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Jiao J, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Xia D, Zhang L, Ma N. Saliva microbiome changes in thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:989188. [PMID: 36034695 PMCID: PMC9403763 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.989188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Thyroid disease has been reported to associate with gut microbiota, but the effects of thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules on the oral microbiota are still largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the variation in salivary microbiota and their potential association with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules. Methods We used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to examine the salivary microbiota of thyroid cancer patients (n = 14), thyroid nodules patients (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 15). Results The alpha-diversity indices Chao1 and ACE were found to be relatively higher in patients with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules compared to healthy controls. The beta diversity in both the thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules groups was divergent from the healthy control group. The genera Alloprevotella, Anaeroglobus, Acinetobacter, unclassified Bacteroidales, and unclassified Cyanobacteriales were significantly enriched in the thyroid cancer group compared with the healthy control group. In contrast, the microbiome of the healthy controls was mainly composed of the genera Haemophilus, Lautropia, Allorhizobium Neorhizobium Pararhizobium Rhizobium, Escherichia Shigella, and unclassified Rhodobacteraceae. The thyroid nodules group was dominated by genre uncultured Candidatus Saccharibacteria bacterium, unclassified Clostridiales bacterium feline oral taxon 148, Treponema, unclassified Prevotellaceae, Mobiluncus, and Acholeplasma. In contrast, the genera unclassified Rhodobacteraceae and Aggregatibacter dominated the healthy control group. The study also found that clinical indicators were correlated with the saliva microbiome. Conclusion The salivary microbiota variation may be connected with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Jiao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youli Zheng
- The School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Degeng Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Ma, ; Li Zhang,
| | - Ning Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Ma, ; Li Zhang,
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Schneider U, Walsh L, Newhauser W. Tumour size can have an impact on the outcomes of epidemiological studies on second cancers after radiotherapy. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2018; 57:311-319. [PMID: 30171348 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-018-0753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining a correct dose-response relationship for radiation-induced cancer after radiotherapy presents a major challenge for epidemiological studies. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the associated uncertainties. To accomplish this goal, some aspects of an epidemiological study on breast cancer following radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease were simulated with Monte Carlo methods. It is demonstrated that although the doses to the breast volume are calculated by one treatment plan, the locations and sizes of the induced secondary breast tumours can be simulated and, based on these simulated locations and sizes, the absorbed doses at the site of tumour incidence can also be simulated. For the simulations of point dose at tumour site, linear and non-linear mechanistic models which predict risk of cancer induction as a function of dose were applied randomly to the treatment plan. These simulations provided for each second tumour and each simulated tumour size the predicted dose. The predicted-dose-response-characteristic from the analysis of the simulated epidemiological study was analysed. If a linear dose-response relationship for cancer induction was applied to calculate the theoretical doses at the simulated tumour sites, all Monte-Carlo realizations of the epidemiological study yielded strong evidence for a resulting linear risk to predicted-dose-response. However, if a non-linear dose-response of cancer induction was applied to calculate the theoretical doses, the Monte Carlo simulated epidemiological study resulted in a non-linear risk to predicted-dose-response relationship only if the tumour size was small (< 1.5 cm). If the diagnosed breast tumours exceeded an average diameter of 1.5 cm, an applied non-linear theoretical-dose-response relationship for second cancer falsely resulted in strong evidence for a linear predicted-dose relationship from the epidemiological study realizations. For a typical distribution of breast cancer sizes, the model selection probability for a resulting predicted-dose linear model was 61% although a non-linear theoretical-dose-response relationship for cancer induction had been applied. The results of this study, therefore, provide evidence that the shapes of epidemiologically obtained dose-response relationships for cancer induction can be biased by the finite size of the diagnosed second tumour, even though the epidemiological study was done correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schneider
- Department of Physics, Science Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Radiotherapy Hirslanden, Witellikerstrasse 40, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Linda Walsh
- Department of Physics, Science Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wayne Newhauser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803 4001, USA
- Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70809, USA
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Schneider U, Walsh L. Risk of secondary cancers: Bridging epidemiology and modeling. Phys Med 2017; 42:228-231. [PMID: 28363341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of long term radiotherapy survivors provide useful insights into dose-response relationships for secondary cancer induction risk at high doses. There are uncertainties involved in estimating the dose to the location of the second malignancy, because the dose distributions in radiotherapy patients can be spatially highly heterogeneous and the size of the diagnosed tumor is on the order of a few cm. Therefor it is nearly impossible to obtain the exact dose corresponding to the exact tumor induction location and so organ specific dose-response relationships have large errors not only in the reported risk, but also in the estimated dose. In this work two alternative methods are proposed for future applications involving investigations into dose response relationships for second cancer induction risk, the method of organ sub-division and the method of risk equivalent dose. The method of organ sub-division takes the inevitable inhomogeneous dose distribution into account by applying epidemiological methods to organ sub-divisions which have a nearly homogenous dose. The method of risk equivalent dose combines risk modeling and epidemiological data analysis. Risk models can be optimized by using an iterative procedure assuming a variation of organ specific dose-responses. The advantage of the alternative methods is that the inhomogeneity of the dose in the organs at risk is taken into account. The second method has the additional advantage that the dose to the location of the tumor site must not be known and that epidemiologically obtained risks that were not stratified by organ specific risk can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schneider
