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Presence, Tissue Localization, and Gene Expression of the Adiponectin Receptor 1 in Testis and Accessory Glands of Male Rams during the Non-Breeding Season. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040601. [PMID: 36830390 PMCID: PMC9951751 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) is a member adipocytokines, and its actions are supported by two receptors, ADIPOQ receptor 1 and -2, respectively (ADIPOR1 and -R2). Our study was performed to evaluate the ADIPOR1 presence and location and its gene expression in reproductive tissues of the male ram, during its non-breading season. The different portions of the male ram reproductive system (testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, ampoule vas deferens, bulb-urethral gland) were collected in a slaughterhouse. Immunohistochemistry showed ADIPOR1 positive signals in the cytoplasm of all the glandular epithelial cells, with a location near the nucleus; in the testes, the positive reaction was evidenced in the cytoplasm in the basal portion of the germinal epithelial cells. The immune reaction intensity was highest (p < 0.001) in the prostate and seminal vesicles glands than that of other parts of the ram reproductive tract. RT-qPCR detected the ADIPOR1 transcript in the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles, and prostate; the expression levels were high (p < 0.01) in the prostate and low (p < 0.01) in the testis, epididymis, and bulbourethral glands. The present results evidenced the possible ADIPOQ/ADIPOR1 system's role in regulating the testicular activity of male rams during the non-breading season.
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Zhao F, Wei QW, Li BJ, Weng QN, Jiang Y, Ning CB, Liu KQ, Wu WJ, Liu HL. Impact of adrenocorticotropin hormone administration on the endocrinology, estrus onset, and ovarian function of weaned sows. Endocr J 2022; 69:23-33. [PMID: 34456194 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress affects the reproductive health of mammals; however, the impact of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) level elevation during chronic stress on the reproduction of weaned sows remains unclear. In this study, nine weaned sows with the same parturition date were randomly divided into control group (n = 4) and ACTH group (n = 5). Each group received intravenous administration of ACTH three times daily for 7 days. Blood samples were collected every 3 h after injection. A radioimmunoassay was used to measure the concentrations of cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E2) in the blood. Estrus was determined according to changes in the vulva and the boar contact test. The mRNA expressions of glucocorticoid receptor, FSH receptor, LH receptor (LHR) in the corpus luteum (CL) were detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed that ACTH administration substantially delayed the initiation of estrus and the pre-ovulatory LH peak. The sows of control group ovulated within 10 days and the ovulation rate was 100%, while it was 60% in the ACTH group. Two sows of ACTH group showed pseudo-estrus. The E2 concentrations significantly decreased in the ACTH group at 36 h, 42 h and 66 h of the experimental period. The P4 concentrations in the ACTH group significantly decreased at 132, 138, and 147 h of the experimental period. ACTH significantly reduced the LHR mRNA expression in CLs. In conclusion, long-term repeated ACTH administration affects the endocrinology, estrus onset, and ovarian function of weaned sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Quan-Wei Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bo-Jiang Li
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian-Nan Weng
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cai-Bo Ning
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai-Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wang-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong-Lin Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Etchevers L, Belotti EM, Díaz PU, Rodríguez FM, Rey F, Salvetti NR, Ortega HH, Amweg AN. MC2R/MRAP2 activation could affect bovine ovarian steroidogenesis potential after ACTH treatment. Theriogenology 2021; 174:102-113. [PMID: 34425302 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Stressors activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, reducing fertility by interfering with the mechanisms that regulate the timing of events within the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. In the HPA axis, melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) mediates responses to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in concert with melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2). The aims of the present study were: (1) to evaluate the effects of ACTH administered in cows in the preovulatory period on the expression of the MC2R/MRAP2 complex in the dominant follicle; and (2) to analyze the involvement of Extracellular signal Regulated Kinase 1 (ERK1) signaling in the activation of MC2R and the expression of key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids (GCs) in the dominant follicle. To this end, 100 IU ACTH was administered to Holstein cows from a local dairy farm during pro-estrus every 12 h for four days until ovariectomy, which was performed before ovulation. Protein immunostaining of MC2R was higher in the dominant follicles of ACTH-treated cows (p < 0.05). Also, Western blot analysis showed higher activation of the ERK1 signaling pathway in ACTH-treated cows (p < 0.05). Finally, immunohistochemistry performed in the dominant follicles of ACTH-treated cows detected higher expression of CYP17A1 and CYP21A2 (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the bovine ovary is able to respond locally to ACTH as a consequence of stress altering the expression of relevant steroidogenic enzymes. The results also confirm that the complete GC biosynthesis pathway is present in bovine dominant follicle and therefore GCs could be produced locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Etchevers
