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Fani K, Lycourghiotis S, Bourikas K, Kordouli E. Influence of Natural Mordenite Activation Mode on Its Efficiency as Support of Nickel Catalysts for Biodiesel Upgrading to Renewable Diesel. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101603. [PMID: 37242019 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, natural mordenite originated from volcanic soils in Greek islands, activated using HCl solution and HCl solution followed by NaOH solution, was used as support for preparing two metallic nickel catalysts (30 wt.% Ni). The catalysts were thoroughly characterized (XRF, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, XRD, TEM, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD) and evaluated for biodiesel upgrading to green (renewable) diesel. Double activation of natural mordenite optimized its supporting characteristics, finally resulting in a supported nickel catalyst with (i) enhanced specific surface area (124 m2 g-1) and enhanced mean pore diameter (14 nm) facilitating mass transfer; (ii) easier nickel phase reduction; (iii) enhanced Ni0 dispersion and thus high active surface; (iv) balanced population of moderate and strong acid sites; (v) resistance to sintering; and (vi) low coke formation. Over the corresponding catalyst, the production of a liquid consisting of 94 wt.% renewable diesel was achieved, after 9 h of reaction at 350 °C and 40 bar H2 pressure, in a semi-batch reactor under solvent-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Fani
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18, 26335 Patras, Greece
| | - Sotiris Lycourghiotis
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18, 26335 Patras, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Bourikas
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18, 26335 Patras, Greece
| | - Eleana Kordouli
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18, 26335 Patras, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Makarouni D, Kordulis C, Dourtoglou V. Solvent-Driven Selectivity on the One-Step Catalytic Synthesis of Manoyl Oxide Based on a Novel and Sustainable “Zeolite Catalyst–Solvent” System. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractApplication of a novel “zeolite catalyst–solvent” system for the sustainable one-step synthesis of the terpenoid manoyl oxide, the potential precursor of forskolin and ambrox. Manoyl oxide high-yield and large-scale production over a zeolite catalyst has been infeasible so far, while this system results in 90% yields at 135 °C and atmospheric pressure. Substrate-controlled methodology is used to achieve selectivity. Solvent-driven catalysis is shown, as the activation energy barrier decreases in the presence of appropriate solvents, being 62.7 and 93.46 kJmol−1 for a glyme-type solvent and dodecane, respectively. Finally, catalyst acidity is key parameter for the process.
Graphic Abstract
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Mineral Montmorillonite Valorization by Developing Ni and Mo-Ni Catalysts for Third-Generation Green Diesel Production. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030643. [PMID: 35163908 PMCID: PMC8838441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Four Ni catalysts and one Mo–Ni catalyst supported on montmorillonite were synthesized, characterized by various techniques and evaluated, under solvent-free conditions, for the production of green diesel from waste cooking oil. The optimum Ni content was found to be 20 wt.%. The addition of 2 wt.% Mo to the catalyst resulted in a considerable increase in the amount of green diesel hydrocarbons. The Mo species, moreover, led to a decrease in the (C15 + C17)/(C16 + C18) ratio, which is beneficial from the viewpoint of carbon atom economy. The promoting action of Mo was mainly attributed to the synergy between the oxygen vacancies on the surface of the well-dispersed Mo(V) and Mo(VI) oxides and the neighboring Ni0 sites. The optimum reaction conditions, for achieving a proportion of liquid product in the green diesel hydrocarbons (C15–18) equal to 96 wt.%, were found to be 350 °C, 3 g of catalyst per 100 mL of waste cooking oil and 13 h reaction time. These conditions correspond to an LHSV of 2.5 h−1, a value that is considered quite reliable from the viewpoint of industrial applications. Thus, the cheap and abundant mineral montmorillonite is proved a promising support for developing efficient Ni–Mo catalysts for green diesel production.
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Fani K, Lycourghiotis S, Bourikas K, Kordouli E. Biodiesel Upgrading to Renewable Diesel over Nickel Supported on Natural Mordenite Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Fani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Sotiris Lycourghiotis
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18 GR26335, Patras, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Bourikas
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18 GR26335, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleana Kordouli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18 GR26335, Patras, Greece
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Tomar R, Jain S, Yadav P, Bajaj T, Mohajer F, Ziarani GM. Conversion of Limonene over Heterogeneous Catalysis: An Overview. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:414-425. [PMID: 34429049 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210824101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The natural terpene limonene is widely found in nature. The (R)-limonene (the most abundant enantiomer) is present in the essential oils of lemon, orange, and other citrus fruits, while the (S)-limonene is found in peppermint and the racemate in turpentine oil. Limonene is a low-cost, low toxicity biodegradable terpene present in agricultural wastes derived from citrus peels. The products obtained from the conversion of limonene are valuable compounds widely used as additives for food, cosmetics, or pharmaceuticals. The conversion of limonene to produce different products has been the subject of intense research, mainly with the objective to improve catalytic systems. This review focused on the application of heterogeneous catalysts in the catalytic conversion of limonene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Tomar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana-122505. India
| | - Swati Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007. India
| | - Purnima Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007. India
| | - Tanima Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana-122505. India
| | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007. India
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The Limonene Biorefinery: From Extractive Technologies to Its Catalytic Upgrading into p-Cymene. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Limonene is a renewable cyclic monoterpene that is easily obtainable from citrus peel and it is commonly used as a nutraceutical ingredient, antibacterial, biopesticide and green extraction solvent as well as additive in healthcare, fragrance and food and beverage industries for its characteristic lemon-like smell. Indeed, the lack of toxicity makes limonene a promising bio-alternative for the development of a wide range of effective products in modern biorefineries. As a consequence, industrial demand largely exceeds supply by now. Limonene can be also used as starting substrate for the preparation of building block chemicals, including p-cymene that is an important intermediate in several industrial catalytic processes. In this contribution, after reviewing recent advances in the recovery of limonene from citrus peel and residues with particular attention to benign-by-design extractive processes, we focus on the latest results in its dehydrogenation to p-cymene via heterogeneous catalysis. Indeed, the latest reports evidence that the selective production of p-cymene still remains a scientific and technological challenge since, in order to drive the isomerization and dehydrogenation of limonene, an optimal balance between the catalyst nature/content and the reaction conditions is needed.
