chemistry (CSC), 8320000 Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ana Belen Dongil
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, España
| | - Néstor Escalona
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436 Santiago, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Nuclei on Catalytic Process towards Sustainable Chemistry (CSC), 8320000 Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436 Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436 Santiago, Chile
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5
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Smirnov MY, Kalinkin AV, Salanov AN, Sorokin AM, Bukhtiyarov VI. Room-Temperature Interaction of Nitrogen Dioxide with Rhodium Nanoparticles Supported on the Surface of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG). KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158421050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Wang N, Liu J, Tang L, Wei X, Wang C, Li X, Ma L. Facile Synthesis of Rh Anchored Uniform Spherical COF for One-Pot Tandem Reductive Amination of Aldehydes to Secondary Imines. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24966-24975. [PMID: 34008944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of transition metal-based heterogeneous catalysts for economical and efficient synthesis of secondary imines remains both desirable and challenging. Herein, for the first time, we present two kinds of Rh nanoparticle anchored uniform spherical COF heterogeneous catalysts with well-defined crystalline structures for the effective one-pot tandem reductive amination of aldehydes on a gram scale. This reaction is carried out using ammonia as a nitrogen source and hydrogen gas as the source of hydrogen, which is not only an atom-economical but also an environmentally friendly process for the selective production of secondary imines. In particular, in the presence of the better-designed Rh nanoparticles anchored COF2 catalyst, the starting material aldehydes could be fully converted (99% conversion), and 95% selectivity of N-benzylidene(phenyl)methanamine is obtained under mild reaction conditions (2 MPa of H2 and 90 °C). Additionally, the Rh/COF2 catalyst is also applied to a variety of substituted aromatic aldehyde compounds, manifesting good yields in corresponding secondary imines. This work not only expands the COF family but also offers economical and effective access to acquire various aromatic amine targets, especially secondary imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Long Tang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xinjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Longlong Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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7
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Guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation over Pd catalyst with mesoporous ZSM-5 support synthesized by solid-state crystallization. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Zhu T, Song H, Li F, Chen Y. Preparation of NiCu Alloy Catalyst for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Benzofuran. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Spray pyrolysis synthesis of bimetallic NiMo/Al2O3–TiO2 catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol: Effects of bimetallic composition and reduction temperature. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Factors influencing selectivity in the liquid-phase phenol hydrodeoxygenation over ZSM-5 supported Pt/Ir and Pt+Ir catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Abstract
The delay in the energy transition, focused in the replacement of fossil diesel with biodiesel, is mainly caused by the need of reducing the costs associated to the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol. This reaction, on an industrial scale, presents several problems associated with the glycerol generated during the process. The costs to eliminate this glycerol have to be added to the implicit cost of using seed oil as raw material. Recently, several alternative methods to convert vegetable oils into high quality diesel fuels, which avoid the glycerol generation, are being under development, such as Gliperol, DMC-Biod, or Ecodiesel. Besides, there are renewable diesel fuels known as “green diesel”, obtained by several catalytic processes (cracking or pyrolysis, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreating) of vegetable oils and which exhibit a lot of similarities with fossil fuels. Likewise, it has also been addressed as a novel strategy, the use of straight vegetable oils in blends with various plant-based sources such as alcohols, vegetable oils, and several organic compounds that are renewable and biodegradable. These plant-based sources are capable of achieving the effective reduction of the viscosity of the blends, allowing their use in combustion ignition engines. The aim of this review is to evaluate the real possibilities that conventional biodiesel has in order to success as the main biofuel for the energy transition, as well as the use of alternative biofuels that can take part in the energy transition in a successful way.