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E M Belotti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - P U Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - F M Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - F Rey
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - N R Salvetti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H H Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A N Amweg
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Hasenmajer V, Bonaventura I, Minnetti M, Sada V, Sbardella E, Isidori AM. Non-Canonical Effects of ACTH: Insights Into Adrenal Insufficiency. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:701263. [PMID: 34489864 PMCID: PMC8416901 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.701263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced from proopiomelanocortin, which is predominantly synthetized in the corticotroph and melanotroph cells of the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Although ACTH clearly has an effect on adrenal homeostasis and maintenance of steroid hormone production, it also has extra-adrenal effects that require further elucidation. Methods We comprehensively reviewed English language articles, regardless of whether they reported the presence or absence of adrenal and extra-adrenal ACTH effects. Results In the present review, we provide an overview on the current knowledge on adrenal and extra-adrenal effects of ACTH. In the section on adrenal ACTH effects, we focused on corticosteroid rhythmicity and effects on steroidogenesis, mineralocorticoids and adrenal growth. In the section on extra-adrenal effects, we have analyzed the effects of ACTH on the osteoarticular and reproductive systems, adipocytes, immune system, brain and skin. Finally, we focused on adrenal insufficiency. Conclusions The role of ACTH in maintaining the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is well known. Conversely, if we broaden our vision and analyze its role as a potential treatment strategy in other conditions, it will be evident in the literature that researchers seem to have abandoned this aspect in studies conducted several years ago. We believe it is worth re-evaluating the role of ACTH considering its noncanonical effects on the adrenal gland itself and on extra-adrenal organs and tissues; however, this would not have been possible without the recent advances in the pertinent technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea M. Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Effects of Obesity on Adiponectin System Skin Expression in Dogs: A Comparative Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082308. [PMID: 34438765 PMCID: PMC8388499 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adipokines are biologically active molecules with hormonal action, produced mainly by white adipose tissue and related to the individual’s nutritional status. Adiponectin with its receptors (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2) intervenes in the control of energy metabolism, as well as in the regulation of peripheral tissue functions. Adiponectin has a primary role in the skin in both physiological and pathological conditions, in addition, this molecule is greatly affected by nutritional status, and its serum level is lowered in the obese. In this work, the adiponectin system was evaluated in the skin of obese dogs along with adiponectin serum levels. Results were compared to normal weight dogs to evidence modifications in the obesity condition. Obesity is a widespread phenomenon in dogs, with a growing trend, as well, in humans; this condition may interfere with the local functionality of tissues, including the skin. The evaluation performed evidenced that adiponectin and ADIPOR2 skin expression is negatively correlated with the serum adiponectin level and accordingly with obesity. These findings evidence that the adiponectin system changes in the skin of obese dogs; this study also explores the role of adipokines in skin biology. Abstract Obesity is an important health issue in dogs since it influences a plethora of associated pathologies, including dermatological disorders. Considering the scarcity of information in pets, this work aimed to evaluate the localization and expression of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and its two receptors (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) in the skin of 10 obese dogs, compared with serum ADIPOQ level. Through immunohistochemistry, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 were observed in the adipose tissue, sweat and sebaceous glands, endothelium, and some connective cells. Both receptors were observed in the epidermis and the hair follicles, other than in the sweat and sebaceous glands. Real-time PCR evidenced that the ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 transcripts were expressed 5.4-fold (p < 0.01) and 2.3-fold less (p < 0.01), respectively, in obese than in normal weight dogs, while ADIPOR1 expression did not change. Obese dogs showed lower serum ADIPOQ levels than the normal weight group. Accordingly, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 expression in the skin appear negatively correlated with obesity in the same way as the serum ADIPOQ level. These findings evidence that ADIPOQ system changes in the skin of obese dogs and suggest that the ADIPOQ effect on the skin is at least in part regulated by the reduced expression of ADIPOR2.
