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Luo Y, Zhao M, Wang Y. Mechanism and Origin of Stereoselectivity of N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed Transformation Reaction of Benzaldehyde with o-QDM as Key Intermediate: A DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 39024177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-bound ortho-quinodimethane, served as a nucleophile, has occupied an important position for constructing various all-carbon or heterocyclic compounds and attracted increasing attention for the functionalization of benzylic carbon of aromatic aldehydes, whereas the mechanistic studies on the generation and transformations of dienolate intermediate are rare. In the present study, the mechanism of activation/transformation of aldehyde catalyzed by NHC was theoretically studied using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Based on the calculations, the nucleophilic addition process is the stereoselectivity-determining step with RS-configured product being generated preferentially. Furthermore, non-covalent index (NCI) and atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analyses have been performed to disclose the origin of stereoselectivity, by which the larger number and stronger weak interactions are the key for stabilizing the low-energy transition state and thus leading to the stereoselectivity inducing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Luo
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital & Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
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Qiao H, Zhao K, Zhu X, Xu X, Wang S, Yang L, Wang C, Zhong L, Ma B, Yang D, Xing P, Liu G, Jiao M. Photocatalyzed C3-H Nitrosylation of Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine under Continuous Flow and External Photocatalyst-, Oxidant-, and Additive-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38753574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This study reports a protocol for the highly regioselective photocatalyzed C-H nitrosylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffolds at the C3 position under a combination of visible-light irradiation and continuous flow without any external photocatalyst. This protocol involves mild and safe conditions and shows good tolerance to air and water along with excellent functional group compatibility and site selectivity, generating various 3-nitrosoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in excellent yields under photocatalyst-, oxidant-, and additive-free conditions.Notably, the proposed nitrosylation reaction, which introduces the chromophore NO into imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffolds, occurs efficiently under visible-light irradiation without any additional photocatalyst owing to the intense light-absorption characteristics of the nitrosylation products. This study could guide future studies on the development of green organic-synthesis strategies with a wide variety of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Qiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Xilin Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Shixing Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Liting Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Zhong
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Baiwei Ma
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Dehong Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Peizhi Xing
- Henan Bio-based material Industry Research Institute Co., LTD, Puyang 457001, P. R. China
| | - Guoqun Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Mingli Jiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
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Li D, Wang Y. DFT study on isothiourea-catalyzed C-C bond activation of cyclobutenone: the role of the catalyst and the origin of stereoselectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2662-2669. [PMID: 38477235 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The organocatalytic C-C bond activation strategy stands out as a new reaction mode for the release of ring strain and expands the scope of organocatalysts. Thus, disclosing the role of the organocatalyst in the C-C bond cleavage process would be of interest. Here, an isothiourea-catalyzed C-C bond activation/cycloaddition reaction of cyclobutenone is selected as a computational model to uncover the role of the catalyst. Based on the calculations, the electrocyclic cleavage of cyclobutenone is calculated to be energetically more favorable than the isothiourea-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage, which is different from the NHC-catalyzed C-C bond activation of cyclobutenone. The computational results show that the isothiourea promotes the reaction by increasing the nucleophilicity of vinyl ketene and thus lowers the energy barrier of the cycloaddition process. Moreover, NCI and AIM analyses are performed to disclose the origin of stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daochang Li
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China.
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Liang P, Yang H, Wang Y. Elucidating the mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity in the activation/transformation of an acetic ester catalyzed by an N-heterocyclic carbene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4320-4328. [PMID: 38234281 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05581g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The activation of an ester by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis is an efficient and important approach for generating an NHC-bound enolate intermediate, an important active intermediate in the transformation of carbonyl compounds. Herein, we perform a theoretical study on the NHC-catalyzed activation and transformation reaction of an acetic ester in which the NHC-bound enolate intermediate is a key intermediate. Multiple activation and transformation pathways are proposed and analyzed to identify an energetically favorable pathway. The use of different substrates for the reaction is considered. When a chalcone substrate is used, [4+2] cycloaddition between the enolate intermediate and the chalcone is identified to be both the rate- and stereoselectivity-determining step for the reaction, with the R-configured product being generated as the major isomer. Noncovalent interaction (NCI) and atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analyses are performed to identify the origin of the stereoselectivity of the reaction, and a local reactivity analysis is conducted to explore substrate and catalyst effects on the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxin Liang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Haoran Yang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
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NHC Catalyzed β-Carbon functionalization of carboxylic esters towards formation of δ-Lactams: A mechanistic study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang Y, Gong K, Zhang H, Liu Y, Wei D. Mechanism of a cobalt-catalyzed hydroarylation reaction and origin of stereoselectivity. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00780k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the mechanism of a cobalt-catalyzed hydroarylation reaction between N-pyridylindole and 1,6-enynes and the origin of its stereoselectivity have been systematically investigated using the DFT calculation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, PR China
| | - Kaili Gong
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, PR China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry (Center of Green Catalysis), Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, PR China
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Bołt M, Hanek K, Żak P. Metal-free thioesterification of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with thiols. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00678b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, the synthesis of thioesters starting from enals and thiols has been performed in the presence of a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Bołt
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kamil Hanek
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Żak
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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