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12
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Valorization of coal treatment residues as a host matrix of nanosized nickel, copper and zinc ferrites. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-019-01596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Dai X, Song H, Song H, Gong J, Li F, Liu Y. Reactivity and kinetic studies of benzofuran hydrodeoxygenation over a Ni2P-O/MCM-41 catalyst. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1468678319825909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A nickel phosphide hydrodeoxygenation catalyst (Ni2P-O/MCM-41) was prepared using a new synthetic method. The as-prepared catalyst was evaluated in the hydrodeoxygenation of benzofuran, and the effects of reaction temperature, pressure, and the H2/liquid ratio were investigated. A pseudo first-order model was employed to describe the reaction kinetics of benzofuran hydrodeoxygenation over the Ni2P-O/MCM-41 catalyst. The reaction rate constants ( k1– k5) at different temperatures were determined according to this model. At 533 K, the conversion of 2-ethylphenol in to ethylbenzene began to increase dramatically, and the yield of O-free product, ethylcyclohexane, started to increase rapidly. At 573 K, 3.0 MPa, and a H2/liquid ratio of 500 (V/V), the conversion of benzofuran over Ni2P-O/MCM-41 reached 93%, and the combined yield of O-free products was 91%. Contact time analysis indicated that demethylation was not favored over the Ni2P-O/MCM-41 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueya Dai
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Hua Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Hualin Song
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gong
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiu Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, P.R. China
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14
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Kanda Y, Chiba T, Aranai R, Yasuzawa T, Ueno R, Toyao T, Kato K, Obora Y, Shimizu KI, Uemichi Y. Catalytic Activity of Rhodium Phosphide for Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.181044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Kanda
- Applied Chemistry Research Unit, College of Environmental Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Taiyo Chiba
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Ryusei Aranai
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiya Yasuzawa
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Ren Ueno
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyao
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kato
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yasushi Obora
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Shimizu
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshio Uemichi
- Applied Chemistry Research Unit, College of Environmental Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
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15
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Templis CC, Revelas CJ, Papastylianou AA, Papayannakos NG. Phenol Hydrodeoxygenation over a Reduced and Sulfided NiMo/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b06465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysovalantis C. Templis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Heroon Polytechniou Street, Gr-15780 Zografos, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos J. Revelas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Heroon Polytechniou Street, Gr-15780 Zografos, Athens, Greece
| | - Anestis A. Papastylianou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Heroon Polytechniou Street, Gr-15780 Zografos, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos G. Papayannakos
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Heroon Polytechniou Street, Gr-15780 Zografos, Athens, Greece
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16
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Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12050809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation provides an overview of the current technology related to the green diesel, from the classification and chemistry of the available biomass feedstocks to the possible production technologies and up to the final fuel properties and their effect in modern compression ignition internal combustion engines. Various biomass feedstocks are reviewed paying attention to their specific impact on the production of green diesel. Then, the most prominent production technologies are presented such as the hydro-processing of triglycerides, the upgrading of sugars and starches into C15–C18 saturated hydrocarbons, the upgrading of bio-oil derived by the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials and the “Biomass-to-Liquid” (BTL) technology which combines the production of syngas (H2 and CO) from the gasification of biomass with the production of synthetic green diesel through the Fischer-Tropsch process. For each of these technologies the involved chemistry is discussed and the necessary operation conditions for the maximum production yield and the best possible fuel properties are reviewed. Also, the relevant research for appropriate catalysts and catalyst supports is briefly presented. The fuel properties of green diesel are then discussed in comparison to the European and US Standards, to petroleum diesel and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and, finally their effect on the compression ignition engines are analyzed. The analysis concludes that green diesel is an excellent fuel for combustion engines with remarkable properties and significantly lower emissions.
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17
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Selective Conversion of Phenol in a Subcritical Water Medium Using γ-Al2O3 Supported Ni–Co Bimetallic Catalyst. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective conversion of phenolic materials is a well-adopted solution to upgrade lignin-based bioresources into high-value bio-oil in biomass refinery industries. This study focused on four main aspects: characterization, selection of catalysts, reaction dynamics behaviors, and mathematical modelling. A model lignin, that is, phenol, was selectively transformed into cyclohexanol by using the prepared Ni–xCo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in a subcritical water medium. The hydrogenation results showed that when using 15 wt% of Ni–3Co/γ-Al2O3 particles, both total mole yield and selectivity of cyclohexanol could reach approximately 80%, which further indicated that the particles are suitable for catalytic hydrogenation of phenol in subcritical water. Moreover, a reaction kinetics model was developed by chemical reaction kinetics and least squares regression analysis, the robustness and predictability of which were also verified.
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18
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Biochars and Their Use as Transesterification Catalysts for Biodiesel Production: A Short Review. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel can be a significant alternative for diesel. Usually, it is produced through transesterification with a base catalyst. Using heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification, the process can be more efficient. Among the possible catalysts that can be used, biochars combine high performance for transesterification and valorization of waste biomass. Biochars are cheap materials, and are easy to activate through chemical treatment with acid or base solutions. In this short review, the application of biochar as solid heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of lipids to produce biodiesel is discussed.