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Zerani M, Polisca A, Boiti C, Maranesi M. Current Knowledge on the Multifactorial Regulation of Corpora Lutea Lifespan: The Rabbit Model. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020296. [PMID: 33503812 PMCID: PMC7911389 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Corpora lutea (CL) are temporary endocrine structures that secrete progesterone, which is essential for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. A variety of regulatory factors come into play in modulating the functional lifespan of CL, with luteotropic and luteolytic effects. Many aspects of luteal phase physiology have been clarified, yet many others have not yet been determined, including the molecular and/or cellular mechanisms that maintain the CL from the beginning of luteolysis during early CL development. This paper summarizes our current knowledge of the endocrine and cellular mechanisms involved in multifactorial CL lifespan regulation, using the pseudopregnant rabbit model. Abstract Our research group studied the biological regulatory mechanisms of the corpora lutea (CL), paying particular attention to the pseudopregnant rabbit model, which has the advantage that the relative luteal age following ovulation is induced by the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). CL are temporary endocrine structures that secrete progesterone, which is essential for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. It is now clear that, besides the classical regulatory mechanism exerted by prostaglandin E2 (luteotropic) and prostaglandin F2α (luteolytic), a considerable number of other effectors assist in the regulation of CL. The aim of this paper is to summarize our current knowledge of the multifactorial mechanisms regulating CL lifespan in rabbits. Given the essential role of CL in reproductive success, a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms will provide us with valuable insights on various reproductive issues that hinder fertility in this and other mammalian species, allowing to overcome the challenges for new and more efficient breeding strategies.
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Maranesi M, Di Loria A, Dall’Aglio C, Piantedosi D, Lepri E, Ciaramella P, Mercati F. Leptin System in Obese Dog Skin: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122338. [PMID: 33316917 PMCID: PMC7764193 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity is a widespread phenomenon in pets and its growing trend is similar to the human one. It can be associated with skin pathologies but there is little information on this field in domestic animals. Since in obesity adipokine plasmatic levels changes, in this study leptin (LEP) system was evaluated in the skin of obese dogs to observe changes in peripheral tissue. LEP is a hormone produced mainly by the adipose tissue and its serum level may reflect body mass index and BCS. LEP is also expressed in the skin and it has a prominent role in the biology of this tissue promoting cell proliferation and regulating the wound healing process. Investigation performed in obese and normal-weight dogs evidenced LEP and leptin receptor (LEPR) immunostaining in several skin structures. As LEP expression regards, differences were non-significant, while the LEPR transcripts appeared 10 fold higher in obesedogs. No differences were observed in the composition of skin associated immune system. The obese group-increased LEPR expression suggests that the receptor modulates the system control. The LEP system changes in the skin under obesity conditions however, the exact role of LEP in obese dog skin needs further insights. Abstract Obesity predisposes to several health problems including skin diseases. However, information on the relationship between obesity and skin disorders in pets is very scarce. Leptin (LEP) is mainly produced by adipose tissue and has a prominent role in skin biology. This study evaluated the LEP system in the skin of obese dogs compared to normal-weight animals. The investigation was carried out on 10 obese (Obese group) and 10 normal-weight (Normal-weight group) dogs through Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Cells of skin associated immune system were also evaluated. No differences were evidenced between the two groups as well as skin inflammation. LEP differences were no significant, while LEPR transcript appeared 10-fold higher in obesedogs than in normal-weight ones. Immunostaining for both molecules was observed in several skin structures such as the epidermis, hair follicles, and glands. No differences appeared in the skin associated immune system composition. This study is a preliminary report showing that LEP system changes in obese dog skin. The increased LEPR expression observed in the obese group suggests that the receptor plays a modulating role in the system control. However, the exact role of LEPin the skin under obesity conditions needs further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maranesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Antonio Di Loria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II of Napoli, via F. Delpino 1, 080137 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.L.); (D.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Cecilia Dall’Aglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (E.L.); Tel.: +39-075-585-7633 (C.D.); +39-075-585-7733 (E.L.)
| | - Diego Piantedosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II of Napoli, via F. Delpino 1, 080137 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.L.); (D.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Elvio Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (E.L.); Tel.: +39-075-585-7633 (C.D.); +39-075-585-7733 (E.L.)
| | - Paolo Ciaramella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II of Napoli, via F. Delpino 1, 080137 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.L.); (D.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Francesca Mercati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.)
