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Sabatino ME, Grondona E, De Paul AL. Architects of Pituitary Tumour Growth. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:924942. [PMID: 35837315 PMCID: PMC9273718 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.924942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary is a master gland responsible for the modulation of critical endocrine functions. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) display a considerable prevalence of 1/1106, frequently observed as benign solid tumours. PitNETs still represent a cause of important morbidity, due to hormonal systemic deregulation, with surgical, radiological or chronic treatment required for illness management. The apparent scarceness, uncommon behaviour and molecular features of PitNETs have resulted in a relatively slow progress in depicting their pathogenesis. An appropriate interpretation of different phenotypes or cellular outcomes during tumour growth is desirable, since histopathological characterization still remains the main option for prognosis elucidation. Improved knowledge obtained in recent decades about pituitary tumorigenesis has revealed that this process involves several cellular routes in addition to proliferation and death, with its modulation depending on many signalling pathways rather than being the result of abnormalities of a unique proliferation pathway, as sometimes presented. PitNETs can display intrinsic heterogeneity and cell subpopulations with diverse biological, genetic and epigenetic particularities, including tumorigenic potential. Hence, to obtain a better understanding of PitNET growth new approaches are required and the systematization of the available data, with the role of cell death programs, autophagy, stem cells, cellular senescence, mitochondrial function, metabolic reprogramming still being emerging fields in pituitary research. We envisage that through the combination of molecular, genetic and epigenetic data, together with the improved morphological, biochemical, physiological and metabolically knowledge on pituitary neoplastic potential accumulated in recent decades, tumour classification schemes will become more accurate regarding tumour origin, behaviour and plausible clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Sabatino
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Grondona
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Lucía De Paul
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Ana Lucía De Paul,
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Xiong Z, Li X, Yang Q. PTTG has a Dual Role of Promotion-Inhibition in the Development of Pituitary Adenomas. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:800-818. [PMID: 37020362 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190722145449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene (PTTG) of human is known as a checkpoint gene in the middle and late stages of mitosis, and is also a proto-oncogene that promotes cell cycle progression. In the nucleus, PTTG works as securin in controlling the mid-term segregation of sister chromatids. Overexpression of PTTG, entering the nucleus with the help of PBF in pituitary adenomas, participates in the regulation of cell cycle, interferes with DNA repair, induces genetic instability, transactivates FGF-2 and VEGF and promotes angiogenesis and tumor invasion. Simultaneously, overexpression of PTTG induces tumor cell senescence through the DNA damage pathway, making pituitary adenoma possessing the potential self-limiting ability. To elucidate the mechanism of PTTG in the regulation of pituitary adenomas, we focus on both the positive and negative function of PTTG and find out key factors interacted with PTTG in pituitary adenomas. Furthermore, we discuss other possible mechanisms correlate with PTTG in pituitary adenoma initiation and development and the potential value of PTTG in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujian Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Tan X, Zhang S, Gao H, He W, Xu M, Wu Q, Ni X, Jiang H. Hypermethylation of the PTTG1IP promoter leads to low expression in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1278-1286. [PMID: 31423188 PMCID: PMC6607221 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical requirement for early diagnosis, the early events in lung cancer and their mechanisms are not fully understood. Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 binding factor (PTTG1IP) is a tumor-associated gene; however, to the best of our knowledge, its association with lung cancer has not been reported. The present study analyzed PTTG1IP expression in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples and investigated its epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. The results revealed that the mRNA level of PTTG1IP in NSCLC tissues was significantly downregulated by 43% compared with that in adjacent tissues. In addition, overexpression of this gene significantly inhibited cell proliferation. According to data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, a significant negative correlation was identified between the PTTG1IP gene methylation level and expression level in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma cases. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analysis of six paired early-stage NSCLC tissue samples indicated that the CpG island shore of the PTTG1IP promoter is hypermethylated in lung cancer tissues, which was further validated in 12 paired early-stage NSCLC samples via bisulfite amplicon sequencing. Following treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine to reduce DNA methylation in the promoter region, the PTTG1IP mRNA level increased, indicating that the PTTG1IP promoter DNA methylation level negatively regulates PTTG1IP transcription. In conclusion, in early-stage NSCLC, the PTTG1IP gene is regulated by DNA methylation in its promoter region, which may participate in the development and progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Tan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Sufen Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wanhong He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Minjie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qihan Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Ni
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Handong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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4
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PTTG regulates the metabolic switch of ovarian cancer cells via the c-myc pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40959-69. [PMID: 26516926 PMCID: PMC4747382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) is a proto-oncogene involved in the development, invasion, and metastasis of many types of cancer, including ovarian cancer. However, little is known about the role of PTTG in the metabolic shift of ovarian cancer cells. In our study, we show that PTTG expression was positively correlated with the differentiation degree of ovarian cancer tissue. In addition, PTTG suppression by specific shRNA could inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells A2780 and SKOV-3. Furthermore, aerobic glycolysis was suppressed and oxidative phosphorylation was increased in ovarian cancer cells after PTTG suppression. We further found that the expression of c-myc and several crucial enzymes involved in aerobic glycolysis (e.g., PKM2, LDHA, and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1)) were downregulated by PTTG knockwown. Overexpression of c-myc could prevent the metabolic shift induced by PTTG knockwown. Together, our findings suggest that the oncogene PTTG promotes the progression of ovarian cancer cells, and its loss resists tumor development, in part, by regulating cellular metabolic reprogramming that supports cell growth and proliferation via c-myc pathway.