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19
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Carbon Aerogel-Supported Nickel and Iron for Gasification Gas Cleaning. Part I: Ammonia Adsorption. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8090347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass gasification is a promising way to obtain “green energy”, but the gas composition makes it unsuitable for use in traditional technologies (i.e., IC engine). Gas purification over nickel and/or iron catalysts is an attractive alternative. Cellulose-based carbon aerogels (CAGs) have shown suitable physical chemical properties for use as catalyst supports. In this work, nickel and iron catalysts are supported on CAG made from cellulose microfibers. Microfibers were impregnated with (NH4)2SO4 to increase the mass yield. Carbonization was evaluated at different heating rates, maximum temperatures, and dwell times to generate CAGs. Resulting chars were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The CAG with better properties (specific surface, pore size, thermal resistance) was impregnated with the metal precursor salt via incipient wetness and treated with H2. Catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XRD, N2 adsorption, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Ammonia adsorption was studied over CAG and catalysts to estimate the thermodynamic parameters. The impregnation with ((NH4)2SO4 improves thermal resistance of the char obtained from carbonization. The catalysts exhibit higher adsorption capacity than CAG (without metal), indicating chemical interaction between ammonia and metals. The metal-ammonia interaction is stronger on Fe than on Ni catalyst, which is consistent with reported theoretical calculations.
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20
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Li C, Wang D, Wang Y, Li G, Hu G, Wu S, Cao Z, Zhang K. Enhanced catalytic activity of the nanostructured Co-W-B film catalysts for hydrogen evolution from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 524:25-31. [PMID: 29627669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, nanostructured Co-W-B films are successfully synthesized on the foam sponge by electroless plating method and employed as the catalysts with enhanced catalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) at room temperature. The particle size of the as-prepared Co-W-B film catalysts is varied by adjusting the depositional pH value to identify the most suitable particle size for hydrogen evolution of AB hydrolysis. The Co-W-B film catalyst with the particle size of about 67.3 nm shows the highest catalytic activity and can reach a hydrogen generation rate of 3327.7 mL min-1 gcat-1 at 298 K. The activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction of AB is determined to be 32.2 kJ mol-1. Remarkably, the as-obtained Co-W-B film is also a reusable catalyst preserving 78.4% of their initial catalytic activity even after 5 cycles in hydrolysis of AB at room temperature. Thus, the enhanced catalytic activity illustrates that the Co-W-B film is a promising catalyst for AB hydrolytic dehydrogenation in fuel cells and the related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Light Industry College, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China; Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, PR China.
| | - Guode Li
- Experimental Center, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Guijuan Hu
- Light Industry College, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Shiwei Wu
- Experimental Center, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Cao
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, PR China
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21
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Lazaridis PA, Fotopoulos AP, Karakoulia SA, Triantafyllidis KS. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin With Conventional, Mesoporous and Nanosized ZSM-5 Zeolite for the Production of Alkyl-Phenols and Aromatics. Front Chem 2018; 6:295. [PMID: 30073162 PMCID: PMC6058026 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The valorization of lignin that derives as by product in various biomass conversion processes has become a major research and technological objective. The potential of the production of valuable mono-aromatics (BTX and others) and (alkyl)phenols by catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin is investigated in this work by the use of ZSM-5 zeolites with different acidic and porosity characteristics. More specifically, conventional microporous ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 11.5, 25, 40), nano-sized (≤20 nm, by direct synthesis) and mesoporous (9 nm, by mild alkaline treatment) ZSM-5 zeolites were tested in the fast pyrolysis of a softwood kraft lignin at 400-600°C on a Py/GC-MS system and a fixed-bed reactor unit. The composition of lignin (FT-IR, 2D HSQC NMR) was correlated with the composition of the thermal (non-catalytic) pyrolysis oil, while the effect of pyrolysis temperature and catalyst-to-lignin (C/L) ratio, as well as of the Si/Al ratio, acidity, micro/mesoporosity and nano-size of ZSM-5, on bio-oil composition was thoroughly investigated. It was shown that the conventional microporous ZSM-5 zeolites are more selective toward mono-aromatics while the nano-sized and mesoporous ZSM-5 exhibited also high selectivity for (alkyl)phenols. However, the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite exhibited the lowest yield of organic bio-oil and highest production of water, coke and non-condensable gases compared to the conventional microporous and mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stamatia A. Karakoulia
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos S. Triantafyllidis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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Dai X, Song H, Yan Z, Li F, Chen Y, Wang X, Yuan D, Zhang J, Wang Y. Effect of preparation temperature on the structures and hydrodeoxygenation performance of Ni2P/C catalysts prepared by decomposition of hypophosphites. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04628j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for preparing Ni2P/C-x catalysts was proposed. The structure and hydrodeoxygenation performance of Ni2P/C-x catalysts were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueya Dai
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing 163318
- China
| | - Hua Song
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing 163318
- China
| | - Zijin Yan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing 163318
- China
| | - Feng Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing 163318
- China
| | - Yanguang Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing 163318
- China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing 163318
- China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing 163318
- China
| | - Jiaojing Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing 163318
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing 163318
- China
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