- Department of Physics, Science Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Radiotherapy Hirslanden, Witellikerstrasse 40, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Linda Walsh
- Department of Physics, Science Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Passon N, Bregant E, Sponziello M, Dima M, Rosignolo F, Durante C, Celano M, Russo D, Filetti S, Damante G. Somatic amplifications and deletions in genome of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Endocrine 2015; 50:453-64. [PMID: 25863487 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Somatic gene copy number variation contributes to tumor progression. Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array, the presence of genomic imbalances was evaluated in a series of 27 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). To detect only somatic imbalances, for each sample, the reference DNA was from normal thyroid tissue of the same patient. The presence of the BRAF V600E mutation was also evaluated. Both amplifications and deletions showed an uneven distribution along the entire PTC cohort; amplifications were more frequent than deletions (mean values of 17.5 and 7.2, respectively). Number of aberration events was not even among samples, the majority of them occurring only in a small fraction of PTCs. Most frequent amplifications were detected at regions 2q35, 4q26, and 4q34.1, containing FN1, PDE5A, and GALNTL6 genes, respectively. Most frequent deletions occurred at regions 6q25.2, containing OPMR1 and IPCEF1 genes and 7q14.2, containing AOAH and ELMO1 genes. Amplification of FN1 and PDE5A genomic regions was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Frequency of amplifications and deletions was in relationship with clinical features and BRAF mutation status of tumor. In fact, according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk classification, amplifications are more frequent in higher risk samples, while deletions tend to prevail in the lower risk tumors. Analysis of single aberrations according to the ATA risk grouping shows that amplifications containing PDE5A, GALNTL6, DHRS3, and DOCK9 genes are significantly more frequent in the intermediate/high risk group than in the low risk group. Thus, our data would indicate that analysis of somatic genome aberrations by CGH array can be useful to identify additional prognostic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Passon
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Bregant
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Sponziello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Dima
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rosignolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Celano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Molecular and Genetic Markers of Follicular-Cell Thyroid Cancer: Etiology and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 779:309-26. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6176-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Weier HUG, Ito Y, Kwan J, Smida J, Weier JF, Hieber L, Lu CM, Lehmann L, Wang M, Kassabian HJ, Zeng H, O'Brien B. Delineating chromosomal breakpoints in radiation-induced papillary thyroid cancer. Genes (Basel) 2011; 2:397-419. [PMID: 22096618 PMCID: PMC3216054 DOI: 10.3390/genes2030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent translocations are well known hallmarks of many human solid tumors and hematological disorders, where patient- and breakpoint-specific information may facilitate prognostication and individualized therapy. In thyroid carcinomas, the proto-oncogenes RET and NTRK1 are often found to be activated through chromosomal rearrangements. However, many sporadic tumors and papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) arising in patients with a history of exposure to elevated levels of ionizing irradiation do not carry these known abnormalities. We developed a rapid scheme to screen tumor cell metaphase spreads and identify candidate genes of tumorigenesis and neoplastic progression for subsequent functional studies. Using a series of overnight fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments with pools comprised of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones, it now becomes possible to rapidly refine breakpoint maps and, within one week, progress from the low resolution Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) maps or Giemsa-banding (G-banding) karyotypes to fully integrated, high resolution physical maps including a list of candiate genes in the critical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Ulrich G. Weier
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: (H.-U.G.W.); (J.K.); (H.J.K.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuko Ito
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: (H.-U.G.W.); (J.K.); (H.J.K.); (H.Z.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Johnson Kwan
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: (H.-U.G.W.); (J.K.); (H.J.K.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jan Smida
- Clinical Cooperation Group Osteosarcoma, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Jingly F. Weier
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: (H.-U.G.W.); (J.K.); (H.J.K.); (H.Z.)
- Clinical Labs–Cytogenetics, University of California, 185 Berry Street Suite 290, San Francisco, CA 94143-0100, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Ludwig Hieber
- Department of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Chun-Mei Lu
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: (H.-U.G.W.); (J.K.); (H.J.K.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, No.35, Lane 215, Section 1, Chungshan Road, Taiping City, Taichung 411, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Lars Lehmann
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: (H.-U.G.W.); (J.K.); (H.J.K.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; E-Mail:
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Diabetes, City of Hope, 1500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3012, USA; E-mail:
| | - Haig J. Kassabian
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: (H.-U.G.W.); (J.K.); (H.J.K.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zeng
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: (H.-U.G.W.); (J.K.); (H.J.K.); (H.Z.)
| | - Benjamin O'Brien
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: (H.-U.G.W.); (J.K.); (H.J.K.); (H.Z.)
- William Harvey Research Institute, Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Anesthesiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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