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Buko V, Belonovskaya E, Naruta E, Lukivskaya O, Kanyuka O, Zhuk O, Kranc R, Stoika R, Sybirna N. Pituitary tumor transforming gene as a novel regulatory factor of liver fibrosis. Life Sci 2015; 132:34-40. [PMID: 25936962 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) is involved in multiple cellular pathways. We studied the development of liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in knockout (PTTG-/-) and wildtype (PTTG+/+) mice. MAIN METHODS Liver fibrosis in PTTG+/+ and PTTG-/- mice was induced by escalating dose TAA treatment (50-400mg/kg, i.p.) for 12 weeks and assessed by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, liver hydroxyproline, serum fibrosis markers and fibrosis-related mRNA expression by real-time PCR determination. KEY FINDINGS Both PTTG+/+ and PTTG-/- mice treated with TAA developed signs of fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. However, histological signs of bridging fibrosis and connective tissue square morphometry were significantly attenuated in mice lacking PTTG. α-SMA immunohistochemistry revealed that hepatic stellate cell activation was markedly reduced in PTTG-/- mice compared to wildtype controls. Hepatic hydroxyproline levels were significantly lower in fibrotic PTTG-/- group. The serum TNFα and hepatic TNFα mRNA expression were significantly lower in fibrotic PTTG-/- animals, as well as hepatic TGFβ and VEGF mRNA levels compared to TAA-treated wildtype controls. Serum hyaluronate and TGFβ levels were markedly elevated in fibrotic mice of both genotypes, but were not altered by the absence of PTTG. SIGNIFICANCE TAA-induced fibrosis development is significantly ameliorated in PTTG-/- mice. These animals demonstrated diminished stellate cell activation, suppressed circulating serum markers of inflammation, fibrogenesis and angiogenesis. The presented findings suggest that PTTG is functionally required for hepatic fibrosis progression in an animal model of chronic liver injury. PTTG can be considered as a new important target for prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Buko
- Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus; School of Medical Sciences, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Elena Belonovskaya
- Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Elena Naruta
- Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Oxana Lukivskaya
- Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
| | | | - Olga Zhuk
- Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
| | | | - Rostislav Stoika
- Lviv National Ivan Franko University, Lviv, Ukraine; Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Lviv, Ukraine
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6
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Read ML, Seed RI, Modasia B, Kwan PPK, Sharma N, Smith VE, Watkins RJ, Bansal S, Gagliano T, Stratford AL, Ismail T, Wakelam MJO, Kim DS, Ward ST, Boelaert K, Franklyn JA, Turnell AS, McCabe CJ. The proto-oncogene PBF binds p53 and is associated with prognostic features in colorectal cancer. Mol Carcinog 2014; 55:15-26. [PMID: 25408419 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The PTTG1-binding factor (PBF) is a transforming gene capable of eliciting tumor formation in xenograft models. However, the precise role of PBF in tumorigenesis and its prognostic value as a cancer biomarker remain largely uncharacterised, particularly in malignancies outside the thyroid. Here, we provide the first evidence that PBF represents a promising prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. Examination of a total of 39 patients demonstrated higher PBF expression at both the mRNA (P = 0.009) and protein (P < 0.0001) level in colorectal tumors compared to matched normal tissue. Critically, PBF was most abundant in colorectal tumors associated with Extramural Vascular Invasion (EMVI), increased genetic instability (GI) and somatic TP53 mutations, all features linked with recurrence and poorer patient survival. We further demonstrate by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation that PBF binds to the tumor suppressor protein p53, as well as to p53 mutants (Δ126-132, M133K, V197E, G245D, I255F and R273C) identified in the colorectal tumors. Importantly, overexpression of PBF in colorectal HCT116 cells interfered with the transcriptional activity of p53-responsive genes such as mdm2, p21 and sfn. Diminished p53 stability (> 90%; P < 0.01) was also evident with a concurrent increase in ubiquitinated p53. Human colorectal tumors with wild-type TP53 and high PBF expression also had low p53 protein levels (P < 0.05), further emphasizing a putative interaction between these genes in vivo. Overall, these results demonstrate an emerging role for PBF in colorectal tumorigenesis through regulating p53 activity, with implications for PBF as a prognostic indicator for invasive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Read
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Robert I Seed
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Bhavika Modasia
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Perkin P K Kwan
