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Vilariño-García T, Guadix P, Dorado-Silva M, Sánchez-Martín P, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Margalet V. Decreased Expression of Sam68 Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Granulosa Cells from PCOS Patients. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182821. [PMID: 36139396 PMCID: PMC9496917 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance, which leads to subfertility. PCOS is the most frequent metabolic disorder in women and the major cause of infertility. Susceptibility to developing PCOS is determined by a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Although different mechanisms have been proposed to explain PCOS manifestations, defects in insulin actions or in the insulin signaling pathways are central in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. However, the mechanisms (molecular players and signaling pathways) underlying its primary origin still remain an unsolved issue. Current research is increasingly focusing on the discovery of novel biomarkers to further elucidate the complex pathophysiology of PCOS. Sam68, an RNA-binding protein, is recruited to insulin signaling, mediating different insulin actions. We aimed to investigate the role of Sam68 in insulin signaling and the possible implications of Sam68 in the insulin resistance in PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Granulosa cells were taken from women with PCOS (n = 25) and healthy donors (n = 25) and, within the age range of 20 to 42 years, from GINEMED, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Seville, Spain. The Sam68 expression level was analyzed both by qPCR and immunoblot. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA, followed by a post-hoc test. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS We found that insulin stimulation increases the phosphorylation and expression level of Sam68 in granulosa cells from normal donors. The downregulation of Sam68 expression resulted in a lower activation of both the MAPK and the PI3K pathways in response to insulin. Moreover, the granulosa cells from the women with PCOS presented a lower expression of Sam68, as well as insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). In these cells, the overexpression of Sam68 resulted in an increased activation of both the MAPK and the PI3K pathways in response to insulin. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the participation of Sam68 in insulin receptor signaling, mediating the insulin effect in granulosa cells, and they suggest the possible role of Sam68 in the insulin resistance of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Pilar Guadix
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.-P.); (V.S.-M.); Tel.: +95-4559-850 (A.P.-P.)
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.-P.); (V.S.-M.); Tel.: +95-4559-850 (A.P.-P.)
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Vilariño-García T, Pérez-Pérez A, Santamaría-López E, Prados N, Fernández-Sánchez M, Sánchez-Margalet V. Sam68 mediates leptin signaling and action in human granulosa cells: possible role in leptin resistance in PCOS. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:479-488. [PMID: 32375121 PMCID: PMC7354740 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance, that leads to subfertility. Sam68 is an RNA-binding protein with signaling functions that is ubiquitously expressed, including gonads. Sam68 is recruited to leptin signaling, mediating different leptin actions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the role of Sam68 in leptin signaling, mediating the effect on aromatase expression in granulosa cells and the posible implication of Sam68 in the leptin resistance in PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Granulosa cells were from healthy donors (n = 25) and women with PCOS (n = 25), within the age range of 20 to 40 years, from Valencian Infertility Institute (IVI), Seville, Spain. Sam68 expression was inhibited by siRNA method and overexpressed by expression vector. Expression level was analysed by qPCR and immunoblot. Statistical significance was assessed by ANOVA followed by different post-hoc tests. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS We have found that leptin stimulation increases phosphorylation and expression level of Sam68 and aromatase in granulosa cells from normal donors. Downregulation of Sam68 expression resulted in a lower activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways in response to leptin, whereas overexpression of Sam68 increased leptin stimulation of signaling, enhancing aromatase expression. Granulosa cells from women with PCOS presented lower expression of Sam68 and were resistant to the leptin effect on aromatase expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the participation of Sam68 in leptin receptor signaling, mediating the leptin effect on aromatase expression in granulosa cells, and point to a new target in leptin resistance in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology. Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology. Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology. Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Correspondence should be addressed to V Sánchez-Margalet:
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Borba VV, Zandman-Goddard G, Shoenfeld Y. Exacerbations of autoimmune diseases during pregnancy and postpartum. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 33:101321. [PMID: 31564626 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases represent a complex heterogeneous group of disorders that occur as a results of immune homeostasis dysregulation and loss of self-tolerance. Interestingly, more than 80% of the cases are found among women at reproductive age. Normal pregnancy is associated with remarkable changes in the immune and endocrine signaling required to tolerate and support the development and survival of the placenta and the semi-allogenic fetus in the hostile maternal immune system environment. Gravidity and postpartum represent an extremely challenge period, and likewise the general population, women suffering from autoimmune disorders attempt pregnancy. Effective preconception counseling and subsequent gestation and postpartum follow-up are crucial for improving mother and child outcomes. This comprehensive review provides information about the different pathways modulating autoimmune diseases activity and severity, such as the influence hormones, microbiome, infections, vaccines, among others, as well as updated recommendations were needed, in order to offer those women better medical care and life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Vieira Borba
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gisele Zandman-Goddard
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Department of Medicine C, Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russia.
