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Cook LB, Ophardt HD, Shen R, Pratt BH, Galbier LA. Transcriptome analysis of ciliary-dependent MCH signaling in differentiating 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4880. [PMID: 33649390 PMCID: PMC7921120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of adipocyte responsiveness to G-protein-coupled receptor-(GPCR) derived signals must take into consideration the role of membrane microenvironments; that individual sub-populations of proteins may vary significantly across different regions of the cell, and that cell differentiation alters those microenvironments. 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes undergo a dramatic phenotypic transformation during differentiation into adipocytes, requiring the development of a transient primary cilium. We demonstrate that melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor 1, a GPCR that stimulates appetite, translocates to the transient primary cilium during early 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis. Furthermore, we used RNA-Seq to investigate whether MCH signaling is influenced by its receptor localization and whether MCH can influence the transcriptome of early adipocyte development. We found that MCH signaling is sensitive to receptor localization to cilia, and this alters the adipogenic transcriptional program. Also, novel MCH signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 cells are identified, including those for circadian rhythm, the inflammatory response, and ciliary biogenesis. The presence of active MCH-signaling pathways in pre-adipocytes and the discovery that these pathways intersect with the early adipogenic program, among other newly-identified signaling pathways, suggests that the use of MCH receptor 1 antagonists for clinical interventions may have unintended consequences on adipose tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie B Cook
- Department of Biology, 217 Lennon Hall, SUNY Brockport, 350 New Campus Drive, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA.
| | - Henry D Ophardt
- Department of Biology, 217 Lennon Hall, SUNY Brockport, 350 New Campus Drive, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA
| | - Rongkun Shen
- Department of Biology, 217 Lennon Hall, SUNY Brockport, 350 New Campus Drive, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA
| | - Bryan H Pratt
- Department of Biology, 217 Lennon Hall, SUNY Brockport, 350 New Campus Drive, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA
| | - Lucas A Galbier
- Department of Biology, 217 Lennon Hall, SUNY Brockport, 350 New Campus Drive, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA
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Alvisi RD, Diniz GB, Da-Silva JM, Bittencourt JC, Felicio LF. Suckling-induced Fos activation and melanin-concentrating hormone immunoreactivity during late lactation. Life Sci 2016; 148:241-6. [PMID: 26874026 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is implicated in the control of food intake, body weight regulation and energy homeostasis. Lactation is an important physiological model to study the hypothalamic integration of peripheral sensory signals, such as suckling stimuli and those related to energy balance. MCH can be detected in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), especially around the 19th day of lactation, when this hormone is described as displaying a peak synthesis followed by a decrease after weaning. The physiological significance of this phenomenon is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate hypothalamic changes associated to sensory stimulation by the litter, in special its influence over MCH synthesis. MAIN METHODS Female Wistar rats (n=56) were euthanized everyday from lactation days 15-21, with or without suckling stimulus (WS and NS groups, respectively). MCH and Fos immunoreactivity were evaluated in the MPOA and lateral and incerto-hypothalamic areas (LHA and IHy). KEY FINDINGS Suckling stimulus induced Fos synthesis in all regions studied. An increase on the number of suckling-induced Fos-ir neurons could be detected in the LHA after the 18th day. Conversely, the amount of MCH decreased in the MPOA from days 15-21, independent of suckling stimulation. No colocalization between MCH and Fos could be detected in any region analyzed. SIGNIFICANCE Suckling stimulus is capable of stimulating hypothalamic regions not linked to maternal behavior, possibly to mediate energy balance aspects of lactation. Although dams are hyperphagic before weaning, this behavioral change does not appear to be mediated by MCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Alvisi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - G B Diniz
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - J M Da-Silva
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - J C Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - L F Felicio
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.