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil Sharma
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Vicki E Smith
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel J Watkins
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Sukhchain Bansal
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Anna L Stratford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tariq Ismail
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Dae S Kim
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen T Ward
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Centre for Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Kristien Boelaert
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Jayne A Franklyn
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
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Read ML, Seed RI, Fong JCW, Modasia B, Ryan GA, Watkins RJ, Gagliano T, Smith VE, Stratford AL, Kwan PK, Sharma N, Dixon OM, Watkinson JC, Boelaert K, Franklyn JA, Turnell AS, McCabe CJ. The PTTG1-binding factor (PBF/PTTG1IP) regulates p53 activity in thyroid cells. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1222-34. [PMID: 24506068 PMCID: PMC4759943 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The PTTG1-binding factor (PBF/PTTG1IP) has an emerging repertoire of roles, especially in thyroid biology, and functions as a protooncogene. High PBF expression is independently associated with poor prognosis and lower disease-specific survival in human thyroid cancer. However, the precise role of PBF in thyroid tumorigenesis is unclear. Here, we present extensive evidence demonstrating that PBF is a novel regulator of p53, a tumor suppressor protein with a key role in maintaining genetic stability, which is infrequently mutated in differentiated thyroid cancer. By coimmunoprecipitation and proximity-ligation assays, we show that PBF binds specifically to p53 in thyroid cells and significantly represses transactivation of responsive promoters. Further, we identify that PBF decreases p53 stability by enhancing ubiquitination, which appears dependent on the E3 ligase activity of Mdm2. Impaired p53 function was evident in a transgenic mouse model with thyroid-specific PBF overexpression (transgenic PBF mice), which had significantly increased genetic instability as indicated by fluorescent inter simple sequence repeat-PCR analysis. Consistent with this, approximately 40% of all DNA repair genes examined were repressed in transgenic PBF primary cultures, including genes with critical roles in maintaining genomic integrity such as Mgmt, Rad51, and Xrcc3. Our data also revealed that PBF induction resulted in up-regulation of the E2 enzyme Rad6 in murine thyrocytes and was associated with Rad6 expression in human thyroid tumors. Overall, this work provides novel insights into the role of the protooncogene PBF as a negative regulator of p53 function in thyroid tumorigenesis, in which PBF is generally overexpressed and p53 mutations are rare compared with other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Read
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.L.R., R.I.S., J.C.W.F., B.M., G.A.R., R.J.W., V.E.S., P.K.K., N.S., O.M.D., K.B., J.A.F., C.J.M.) and School of Cancer Sciences (A.S.T.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Sciences (T.G.), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Pediatrics (A.L.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust (J.C.W.), Birmingham, United Kingdom
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8
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Expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in human pituitary macroadenomas. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1559-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Lin H, Chen QL, Wang XY, Han W, He TY, Yan D, Chen K, Su LD. Clinical significance of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 and transgelin-2 in pancreatic cancer. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:147-56. [PMID: 23527717 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is an oncogenic transcription factor that is overexpressed in many malignancies, especially cancers with metastatic potential, while transgelin-2 (TAGLN2) is an actin-binding protein shown to be a tumor suppressor. However, the expression and clinical significance of PTTG1 and TAGLN2 in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of PTTG1 and TAGLN2 in human primary pancreatic cancer. Seventy-five cases of human pancreatic cancer tissues were collected. The expression of PTTG1 and TAGLN2 protein was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) through tissue microarray procedure. The clinicopathologic characteristics of all patients were analyzed. As a result, the expression of PTTG1 and TAGLN2 in cancerous tissues showed the positive staining mainly in the cytoplasm, and they were found in cancerous tissues with higher strong reactivity rate compared with the adjacent non-cancer tissues (ANCT) (56.0 percent vs 22.7 percent, P less than 0.001; 100 percent vs 84 percent, P=0.002), elevating with the ascending order of tumor