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Pérez‐Pérez A, Toro A, Vilariño‐García T, Maymó J, Guadix P, Dueñas JL, Fernández‐Sánchez M, Varone C, Sánchez‐Margalet V. Leptin action in normal and pathological pregnancies. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:716-727. [PMID: 29160594 PMCID: PMC5783877 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is now considered an important signalling molecule of the reproductive system, as it regulates the production of gonadotrophins, the blastocyst formation and implantation, the normal placentation, as well as the foeto-placental communication. Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted mainly by adipose tissue, and the placenta is the second leptin-producing tissue in humans. Placental leptin is an important cytokine which regulates placental functions in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Leptin seems to play a crucial role during the first stages of pregnancy as it modulates critical processes such as proliferation, protein synthesis, invasion and apoptosis in placental cells. Furthermore, deregulation of leptin levels has been correlated with the pathogenesis of various disorders associated with reproduction and gestation, including polycystic ovary syndrome, recurrent miscarriage, gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Due to the relevant incidence of the mentioned diseases and the importance of leptin, we decided to review the latest information available about leptin action in normal and pathological pregnancies to support the idea of leptin as an important factor and/or predictor of diverse disorders associated with reproduction and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pérez‐Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirgen Macarena University HospitalUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Ayelén Toro
- Laboratory of Placental Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Biological ChemistrySchool of SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresIQUIBICEN‐CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Teresa Vilariño‐García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirgen Macarena University HospitalUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Julieta Maymó
- Laboratory of Placental Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Biological ChemistrySchool of SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresIQUIBICEN‐CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Pilar Guadix
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirgen Macarena University HospitalUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - José L. Dueñas
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirgen Macarena University HospitalUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | | | - Cecilia Varone
- Laboratory of Placental Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Biological ChemistrySchool of SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresIQUIBICEN‐CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Víctor Sánchez‐Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirgen Macarena University HospitalUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Transcriptome-wide identification and competitive disruption of sacum-binding partners in human colorectal cancer. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 80:48-51. [PMID: 29328992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human sacum is regulatory adaptor protein involved in cellular signaling network of colorectal cancer. Molecular evidences suggest that the protein is integrated into oncogenic signaling network by binding to SH3-containing proteins through its proline-rich motifs. In this study, we have performed a transcriptome-wide analysis and identification of sacum-binding partners in the genome profile of human colorectal cancer. The sacum-binding potency of SH3-containing proteins found in colorectal cancer was investigated by using bioinformatics modeling and intermolecular binding analysis. With the protocol we were able to predict those high-affinity domain binders of the proline-rich peptides of human sacum in a high-throughput manner, and to analyze sequence-specific interaction in the domain-peptide recognition at molecular level. Consequently, a number of putative domain binders with both high affinity and specificity were identified, from which the Src SH3 domain was selected as a case study and tested for its binding activity towards the sacum peptides. We also designed two peptide variants that may have potent capability to competitively disrupt sacum interaction with its partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongwang Zhang
- Beijing Union Second Pharmaceutical Factory, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Transcriptome-wide identification and competitive disruption of sacum-binding partners in human colorectal cancer. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 77:259-262. [PMID: 28898789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human sacum is regulatory adaptor protein involved in cellular signaling network of colorectal cancer. Molecular evidence suggests that the protein is integrated into oncogenic signaling network by binding to SH3-containing proteins through its proline-rich motifs. In this study, we have performed a transcriptome-wide analysis and identification of sacum-binding partners in the genome profile of human colorectal cancer. The sacum-binding potency of SH3-containing proteins found in colorectal cancer was investigated by using bioinformatics modeling and intermolecular binding analysis. With the protocol we were able to predict those high-affinity domain binders of the proline-rich peptides of human sacum in a high-throughput manner, and to analyze sequence-specific interaction in the domain-peptide recognition at molecular level. Consequently, a number of putative domain binders with both high affinity and specificity were identified, from which the Src SH3 domain was selected as a case study and tested for its binding activity towards the sacum peptides. We also designed two peptide variants that may have potent capability to competitively disrupt sacum interaction with its partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongwang Zhang
- Beijing Union Second Pharmaceutical Factory, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Sam68 Mediates the Activation of Insulin and Leptin Signalling in Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158218. [PMID: 27415018 PMCID: PMC4944952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for breast cancer development in postmenopausal women. High insulin and leptin levels seem to have a role modulating the growth of these tumours. Sam68 is an RNA-binding protein with signalling functions that has been found to be overexpressed in breast cancer. Moreover, Sam68 may be recruited to insulin and leptin signalling pathways, mediating its effects on survival, growth and proliferation in different cellular types. We aimed to study the expression of Sam68 and its phosphorylation level upon insulin and leptin stimulation, and the role of Sam68 in the proliferative effect and signalling pathways that are activated by insulin or leptin in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. In the human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and BT-474, Sam68 protein quantity and gene expression were increased upon leptin or insulin stimulation, as it was checked by qPCR and immunoblot. Moreover, both insulin and leptin stimulation promoted an increase in Sam68 tyrosine phosphorylation and negatively regulated its RNA binding capacity. siRNA was used to downregulate Sam68 expression, which resulted in lower proliferative effects of both insulin and leptin, as well as a lower activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways promoted by both hormones. These effects may be partly explained by the decrease in IRS-1 expression by down-regulation of Sam68. These results suggest the participation of Sam68 in both leptin and insulin receptor signaling in human breast cancer cells, mediating the trophic effects of these hormones in proliferation and cellular growth.
