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Huang X, Meng B, Iqbal J, Ding BB, Perry AM, Cao W, Smith LM, Bi C, Jiang C, Greiner TC, Weisenburger DD, Rimsza L, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Delabie J, Campo E, Braziel RM, Gascoyne RD, Cook JR, Tubbs RR, Jaffe ES, Armitage JO, Vose JM, Staudt LM, McKeithan TW, Chan WC, Ye BH, Fu K. Activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway is associated with poor survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:4520-8. [PMID: 24220563 PMCID: PMC3871513 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.45.6004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that constitutive STAT3 activation is a prominent feature of the activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (ABC-DLBCL). In this study, we investigated whether STAT3 activation can risk stratify patients with DLBCL. PATIENTS AND METHODS By an immunohistochemical method, we investigated phosphotyrosine STAT3 (PY-STAT3) expression from 185 patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). Cell line-based siRNA experiments were also performed to generate an 11-gene, PY-STAT3 activation signature, which was used to study a previously published cohort of 222 patients with DLBCL. The STAT3 activation status determined by these two methods and by STAT3 mRNA levels were then correlated with survival. RESULTS PY-STAT3 was detected in 37% of DLBCL and enriched in ABC-DLBCL cases (P = .03). PY-STAT3 positivity significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS; P = .01) and event-free survival (EFS; P = .006). Similar observations were made for high levels of STAT3 mRNA. In multivariable analysis, PY-STAT3 status (P = .02), International Prognostic Index (P = .02), and BCL2 expression (P = .046) were independent prognosticators of OS in this cohort. Among the cell-of-origin subgroups, PY-STAT3 was associated with poor EFS among non-germinal center B-cell DLBCL cases only (P = .027). Similarly, the 11-gene STAT3 activation signature correlated with poor survival in the entire DLBCL cohort (OS, P < .001; EFS, P < .001) as well as the ABC-DLBCL subgroup (OS, P = .029; EFS, P = .025). CONCLUSION STAT3 activation correlated with poor survival in patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP, especially those with tumors of the ABC-DLBCL subtype.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Analysis of Variance
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Disease-Free Survival
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Rituximab
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/drug effects
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bin Meng
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - B. Belinda Ding
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anamarija M. Perry
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chengfeng Bi
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chunsun Jiang
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Timothy C. Greiner
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dennis D. Weisenburger
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lisa Rimsza
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - German Ott
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jan Delabie
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elias Campo
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rita M. Braziel
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Randy D. Gascoyne
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - James R. Cook
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Raymond R. Tubbs
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elaine S. Jaffe
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - James O. Armitage
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julie M. Vose
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Louis M. Staudt
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Timothy W. McKeithan
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wing C. Chan
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - B. Hilda Ye
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kai Fu
- Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Wenfeng Cao, and Kai Fu, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin; Chengfeng Bi, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Xin Huang, Bin Meng, Javeed Iqbal, Anamarija M. Perry, Wenfeng Cao, Lynette M. Smith, Chengfeng Bi, Chunsun Jiang, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, James O. Armitage, Julie M. Vose, Timothy W. McKeithan, Wing C. Chan, and Kai Fu, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; B. Belinda Ding and B. Hilda Ye, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Lisa Rimsza, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Andreas Rosenwald, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; German Ott and Jan Delabie, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Elias Campo, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rita M. Braziel, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Randy D. Gascoyne, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; James R. Cook and Raymond R. Tubbs, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Elaine S. Jaffe and Louis M. Staudt, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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