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Karaca S, Ser G, Ülker H, Yılmaz O, Çakmakçı C, Ata N, Sarıbey M. Associations between CYP17 gene polymorphisms, temperament and maternal behavior in ewes, and growth in their lambs. J Vet Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Louw C, van Schalkwyk EJ, Conradie R, Louw R, Engelbrecht Y, Storbeck KH, Swart AC, van Niekerk DD, Snoep JL, Swart P. Computational modelling of the Δ4 and Δ5 adrenal steroidogenic pathways provides insight into hypocortisolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 526:111194. [PMID: 33592286 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the application of a mathematical steroidogenic model, constructed with individual in vitro enzyme characterisations, to simulate in vivo steroidogenesis in a diseased state. This modelling approach was applied to the South African Angora goat, that suffers from hypocortisolism caused by altered adrenal function. These animals are extremely vulnerable to cold stress, leading to substantial monetary loss in the mohair industry. The Angora goat has increased CYP17A1 17,20-lyase enzyme activity in comparison with hardy livestock species. Determining the effect of this altered adrenal function on adrenal steroidogenesis during a cold stress response is difficult. We developed a model describing adrenal steroidogenesis under control conditions, and under altered steroidogenic conditions where the animal suffers from hypocortisolism. The model is parameterised with experimental data from in vitro enzyme characterisations of a hardy control species. The increased 17,20-lyase activity of the Angora goat CYP17A1 enzyme was subsequently incorporated into the model and the response to physiological stress is simulated under both control and altered adrenal steroidogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Erick J van Schalkwyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; LCMS Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Riaan Conradie
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ralie Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Yolanda Engelbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Karl-Heinz Storbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Amanda C Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - David D van Niekerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jacky L Snoep
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; MIB, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Pieter Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Abstract
When individuals are exposed to stressful environmental challenges, the response varies widely in one or more of three components: psychology, behavior and physiology. This variability among individuals can be defined as temperament. In recent years, an increasing large body of evidence suggests that the dimensions of temperament, as well as personality, psychological disorders and behavioral traits, are influenced by genetic factors, and much of the variation appears to involve variation in genes or gene polymorphisms in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the behavior-controlling neurotransmitter networks. Here, we review our current understanding of the probabilistic impact of a number of candidate gene polymorphisms that control temperament, psychological disorders and behavioral traits in animals and human, including the gene polymorphisms related to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) production and adrenal cortisol production involved in the HPA axis, and a large number of gene polymorphisms in the dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter networks. It will very likely to assist in diagnosis and treatment of human relevant disorders, and provide useful contributions to our understanding of evolution, welfare and conservation, for animals in the wild and in production systems. Additionally, investigations of gene-gene and gene-environment complex interactions in humans and animals need further clear illustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Qiu
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University , Chong Qing , PR China.,b UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Animal Biology M082, Faculty of Sciences , University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia
| | - Graeme B Martin
- b UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Animal Biology M082, Faculty of Sciences , University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.,c Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Dominique Blache
- b UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Animal Biology M082, Faculty of Sciences , University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia
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A Microarray-Based Analysis Reveals that a Short Photoperiod Promotes Hair Growth in the Arbas Cashmere Goat. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147124. [PMID: 26814503 PMCID: PMC4731399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many animals exhibit different behaviors in different seasons. The photoperiod can have effects on migration, breeding, fur growth, and other processes. The cyclic growth of the fur and feathers of some species of mammals and birds, respectively, is stimulated by the photoperiod as a result of hormone-dependent regulation of the nervous system. To further examine this phenomenon, we evaluated the Arbas Cashmere goat (Capra hircus), a species that is often used in this type of research. The goats were exposed to an experimentally controlled short photoperiod to study the regulation of cyclic cashmere growth. Exposure to a short photoperiod extended the anagen phase of the Cashmere goat hair follicle to increase cashmere production. Assessments of tissue sections indicated that the short photoperiod significantly induced cashmere growth. This conclusion was supported by a comparison of the differences in gene expression between the short photoperiod and natural conditions using gene chip technology. Using the gene chip data, we identified genes that showed altered expression under the short photoperiod compared to natural conditions, and these genes were found to be involved in the biological processes of hair follicle growth, structural composition of the hair follicle, and the morphogenesis of the surrounding skin appendages. Knowledge about differences in the expression of these genes as well as their functions and periodic regulation patterns increases our understanding of Cashmere goat hair follicle growth. This study also provides preliminary data that may be useful for the development of an artificial method to improve cashmere production by controlling the light cycle, which has practical significance for livestock breeding.
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Visser C, Van Marle-Köster E, Snyman M, Bovenhuis H, Crooijmans R. Quantitative trait loci associated with pre-weaning growth in South African Angora goats. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pan Z, Zhang J, Lin F, Ma X, Wang X, Liu H. Expression profiles of key candidate genes involved in steroidogenesis during follicular atresia in the pig ovary. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:10823-32. [PMID: 23053978 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
More than 99 % of follicles in mammalian ovaries undergo a degenerative process known as atresia, and thus only a limited number of ovarian follicles actually ovulate after full growth and development. The endocrinological regulatory mechanisms involved in follicular development have been studied extensively, but the precise and systematic molecular mechanisms of steroidogenesis enzymes involved in atresia are unclear. In the present study, we examined whether and how the steroidogenesis enzymes are involved in porcine ovary follicular atresia. Expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, CYP11, CYP17, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), CYP19, as well as related pituitary and ovarian hormone receptors were quantified in ovaries. During porcine follicular atresia, expressions of P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, progesterone and androgen receptors increased significantly during the late atretic stage, while the expression of aromatase and follicle-stimulating hormone receptors decreased significantly in the early stage. These data suggested that the regulation of aromatase by follicle-stimulating hormone might induce follicular atresia, and that progesterone and androgen production further promoted follicular atresia. Additionally, a correlation analysis indicated a large and complex interactive network among these genes and the endocrinological microenvironment of the follicles. Significant correlations were observed between expression of steroidogenic enzymes and their receptors, and also between progesterone and 17β-estradiol (E2) levels in follicular fluid. Taken together, these results suggest that CYP19 plays a role during early atresia by regulating the production of E2, whereas CYP11 and 3β-HSD increase atresia progression by increasing progesterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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