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Moser BR, Jackson MA, Doll KM. Production of Industrially Useful and Renewable
p‐
Cymene by Catalytic Dehydration and Isomerization of Perillyl Alcohol. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R. Moser
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bio‐Oils Research Unit 1815 N. University Street, Peoria IL 61604 USA
| | - Michael A. Jackson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Renewable Products Technology Research Unit 1815 N. University Street, Peoria IL 61604 USA
| | - Kenneth M. Doll
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bio‐Oils Research Unit 1815 N. University Street, Peoria IL 61604 USA
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Lycourghiotis S, Makarouni D, Kordouli E, Bourikas K, Kordulis C, Dourtoglou V. Transformation of limonene into high added value products over acid activated natural montmorillonite. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Green Diesel Production over Nickel-Alumina Nanostructured Catalysts Promoted by Copper. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13143707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of nickel–alumina catalysts promoted by copper containing 1, 2, and 5 wt. % Cu and 59, 58, and 55 wt. % Ni, respectively, (symbols: 59Ni1CuAl, 58Ni2CuAl, 55Ni5CuAl) and a non-promoted catalyst containing 60 wt. % Ni (symbol: 60NiAl) were prepared following a one-step co-precipitation method. They were characterized using various techniques (N2 sorption isotherms, XRD, SEM-EDX, XPS, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD) and evaluated in the selective deoxygenation of sunflower oil using a semi-batch reactor (310 °C, 40 bar of hydrogen, 96 mL/min hydrogen flow rate, and 100 mL/1 g reactant to catalyst ratio). The severe control of the co-precipitation procedure and the direct reduction (without previous calcination) of precursor samples resulted in mesoporous nano-structured catalysts (most of the pores in the range 3–5 nm) exhibiting a high surface area (192–285 m2 g−1). The promoting action of copper is demonstrated for the first time for catalysts with a very small Cu/Ni weight ratio (0.02–0.09). The effect is more pronounced in the catalyst with the medium copper content (58Ni2CuAl) where a 17.2% increase of green diesel content in the liquid products has been achieved with respect to the non-promoted catalyst. The copper promoting action was attributed to the increase in the nickel dispersion as well as to the formation of a Ni-Cu alloy being very rich in nickel. A portion of the Ni-Cu alloy nanoparticles is covered by Ni0 and Cu0 nanoparticles in the 59Ni1CuAl and 55Ni5CuAl catalysts, respectively. The maximum promoting action observed in the 58Ni2CuAl catalyst was attributed to the finding that, in this catalyst, there is no considerable masking of the Ni-Cu alloy by Ni0 or Cu0. The relatively low performance of the 55Ni5CuAl catalyst with respect to the other promoted catalysts was attributed, in addition to the partial coverage of Ni-Cu alloy by Cu0, to the remarkably low weak/moderate acidity and relatively high strong acidity exhibited by this catalyst. The former favors selective deoxygenation whereas the latter favors coke formation. Copper addition does not affect the selective-deoxygenation reactions network, which proceeds predominantly via the dehydration-decarbonylation route over all the catalysts studied.
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Mekkaoui AA, Aberkouks A, Fkhar L, Ait Ali M, El Firdoussi L, El Houssame S. Novel palladium nanoparticles supported on mesoporous natural phosphate: Catalytic ability for the preparation of aromatic hydrocarbons from natural terpenes. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Abdelkader Mekkaoui
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Modélisation et Sciences de l'environnement Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Khouribga B. P 145 Khouribga 25000 Morocco
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia Laboratoire de chimie de Coordination et de Catalyse 2390 Marrakech BP 40001 Morocco
| | - Abderrazak Aberkouks
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia Laboratoire de chimie de Coordination et de Catalyse 2390 Marrakech BP 40001 Morocco
| | - Lahcen Fkhar
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia Laboratoire de chimie de Coordination et de Catalyse 2390 Marrakech BP 40001 Morocco
| | - Mustapha Ait Ali
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia Laboratoire de chimie de Coordination et de Catalyse 2390 Marrakech BP 40001 Morocco
| | - Larbi El Firdoussi
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia Laboratoire de chimie de Coordination et de Catalyse 2390 Marrakech BP 40001 Morocco
| | - Soufiane El Houssame
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Modélisation et Sciences de l'environnement Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Khouribga B. P 145 Khouribga 25000 Morocco
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Green Solvents for the Extraction of High Added-Value Compounds from Agri-food Waste. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-019-09206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Transformation of dl Limonene into Aromatic Compounds Using Supported Heteropolyacid Catalysts. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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