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Hou P, Su H, Jin K, Li Q, Yan W. Zirconium Phosphate-Pillared Zeolite MCM-36 for Green Production of γ-Valerolactone from Levulinic Acid via Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation. Molecules 2024; 29:3779. [PMID: 39202858 PMCID: PMC11357094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
γ-valerolactone (GVL), derived from biomass, is a crucial platform compound for biofuel synthesis and various industrial applications. Current methods for synthesizing GVL involve expensive catalysts and high-pressure hydrogen, prompting the search for greener alternatives. This study focuses on a novel zirconium phosphate (ZrP)-pillared zeolite MCM-36 derivative catalyst for converting levulinic acid (LA) to GVL using alcohol as a hydrogen source. The incorporation of ZrP significantly contributes to mesoporosity and greatly enhances the acidity of the catalysts. Additionally, we employed 31P MAS NMR to comprehensively investigate the influence of phosphorus species on both the acidity and the catalytic conversion of LA to GVL. By adjusting the Zr-to-P ratios, we synthesized catalysts with enhanced acidity, achieving high conversion of LA and selectivity for GVL. The catalyst exhibited high recyclability, showing only minor deactivation over the course of five cycles. Furthermore, the catalyst was successfully applied to the one-pot conversion of furfural to GVL, showcasing its versatility in biomass conversion. This study highlights the potential of the MCM-ZrP1 catalyst for sustainable biomass conversion and offers insights for future research in renewable energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenfu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (P.H.); (H.S.); (K.J.); (Q.L.)
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Li F, Yang R, Tian Z, Du Z, Dai J, Wang X, Li N, Zhang J. Microwave-Assisted One Pot Cascade Conversion of Furfural to γ-Valerolactone over Sc(OTf) 3. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300950. [PMID: 37392150 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is considered as a star biochemical which can be used as a green solvent, fuel additive and versatile organic intermediate. In this study, metal triflate (M(OTf)n ) was utilized as the catalyst for one-pot transformation of furfural (FF) to GVL in alcohol media under microwave irradiation. Alcohol plays multiple functions including solvent, hydrogen donor and alcoholysis reagent in this cascade reaction process. And process efficiency of GVL production from FF upgrading is strongly related to the effective charge density of selected catalyst and the reduction potential of selected alcohol. Complex (OTf)n -M-O(H)R, presenting both Brønsted acid and Lewis acid, is the real catalytic active species in this cascade reaction process. Among various catalysts, Sc(OTf)3 exhibited the best catalytic activity for GVL production. Various reaction parameters including the Sc(OTf)3 amount, reaction temperature and time were optimized by the response surface methodology with the central composite design (RSM-CCD). Up to 81.2 % GVL yield and 100 % FF conversion were achieved at 143.9 °C after 8.1 h in the presence of 0.16 mmol catalyst. This catalyst exhibits high reusability and can be regenerated by oxidative degradation of humins. In addition, a plausible cascade reaction network was proposed based on the distribution of product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukun Li
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Ronghe Yang
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tian
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Ziting Du
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Jinhang Dai
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Xingmin Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
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Hayes G, Laurel M, MacKinnon D, Zhao T, Houck HA, Becer CR. Polymers without Petrochemicals: Sustainable Routes to Conventional Monomers. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2609-2734. [PMID: 36227737 PMCID: PMC9999446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Access to a wide range of plastic materials has been rationalized by the increased demand from growing populations and the development of high-throughput production systems. Plastic materials at low costs with reliable properties have been utilized in many everyday products. Multibillion-dollar companies are established around these plastic materials, and each polymer takes years to optimize, secure intellectual property, comply with the regulatory bodies such as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals and the Environmental Protection Agency and develop consumer confidence. Therefore, developing a fully sustainable new plastic material with even a slightly different chemical structure is a costly and long process. Hence, the production of the common plastic materials with exactly the same chemical structures that does not require any new registration processes better reflects the reality of how to address the critical future of sustainable plastics. In this review, we have highlighted the very recent examples on the synthesis of common monomers using chemicals from sustainable feedstocks that can be used as a like-for-like substitute to prepare conventional petrochemical-free thermoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Hayes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Laurel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Dan MacKinnon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Tieshuai Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes A. Houck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Advanced Study, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
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Wang J, Xiang Z, Huang Z, Xu Q, Yin D. Recent advances on bifunctional catalysts for one-pot conversion of furfural to γ-valerolactone. Front Chem 2022; 10:959572. [PMID: 36017159 PMCID: PMC9395647 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.959572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is one of the most valuable compounds derived from furfural (FAL), which has been industrially produced from agricultural byproducts like corn cobs. It is extremely challenging to synthesize GVL from FAL efficiently via a one-pot cascade reaction due to the need for multiple active sites in a single pot. By focusing on the aspects of one-pot synthesis of GVL from FAL, the authors aim to shed light on the rational design and utilization of environmentally friendly bifunctional catalysts with high efficiency in this reaction. Perspectives regarding future research opportunities in bi- or multi-functional catalysts for one-pot GVL synthesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiong Xu
- *Correspondence: Qiong Xu, ; Dulin Yin,
| | - Dulin Yin
- *Correspondence: Qiong Xu, ; Dulin Yin,
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Highly Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol over Mesoporous Zr-Containing Hybrids with 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid as a Ligand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159221. [PMID: 35954579 PMCID: PMC9368220 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural to furfuryl alcohol under mild conditions is an attractive topic in biorefinery. Herein, mesoporous Zr-containing hybrids (Zr-hybrids) with a high surface area (281.9−291.3 m2/g) and large pore volume (0.49−0.74 cm3/g) were prepared using the biomass-derived 5-sulfosalicylic acid as a ligand, and they were proven to be highly efficient for the Meerwein−Ponndorf−Verley reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol at 110 °C, with the highest furfuryl alcohol yield reaching up to 97.8%. Characterizations demonstrated that sulfonic and carboxyl groups in 5-sulfosalicylic acid molecules were coordinated with zirconium ions, making zirconium ions fully dispersed, thus leading to the formation of very fine zirconia particles with the diameter of <2 nm in mesoporous Zr-hybrids. The interaction between the 5-sulfosalicylic acid ligands and zirconium ions endowed mesoporous Zr-hybrids with relatively higher acid strength but lower base strength, which was beneficial for the selective reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. A recycling study was performed over a certain mesoporous Zr-hybrid, namely meso-Zr-SA15, demonstrating that the yield and selectivity of furfuryl alcohol remained almost unchanged during the five consecutive reaction cycles. This study provides an optional method to prepare hybrid catalysts for biomass refining by using biomass-derived feedstock.
