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Yue X, Li Y, Yang L, Sang D, Huang Z, Chen F. Sustainable asymmetric synthesis of diltiazem precursor enabled by recombinant Escherichia coli whole cells co-expressing an engineered ketoreductase and glucose dehydrogenase. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300250. [PMID: 38048389 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
As a key synthetic intermediate of the cardiovascular drug diltiazem, methyl (2R,3S)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) glycidate ((2R,3S)-MPGM) (1) is accessible via the ring closure of chlorohydrin (3S)-methyl 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propanoate ((3S)-2). We report the efficient reduction of methyl 2-chloro-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-propanoate (3) to (3S)-2 using an engineered enzyme SSCRM2 possessing 4.5-fold improved specific activity, which was obtained through the structure-guided site-saturation mutagenesis of the ketoreductase SSCR by reliving steric hindrance and undesired interactions. With the combined use of the co-expression fine-tuning strategy, a recombinant E. coli (pET28a-RBS-SSCRM2 /pACYCDuet-GDH), co-expressing SSCRM2 and glucose dehydrogenase, was constructed and optimized for protein expression. After optimizing the reaction conditions, whole-cell-catalyzed complete reduction of industrially relevant 300 g L-1 of 3 was realized, affording (3S)-2 with 99% ee and a space-time yield of 519.1 g∙L-1 ∙d-1 , representing the highest record for the biocatalytic synthesis of (3S)-2 reported to date. The E-factor of this biocatalytic synthesis was 24.5 (including water). Chiral alcohol (3S)-2 generated in this atom-economic synthesis was transformed to (2R,3S)-MPGM in 95% yield with 99% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yue
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yitong Li
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Health, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Di Sang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zedu Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Yue X, Li Y, Liu M, Sang D, Huang Z, Chen F. Biocatalytic dynamic reductive kinetic resolution of aryl α-chloro β-keto esters: divergent, stereocontrolled synthesis of diltiazem, clentiazem, and siratiazem. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9010-9013. [PMID: 35866670 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03102g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first systematic study of ketoreductase (KRED)-catalyzed dynamic reductive kinetic resolution (DYRKR) on aryl α-chloro β-keto esters was performed, and 15 structurally diverse chiral anti-aryl α-chloro β-hydroxy esters were synthesized in 74-98% isolated yields, along with moderate-to-excellent diastereoselectivity (up to >99 : 1 dr) and good-to-excellent enantioselectivity (mostly >99% ee). LfSDR1-catalyzed complete reduction of 100 g L-1 of substrate 6b at a ten-gram scale was achieved with a continuous fed-batch strategy, affording anti-(2S,3S)-1b, the key intermediate of diltiazem, in a record-breaking space-time yield of 96 g L-1 d-1. An eight-step synthesis of diltiazem, clentiazem, and siratiazem was accomplished in 32-45% overall yields, featuring this versatile biocatalytic reduction reaction as well as an efficient, green chlorination reaction in flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yue
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Yitong Li
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Minjie Liu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Di Sang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zedu Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China. .,Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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