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Ziogas DC, Gras-Miralles B, Mustafa S, Geiger BM, Najarian RM, Nagel JM, Flier SN, Popov Y, Tseng YH, Kokkotou E. Anti-melanin-concentrating hormone treatment attenuates chronic experimental colitis and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G876-84. [PMID: 23538494 PMCID: PMC3652072 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00305.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis represents a major complication of several chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Treatment of IBD remains a clinical challenge despite several recent therapeutic advances. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide shown to regulate appetite and energy balance. However, accumulating evidence suggests that MCH has additional biological effects, including modulation of inflammation. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of an MCH-blocking antibody in treating established, dextran sodium sulfate-induced experimental colitis. Histological and molecular analysis of mouse tissues revealed that mice receiving anti-MCH had accelerated mucosal restitution and lower colonic expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, as well as fibrogenic genes, including COL1A1. In parallel, they spared collagen deposits seen in the untreated mice, suggesting attenuated fibrosis. These findings raised the possibility of perhaps direct effects of MCH on myofibroblasts. Indeed, in biopsies from patients with IBD, we demonstrate expression of the MCH receptor MCHR1 in α-smooth muscle actin(+) subepithelial cells. CCD-18Co cells, a primary human colonic myofibroblast cell line, were also positive for MCHR1. In these cells, MCH acted as a profibrotic modulator by potentiating the effects of IGF-1 and TGF-β on proliferation and collagen production. Thus, by virtue of combined anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects, blocking MCH might represent a compelling approach for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yury Popov
- 1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- 2Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Mul JD, O’Duibhir E, Shrestha YB, Koppen A, Vargoviç P, Toonen PW, Zarebidaki E, Kvetnansky R, Kalkhoven E, Cuppen E, Bartness TJ. Pmch-deficiency in rats is associated with normal adipocyte differentiation and lower sympathetic adipose drive. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60214. [PMID: 23555928 PMCID: PMC3608591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The orexigenic neuropeptide melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), a product of Pmch, is an important mediator of energy homeostasis. Pmch-deficient rodents are lean and smaller, characterized by lower food intake, body-, and fat mass. Pmch is expressed in hypothalamic neurons that ultimately are components in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) drive to white and interscapular brown adipose tissue (WAT, iBAT, respectively). MCH binds to MCH receptor 1 (MCH1R), which is present on adipocytes. Currently it is unknown if Pmch-ablation changes adipocyte differentiation or sympathetic adipose drive. Using Pmch-deficient and wild-type rats on a standard low-fat diet, we analyzed dorsal subcutaneous and perirenal WAT mass and adipocyte morphology (size and number) throughout development, and indices of sympathetic activation in WAT and iBAT during adulthood. Moreover, using an in vitro approach we investigated the ability of MCH to modulate 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Pmch-deficiency decreased dorsal subcutaneous and perirenal WAT mass by reducing adipocyte size, but not number. In line with this, in vitro 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation was unaffected by MCH. Finally, adult Pmch-deficient rats had lower norepinephrine turnover (an index of sympathetic adipose drive) in WAT and iBAT than wild-type rats. Collectively, our data indicate that MCH/MCH1R-pathway does not modify adipocyte differentiation, whereas Pmch-deficiency in laboratory rats lowers adiposity throughout development and sympathetic adipose drive during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joram D. Mul
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eoghan O’Duibhir
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yogendra B. Shrestha
- Department of Biology, Neurobiology and Behavior Program, and Exploring and Testing Strategies for Obesity Reversal Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Arjen Koppen
- Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Vargoviç
- Laboratory for Stress Research, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pim W. Toonen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eleen Zarebidaki
- Department of Biology, Neurobiology and Behavior Program, and Exploring and Testing Strategies for Obesity Reversal Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard Kvetnansky
- Laboratory for Stress Research, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy J. Bartness
- Department of Biology, Neurobiology and Behavior Program, and Exploring and Testing Strategies for Obesity Reversal Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Increased susceptibility of melanin-concentrating hormone-deficient mice to infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Infect Immun 2012; 81:166-72. [PMID: 23115043 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00572-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) was initially identified in mammals as a hypothalamic neuropeptide regulating appetite and energy balance. However, the wide distribution of MCH receptors in peripheral tissues suggests additional functions for MCH which remain largely unknown. We have previously reported that mice lacking MCH develop attenuated intestinal inflammation when exposed to Clostridium difficile toxin A. To further characterize the role of MCH in host defense mechanisms against intestinal pathogens, Salmonella enterocolitis (using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium) was induced in MCH-deficient mice and their wild-type littermates. In the absence of MCH, infected mice had increased mortality associated with higher bacterial loads in blood, liver, and spleen. Moreover, the knockout mice developed more-severe intestinal inflammation, based on epithelial damage, immune cell infiltrates, and local and systemic cytokine levels. Paradoxically, these enhanced inflammatory responses in the MCH knockout mice were associated with disproportionally lower levels of macrophages infiltrating the intestine. Hence, we investigated potential direct effects of MCH on monocyte/macrophage functions critical for defense against intestinal pathogens. Using RAW 264.7 mouse monocytic cells, which express endogenous MCH receptor, we found that treatment with MCH enhanced the phagocytic capacity of these cells. Taken together, these findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for MCH in host-bacterial interactions.
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