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Selective Synthesis of Levulinic Ester from Furfural Catalyzed by Hierarchical Zeolites. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Furfural is a platform molecule that can be catalytically converted using a cascade series of reactions into levulinic esters, essential compounds used as fuel additives. Bifunctional catalysts containing Lewis and Brønsted acid sites such as zeolites are commonly used for these conversions. However, microporous zeolites often present diffusional restriction due to the size similarity of furfural and other molecules to the zeolites’ micropores. Thus, incorporating mesopores in these materials through post-synthetic protocols is a promising pathway to circumventing these limitations. This study presents the creation of hierarchical beta and mordenite using Si or Al removal and their employment in the furfural conversion to isopropyl levulinate (PL). Mordenite zeolite did not produce satisfactory mesopores, while the beta was more efficient in generating them by both acid and alkaline treatments. Beta zeolite treated in an alkaline solution presented larger mesopores (14.9 and 34.0 nm), maintaining a total acidity value close to its parent zeolite and a higher Lewis/Brønsted ratio. The combination of these features led to an improved diffusion of bulkier products and the highest furfural conversion (94%) and PL selectivity (90%), suggesting that a post-modification of beta zeolites produced efficient catalysts for upgrading abundantly available furfural.
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Sun W, Li H, Wang X, Liu A. Cascade Upgrading of Biomass-Derived Furfural to γ-Valerolactone Over Zr/Hf-Based Catalysts. Front Chem 2022; 10:863674. [PMID: 35321478 PMCID: PMC8934881 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.863674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass feedstocks are promising candidates of renewable clean energy. The development and utilization of biological energy is in line with the concept of sustainable development and circular economy. As an important platform chemical, γ-valerolactone (GVL) is often used as green solvent and biofuel additive. Regarding this, the efficient synthesis of GVL from biomass derivative furfural (FF) has attracted wide attention recently, However, suitable catalyst with appropriate acid-base sites is required due to the complex reaction progress. In this Mini Review, the research progress of catalytic synthesis of GVL from furfural by Zr/Hf-based catalysts was reviewed. The different effects of Lewis acid-base and Brønsted acid sites in the catalysts on each steps in the reaction process were discussed firstly. Then the effects of regulation of acid-base sites in the catalysts was also studied. Finally, the advantages and challenges of Zr/Hf-based catalysts in FF converted to GVL system were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- School of Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, China
| | - Anqiu Liu
- School of Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, China
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Li M, Liu Y, Lin X, Tan J, Yang S, Li H. One-step upgrading of bio-based furfural to γ-valerolactone via HfCl 4-mediated bifunctional catalysis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35415-35424. [PMID: 35493184 PMCID: PMC9043276 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05637a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is an attractive biomass-derived platform molecule that plays an important role in the production of biofuels and biopolymers. The synthesis of GVL from renewable biomass and its derivatives has great application prospects but also presents challenges due to the multiple conversion steps involved. Here, a HfCl4-mediated acid-base bifunctional catalytic system was developed, which was demonstrated to be efficient for upgrading furfural (FF) to GVL in a single pot with unprecedented performance. The Lewis acidity of Hf4+ and moderate basicity of HfO(OH)2·xH2O, and strong Brønsted acidity of HCl in situ generated from HfCl4 hydrolysis were found to play a synergistic role in the cascade reaction processes, mainly contributing to the pronounced catalytic activity. The effects of the key reaction parameters, such as the catalyst dosage, reaction time, and temperature, on GVL production were optimized by response surface methodology. It is worth mentioning that the recovered catalyst after thermal treatment could be directly used for the hydrogen transfer processes, like FF-to-furfuryl alcohol conversion. This catalytic strategy opens a new avenue for the selective conversion of biomass feedstocks involving multiple steps and complex processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Xialing Lin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Jinyu Tan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
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Preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose catalyzed by chemical bond anchoring catalyst HfxZr1−xP/SiO2. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-01989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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