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Mondragón JA, Serrano Y, Torres A, Orozco M, Segovia J, Manjarrez G, Romano MC. Glioblastoma cells express crucial enzymes involved in androgen synthesis: 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17-20α-hydroxylase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5α-reductase. ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 4:e00289. [PMID: 34505421 PMCID: PMC8502219 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumour in adult humans. Therapeutic resistance and tumour recurrence after surgical removal contribute to poor prognosis for glioblastoma patients. Men are known to be more likely than women to develop an aggressive form of GB, and differences in sex steroids have emerged as a leading explanation for this finding. Studies indicate that the metabolism and proliferation of GB‐derived cells are increased by sex steroids, the expression of androgen receptors (ARs) and the synthesis of androgens and oestrogens, suggesting that these hormones have a role in the tumour pathogenesis. The expression of aromatase, the enzyme that converts androgens to oestrogens, has been reported in glial cells and GB cell lines. Thus, it was necessary to test whether the steroidogenic enzymes involved in androgen synthesis are expressed in GB cells. Therefore, here, we investigated the expression of four key enzymes involved in androgen synthesis in human‐derived GB cells. U87 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium plus foetal bovine serum and antibiotics on slides for immunocytochemistry or immunofluorescence. U87, LN229 and C6 cells were also cultured in multi‐well chambers to obtain proteins for Western blotting. We used primary antibodies against 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD), 17α‐hydroxilase/17,20‐lyase (P450c17), 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β‐HSD) and 5α‐reductase. Immunocytochemistry, and immunofluorescence results revealed that glioblastoma cells express 3β‐HSD, P450c17, 17β‐HSD and 5α‐reductase proteins in their cytoplasm. Moreover, Western blot analyses revealed bands corresponding to the molecular weight of these four enzymes in the three GB cell lines. Thus, glioblastoma cells have the key enzymatic machinery necessary to synthesize androgens, and these enzymes might be useful targets for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Mondragón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Unidad de Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, México City, México
| | - Yesenia Serrano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Andrea Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Martin Orozco
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jose Segovia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Manjarrez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, México City, México
| | - Marta Catalina Romano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Orozco M, Valdez RA, Ramos L, Cabeza M, Segovia J, Romano MC. Dutasteride combined with androgen receptor antagonists inhibit glioblastoma U87 cell metabolism, proliferation, and invasion capacity: Androgen regulation. Steroids 2020; 164:108733. [PMID: 32980365 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adult humans. Therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence after surgical resection contributes to a poor prognosis for glioblastoma patients. Men are known to be more likely than women to develop an aggressive form of GB. Although the reasons for this disparity remain poorly understood, differences in sex steroids have emerged as a leading explanation. Studies indicate that GB-derived cells express androgen receptors (ARs) and synthesize androgens, suggesting that androgens may have a role in the tumor pathogenesis. Thus, our objective was to investigate the effects of the 5α-reductase enzyme inhibitor dutasteride, the AR antagonists cyproterone and flutamide, and combinations of these drugs on the metabolism, proliferation, and invasion capacity of GB-derived U87 cells. We also examined the effects of three natural androgens testosterone, androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone (T, A4, and DHT) on these cells. Cell metabolism was investigated by MTT assay, proliferation was assessed by the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay, and invasion was assessed by Boyden chamber assay. The results revealed that T and especially DHT, but not A4, increased U87 cell metabolism and proliferation. Following these findings, we examined the effect of adding dutasteride, cyproterone, or flutamide to the culture media and found that they all significantly decreased cell metabolism and proliferation. Dutasteride also significantly reduced cell invasion. Moreover, any combination of these drugs enhanced their inhibitory effects; the combination of dutasteride to flutamide was most effective at decreasing GB cell proliferation. Our results suggest that administering a combination of AR antagonists and enzyme blockers may be a more effective alternative treatment for GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Orozco
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV del IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R A Valdez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV del IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L Ramos
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Cabeza
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J Segovia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV del IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M C Romano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV del IPN, Ciudad de México, México.