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Proliferative and Migration Activity of JEG-3 Trophoblast Cell Line in the Presence of Cytokines. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 159:550-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-3013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Zhang H, Cong H, Song L, Tien P. The nuclear protein Sam68 is redistributed to the cytoplasm and is involved in PI3K/Akt activation during EV71 infection. Virus Res 2014; 180:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sánchez-Jiménez F, Sánchez-Margalet V. Role of Sam68 in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23402-19. [PMID: 24287914 PMCID: PMC3876053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The STAR family of proteins links signaling pathways to various aspects of post-transcriptional regulation and processing of RNAs. Sam68 belongs to this class of heteronuclear ribonucleoprotein particle K (hnRNP K) homology (KH) single domain-containing family of RNA-binding proteins that also contains some domains predicted to bind critical components in signal transduction pathways. In response to phosphorylation and other post-transcriptional modifications, Sam68 has been shown to have the ability to link signal transduction pathways to downstream effects regulating RNA metabolism, including transcription, alternative splicing or RNA transport. In addition to its function as a docking protein in some signaling pathways, this prototypic STAR protein has been identified to have a nuclear localization and to take part in the formation of both nuclear and cytosolic multi-molecular complexes such as Sam68 nuclear bodies and stress granules. Coupling with other proteins and RNA targets, Sam68 may play a role in the regulation of differential expression and mRNA processing and translation according to internal and external signals, thus mediating important physiological functions, such as cell death, proliferation or cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, UGC Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Avenue. Sánchez Pizjuan 4, Medical School, University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain.
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Sánchez-Jiménez F, Pérez-Pérez A, González-Yanes C, Varone CL, Sánchez-Margalet V. Sam68 mediates leptin-stimulated growth by modulating leptin receptor signaling in human trophoblastic JEG-3 cells. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:2306-15. [PMID: 21672929 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sam68, a member of the signal transduction and activation of RNA metabolism (STAR) family of RNA-binding proteins, has been previously implicated as an adaptor molecule in different signaling systems, including leptin receptor (LEPR) signaling. LEPR activation is known to stimulate JAK-STAT, MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways, thus mediating the biological effects of leptin in different cell types, including trophoblastic cells. We have recently found that leptin stimulation also promotes the overexpression and tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 in human trophoblastic JEG-3 cells, suggesting a role for Sam68 in leptin signaling and action in these cells. In the present work, we have studied the participation of Sam68 in the main signaling pathways activated by LEPR to increase growth and proliferation in trophoblastic JEG-3 cells. METHODS We used an antisense strategy to down-regulate Sam68 expression in these cells, and we studied LEPR signaling by immunoprecipitation and poly-U affinity precipitation and by analyzing phosphorylation levels of signaling proteins by immunoblot. The effect of leptin on protein synthesis and proliferation was studied by ³[H]-leucine and ³[H]-thymidine incorporation. RESULTS Sam68 knockdown impaired leptin activation of JAK-STAT, PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways in JEG-3 cells. We have also found that leptin-stimulated Sam68 tyrosine phosphorylation is dependent on JAK-2 activity, since the pharmacological inhibitor AG490 prevents the phosphorylation of Sam68 in JEG-3 cells. Finally, the trophic and proliferative effect of leptin in trophoblastic cells is dependent on Sam68 expression, since its down-regulation impaired the leptin-stimulated DNA and protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that Sam68 participates in the main signaling pathways of LEPR to mediate the trophic and proliferative effect of leptin in human trophoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville 41071, Spain
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