malignancy. Furthermore, the positive expression of PTTG1 was associated with the gender of pancreatic cancer patients, but did not correlate with their age, pathological styles, tumor size, tumor sites, TNM staging, perineural infiltration and distant metastasis (each P greater than 0.05). In addition, Spearman rank correlation analysis showed the positive correlation of PTTG1 with TAGLN2 (r=0.624, P less than 0.001). Taken together, PTTG1 and TAGLN2 are highly expressed in human pancreatic cancer, and the positive expression of PTTG1 is associated with the gender of cancer patients, suggesting that it may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Chintharlapalli S, Papineni S, Lee SO, Lei P, Jin UH, Sherman SI, Santarpia L, Safe S. Inhibition of pituitary tumor-transforming gene-1 in thyroid cancer cells by drugs that decrease specificity proteins. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:655-67. [PMID: 21268135 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methyl 2-cyano-3,11-dioxo-18β-olean-1,12-dien-30-oate (CDODA-Me) and the corresponding 2-trifluoromethyl analog (CF(3)DODA-Me) are derived synthetically from the triterpenoid glycyrrhetinic acid, a major component of licorice. CDODA-Me and CF(3)DODA-Me inhibited growth of highly invasive ARO, DRO, K-18, and HTh-74 thyroid cancer cells and this was due, in part, to decreased expression of specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 that are overexpressed in these cells. CDODA-Me and CF(3)DODA-Me also decreased expression of Sp-dependent genes, such as survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and induced apoptosis. In addition, pituitary tumor-transforming gene-1 (PTTG-1) protein and mRNA levels were also decreased in thyroid cancer cells treated with CDODA-Me or CF(3)DODA-Me and this was accompanied by decreased expression of PTTG-1-dependent c-Myc and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) genes. RNA interference studies against Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 proteins showed that in thyroid cancer cells, PTTG-1 was an Sp-dependent gene. This study demonstrates for the first time that drugs, such as CDODA-Me and CF(3)DODA-Me, that decrease Sp protein expression also downregulate PTTG-1 in thyroid cancer cells and therefore have potential for clinical treatment of thyroid cancer and other endocrine neoplasias where PTTG-1 is a major pro-oncogenic factor.
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Giles A, Madec F, Friedrichsen S, Featherstone K, Chambers T, Harper CV, Resch J, Brabant G, Davis JRE. Wnt signaling in estrogen-induced lactotroph proliferation. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:540-7. [PMID: 21245194 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.078642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactinomas are the most common type of functioning pituitary adenoma in humans, but the control of lactotroph proliferation remains unclear. Here, using microarray analysis, we show that estrogen treatment increased expression of Wnt4 mRNA in adult Fischer rat pituitary tissue. Dual immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Wnt4 expression was not confined to lactotrophs, but that it was expressed in all anterior pituitary cell types. Estradiol induced proliferation in the somatolactotroph GH3 cell line, in parallel with Wnt4 mRNA and protein induction. A reporter gene assay for TCF- and LEF-dependent transcription revealed that there was no activation of the canonical Wnt pathway in GH3 cells upon stimulation with Wnt-conditioned culture medium or coexpression of constitutively active mutant β-catenin. Expression of β-catenin in both GH3 cells and normal rat anterior pituitary cells was restricted to the cell membrane and was unaltered by treatment with estradiol, with no nuclear β-catenin being detected under any of the conditions tested. We show for the first time that Wnt4 affects non-canonical signaling in the pituitary by inhibiting Ca(2+) oscillations in GH3 cells, although the downstream effects are as yet unknown. In summary, Wnt4 is expressed in the adult pituitary gland, and its expression is increased by estrogen exposure, suggesting that its involvement in adult tissue plasticity is likely to involve β-catenin-independent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Giles
- Endocrinology & Diabetes Group, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Sánchez-Ortiga R, Sánchez Tejada L, Peiró Cabrera G, Moreno-Pérez O, Arias Mendoza N, Ignacio Aranda López F, Picó Alfonso A. Papel de pituitary tumour-transforming gene (PTTG) en los adenomas hipofisarios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 57:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/s1575-0922(10)70006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Li T, Huang H, Huang B, Huang B, Lu J. Histone acetyltransferase p300 regulates the expression of human pituitary tumor transforming gene (hPTTG). J Genet Genomics 2009; 36:335-42. [DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(08)60122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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