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Pinacho-Garcia LM, Valdez RA, Navarrete A, Cabeza M, Segovia J, Romano MC. The effect of finasteride and dutasteride on the synthesis of neurosteroids by glioblastoma cells. Steroids 2020; 155:108556. [PMID: 31866547 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive local brain tumor and effective treatments are lacking. Many studies have proposed an important participation of steroid hormones in the development of gliomas. Evidence was provided by statistics analysis where the incidence in adult population is 50% higher in men than in women. Female patients have a better prognosis for survival compared to male patients with GBM. Also, the expression of receptors to estrogen, progesterone and androgens in glioma cell lines and tumor biopsies, and glucocorticoid receptors in GBM cell lines had been reported. Here we have investigated the effect of the pharmacological inhibition of 5-α reductases on the capacity of GBM derived cell lines C6 (rat) and U87 (human) to synthesize neurosteroids. As the knowledge of the pathways used to synthesize neurosteroids by GBM derived cells was incomplete, we have investigated the synthesis of these steroids by C6 and U87 cells using tritiated precursors and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Increasing concentrations of finasteride and dutasteride were added to U87 culture media that was collected after 24 and 48 h. The results of the study showed that C6 cells incubated with 3H-cholesterol yielded dihydroandrosterone, hydroxytestosterone, androstenediol, androstenedione and estriol, while U87 cells also synthesized progesterone, and androstanedione. Incubation with 3H-androstenedione or 3H-testosterone mainly yielded dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, dihydroandrosterone, hydroxytestosterone, and estradiol in both lines. To note, we showed here for the first time that U87 cells synthesize corticosteroids. Addition of finasteride or dutasteride to U87 cells reduced androgen and estrogen synthesis. Dutasteride also decreased the synthesis of dihydrocorticosterone and allotetrahydrodesoxycorticosterone while deoxycorticosterone was accumulated. In summary, both GBM cell lines synthesize numerous neurosteroids, including 5-α reductase products and 3α-HSD pathways that were inhibited by finasteride and dutasteride. These inhibitors may be considered as tools to control neurosteroid synthesis of potential relevance for GBM survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manuel Pinacho-Garcia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida IPN # 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
| | - Ricardo A Valdez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida IPN # 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
| | - Araceli Navarrete
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida IPN # 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
| | - Marisa Cabeza
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Segovia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida IPN # 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
| | - Marta C Romano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida IPN # 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico.
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Zhang L, Zhu Y, Cheng H, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Chen H, Chen L, Qi H, Ren G, Tang J, Zhong M, Hua W, Shi X, Li Q. The Increased Expression of Estrogen-Related Receptor α Correlates with Wnt5a and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Glioma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:173-184. [PMID: 30322948 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant glioma is an often fatal type of cancer. Elevated expression of the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is an unfavorable factor for malignant progression and poor prognosis in several cancers, although the mechanism by which this receptor affects the pathophysiology of cancers remains obscure. However, few studies have been conducted in regard to the role of ERRα in glioma. In the current study, we found that elevated expression of ERRα was observed in 107 glioma cases by means of IHC. Clinically, high expression of ERRα was associated with later stages of disease progression and clinical outcome of patients with glioma. ERRα had the ability to promote cell proliferation and migration in glioma cell lines. Moreover, in a xenograft model, we also found that silencing ERRα had an inhibitory effect on the growth of glioma. Further investigation confirmed that ERRα was involved in the carcinogenesis of glioma via the regulation of the Wnt5a signal pathway in vitro and in vivo Our study was first to show the overexpression of ERRα in glioma tissues and a direct correlation between ERRα expression and clinical prognosis of glioma. Together, these data reveal that ERRα has prognostic significance in glioma, and targeting ERRα may provide a reliable therapeutic strategy for the treatment for human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Ren
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunyi Li
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dave N, Chow LML, Gudelsky GA, LaSance K, Qi X, Desai PB. Preclinical pharmacological evaluation of letrozole as a novel treatment for gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:857-64. [PMID: 25695958 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present data that letrozole, an extensively used aromatase inhibitor in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors in postmenopausal women, may be potentially used in the treatment of glioblastomas. First, we measured the in vitro cytotoxicity of letrozole and aromatase (CYP19A1) expression and activity in human LN229, T98G, U373MG, U251MG, and U87MG, and rat C6 glioma cell lines. Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells served as controls. Cytotoxicity was determined employing the MTT assay, and aromatase activity using an immunoassay that measures the conversion of testosterone to estrogen. Second, in vivo activity of letrozole was assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats orthotopically implanted with C6 gliomas. The changes in tumor volume with letrozole treatment (4 mg/kg/day) were assessed employing μPET/CT imaging, employing [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (F18-FDG) as the radiotracer. Brain tissues were collected for histologic evaluations. All glioma cell lines included here expressed CYP19A1 and letrozole exerted considerable cytotoxicity and decrease in aromatase activity against these cells (IC50, 0.1-3.5 μmol/L). Imaging analysis employing F18-FDG μPET/CT demonstrated a marked reduction of active tumor volume (>75%) after 8 days of letrozole treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed marked reduction in aromatase expression in tumoral regions of the brain after letrozole treatment. Thus, employing multifaceted tools, we demonstrate that aromatase may be a novel target for the treatment of gliomas and that letrozole, an FDA-approved drug with an outstanding record of safety may be repurposed for the treatment of such primary brain tumors, which currently have few therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimita Dave
- The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lionel M L Chow
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gary A Gudelsky
- The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kathleen LaSance
- Vontz Core Imaging Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Internal Medicine, Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Pankaj B Desai
- The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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6
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Tiwari A, Shivananda S, Gopinath KS, Kumar A. MicroRNA-125a reduces proliferation and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting estrogen-related receptor α: implications for cancer therapeutics. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32276-32290. [PMID: 25266720 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.584136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor α (ESRRA) functions as a transcription factor and regulates the expression of several genes, such as WNT11 and OPN. Up-regulation of ESRRA has been reported in several cancers. However, the mechanism underlying its up-regulation is unclear. Furthermore, the reports regarding the role and regulation of ESRRA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are completely lacking. Here, we show that tumor suppressor miR-125a directly binds to the 3'UTR of ESRRA and represses its expression. Overexpression of miR-125a in OSCC cells drastically reduced the level of ESRRA, decreased cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Conversely, the delivery of an miR-125a inhibitor to these cells drastically increased the level of ESRRA, increased cell proliferation, and decreased apoptosis. miR-125a-mediated down-regulation of ESRRA impaired anchorage-independent colony formation and invasion of OSCC cells. Reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis of OSCC cells were dependent on the presence of the 3'UTR in ESRRA. The delivery of an miR-125a mimic to OSCC cells resulted in marked regression of xenografts in nude mice, whereas the delivery of an miR-125a inhibitor to OSCC cells resulted in a significant increase of xenografts and abrogated the tumor suppressor function of miR-125a. We observed an inverse correlation between the expression levels of miR-125a and ESRRA in OSCC samples. In summary, up-regulation of ESRRA due to down-regulation of miR-125a is not only a novel mechanism for its up-regulation in OSCC, but decreasing the level of ESRRA by using a synthetic miR-125a mimic may have an important role in therapeutic intervention of OSCC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankana Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 and
| | - Swamy Shivananda
- Department of Surgery, Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560027, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 and.
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Zhao X, Li Q, Bian L, Zheng X, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Li Z. Using immobilized G-protein coupled receptors to screen bioactive traditional Chinese medicine compounds with multiple targets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 70:549-52. [PMID: 22651959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Demand on high-throughput methods for multi-target compounds screening continues to increase nowadays due to the decline of new drugs on the market. Two kinds of G-protein-coupled receptors, alpha1-adrenoceptor (α(1A)-AR) and beta2-adrenoceptor (β(2)-AR), were purified and immobilized on the surface of macroporous silica gel to prepare new chromatographic stationary phases. Control drugs (e.g., prazosin, terazosin, salbutamol, and terbutaline) were used to characterize the retention behavior of the obtained α(1A)-AR and β(2)-AR columns. This study also coupled both columns with a six-way switching valve to construct an automatic two-dimensional system for multi-target compounds screening in complex mixtures. Adrenaline hydrochloride was used as a representative drug to evaluate the chromatographic performance of the two dimensional system. The aqueous extracts from Salvia miltiorrhiza and Coptis chinensis were also analyzed by the automatic system. The compounds in S. miltiorrhiza had no binding to both α(1A)-AR and β(2)-AR columns. But berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine were screened as the bioactive compounds in C. chinensis, targeting both the receptors. The proposed method is an alternative for recognizing and separating the compounds targeting different proteins from a complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Zhao X, Lu H, Huang J, Zheng J, Zheng X, Zhang Y. Binding Interaction Between Prazosin and Immobilized Receptor by Frontal Analysis. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Su C, Rybalchenko N, Schreihofer DA, Singh M, Abbassi B, Cunningham RL. Cell Models for the Study of Sex Steroid Hormone Neurobiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; S2. [PMID: 22860237 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.s2-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To date many aspects of neurons and glia biology remain elusive, due in part to the cellular and molecular complexity of the brain. In recent decades, cell models from different brain areas have been established and proven invaluable toward understanding this complexity. In the field of steroid hormone neurobiology, an important question is: what is the profile of steroid hormone receptor expression in these specific cell lines? Currently, a clear summary of such receptor profiling is lacking. For this reason, we summarized in this review the expression of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors in several widely used cell lines (glial and neuronal) derived from the forebrain and midbrain, based on our own data and that from the literature. Such information will aid in the selection of specific cell lines used to test hypotheses related to the biology of estrogens, progestins, and/or androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
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10
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Fiori JL, Sanghvi M, O'Connell MP, Krzysik-Walker SM, Moaddel R, Bernier M. The cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist AM251 regulates the expression of the EGF receptor and its ligands via destabilization of oestrogen-related receptor α protein. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 164:1026-40. [PMID: 21449913 PMCID: PMC3195923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE AM251 is an inverse agonist of the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB(1)R) that can exert 'off-target' effects in vitro and in CB(1)R knock-out mice. AM251 is also potent at modulating tumour cell growth, suggesting that growth factor-mediated oncogenic signalling could be regulated by AM251. Since dysregulation of the EGF receptor has been associated with carcinogenesis, we examined AM251 regulation of EGF receptor (EGFR) expression and function. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The various biological functions of AM251 were measured in CB(1)R-negative human cancer cells. Pharmacological and genetic approaches were used to validate the data. KEY RESULTS The mRNA levels for EGFR and its associated ligands, including HB-EGF, were induced several fold in PANC-1 and HCT116 cells in response to AM251. This event was associated with enhanced expression of EGFR on the cell surface with concomitant increase in EGF-induced cellular responses in AM251-treated cells. Exposure to XCT790, a synthetic inverse agonist of the orphan nuclear oestrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), also induced EGFR and HB-EGF expression to the same extent as AM251, whereas pretreatment with the ERRα-selective agonist, biochanin A, blunted AM251 actions. AM251 promoted the degradation of ERRα protein without loss of the corresponding mRNA. Knock-down of ERRα by siRNA-based approach led to constitutive induction of EGFR and HB-EGF levels, and eliminated the biological responses of AM251 and XCT790. Finally, AM251 displaced diethylstilbestrol prebound to the ligand-binding domain of ERRα. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AM251 up-regulates EGFR expression and signalling via a novel non-CB(1)R-mediated pathway involving destabilization of ERRα protein in selected cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Fiori
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Huang C, Zhou T, Chen Y, Sun T, Zhang S, Chen G. Estrogen-related receptor ERRα-mediated downregulation of human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (SULT2A1) in Hep G2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 192:264-71. [PMID: 21513704 PMCID: PMC3111048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase SULT2A1 catalyzes the sulfation of hydroxysteroids and xenobiotics. It plays an important role in the detoxification of hydroxyl-containing xenobiotics and in the regulation of the biological activities of hydroxysteroids. ERRα is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is closely related to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Here we report that the mRNA expression of human SULT2A1 was suppressed by ERRα in Hep G2 cells. To investigate the mechanisms of this regulation, the effects of ERRα on human SULT2A1 promoter transcription in Hep G2 cells were investigated. Reporter luciferase assay results showed that ERRα significantly represses human SULT2A1 promoter transcription in Hep G2 cells. Deletion analysis indicated that human SULT2A1 promoter region between positions -188 and -130 is necessary for its repression by ERRα in Hep G2 cells. The 5' DNA -188 to -130 region of human SULT2A1 contains IR2 and DR4 hormone response elements and two putative ERRα response elements (ERREs) (ERRE188: GCAAGCTCA and ERRE155: ATAAGTTCA). Interestingly, ERRE188 overlaps with the IR2 element and ERRE155 overlaps with the DR4 element. Our further investigation demonstrated that ERRα represses human SULT2A1 promoter transcription by competing with other nuclear receptors for binding to IR2 or DR4 elements. The interaction of ERRE188 and ERRE155 elements with ERRα was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. Our results suggest that ERRα may play an important role in regulating the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics and in regulating endogenous hydroxysteroid activities via the regulation of SULT2A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Huang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 USA
| | - Tianyan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 USA
| | - Teng Sun
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 USA
| | - Shufen Zhang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 USA
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 USA
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12
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Sanghvi M, Moaddel R, Frazier C, Wainer IW. Synthesis and characterization of liquid chromatographic columns containing the immobilized ligand binding domain of the estrogen related receptor alpha and estrogen related receptor gamma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:777-80. [PMID: 20542653 PMCID: PMC2932438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ligand binding domains of the estrogen related receptors, ERRalpha and ERRgamma were covalently immobilized onto the surface of an aminopropyl silica liquid chromatography stationary phase to create the ERRalpha-silica and ERRgamma-silica columns and onto the surface of open tubular capillaries to create the ERRalpha-OT and ERRgamma-OT columns. The ERR-silica and ERR-OT columns were characterized using frontal chromatographic techniques with diethylstibesterol and the binding affinities, K(d) values, to the immobilized receptors were consistent with the values obtained by a radioligand binding assay. The ERRgamma-silica column was also characterized using non-linear chromatographic techniques using a series of tamoxifen derivatives. The relative K(d) values obtained for the derivatives were consistent with the relative ability of the compounds to inhibit the cellular proliferation of the human-derived T98G glioma cell line, expressed as IC(50) values. The results indicate that the columns containing immobilized ERRalpha and ERRgamma can be created and used to characterize the binding of compounds to the immobilized receptors and that the relative retention of compounds on these columns reflects the magnitude of their inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sanghvi
- Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
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Kabat GC, Etgen AM, Rohan TE. Do Steroid Hormones Play a Role in the Etiology of Glioma?: Figure 1. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:2421-7. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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