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Correlated response to selection for litter size environmental variability in rabbits' resilience. Animal 2019; 13:2348-2355. [PMID: 30806348 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilience is the ability of an animal to return soon to its initial productivity after facing diverse environmental challenges. This trait is directly related to animal welfare and it plays a key role in fluctuations of livestock productivity. A divergent selection experiment for environmental variance of litter size has been performed successfully in rabbits over ten generations. The objective of this study was to analyse resilience indicators of stress and disease in the divergent lines of this experiment. The high line showed a lower survival rate at birth than the low line (-4.1%). After correcting by litter size, the difference was -3.2%. Involuntary culling rate was higher in the high than in the low line (+12.4%). Before vaccination against viral haemorrhagic disease or myxomatosis, concentration of lymphocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3, serum bilirubin, triglycerides and cholesterol were higher in the high line than in the low line (difference between lines +4.5%, +5.6 µg/ml, +4.6 mg/ml, +7.9 mmol/l, +0.3 mmol/l and +0.4 mmol/l). Immunological and biochemical responses to the two vaccines were similar. After vaccination, the percentage of lymphocytes and CRP concentration were higher in the low line than in the high one (difference between lines +4.0% and +13.1 µg/ml). The low line also showed a higher increment in bilirubin and triglycerides than the high line (+14.2 v. +8.7 mmol/l for bilirubin and +0.11 v. +0.01 mmol/l for triglycerides); these results would agree with the protective role of bilirubin and triglycerides against the larger inflammatory response found in this line. In relation to stress, the high line had higher basal concentration of cortisol than the low line (+0.2ng/ml); the difference between lines increased more than threefold after the injection of ACTH 1 to 24, the increase being greater in the high line (+0.9 ng/ml) than in the low line (+0.4 ng/ml). Selection for divergent environmental variability of litter size leads to dams with different culling rate for reproductive causes and different kits' neonatal survival. These associations suggest that the observed fitness differences are related to differences in the inflammatory response and the corticotrope response to stress, which are two important components of physiological adaptation to environmental aggressions.
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Zhao F, Wu W, Wei Q, Shen M, Li B, Jiang Y, Liu K, Liu H. Exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone affects genome‐wide DNA methylation and transcriptome of corpus luteum in sows. FASEB J 2018; 33:3264-3278. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801081rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Wangjun Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- Laboratory of Animal ReproductionCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Ming Shen
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Bojiang Li
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Kaiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are melanocortin receptors (MCR1-5) expressed in the endometrium? SUMMARY ANSWER MCR1-5 are expressed in endometrium to varying degrees, with MC2R, MC3R and MC5R being the most abundant and the majority of expression being observed in glandular epithelium. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Women with Addison's disease who were being administered synthetic ACTH reported menstrual complications as a side effect. There is no previous literature on expression of the melanocortin receptors within the endometrium, and therefore whether ACTH may directly affect the endometrial vasculature. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Endometrial biopsies were taken from hysterectomy specimens in control women without endometrial pathology (n = 4 for each of proliferative and late-secretory phases). Biopsies were formalin fixed and embedded in paraffin wax. Decidual samples (n = 7) were cultured in a range of concentrations of synthetic ACTH for 3 days before being formalin fixed and embedded in paraffin wax. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Endometrial paraffin embedded sections were immunostained for MCR1-5 and assessed using a modified quickscore with luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium, stromal cells, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells all being assessed separately. Cultured decidual biopsy paraffin embedded sections were immunostained for H-caldesmon and the number of layers of vascular smooth muscle cells surrounding the vessel assessed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE All five melanocortin receptors were shown to be immunolocalised to the endometrium, with MC5R, MC2R and MC3R being the most abundant and limited immunostaining being observed for MC1R and MC4R. Treatment of decidual biopsies with synthetic adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) resulted in loss of vascular integrity. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is an observational study and does not definitively demonstrate a link between synthetic ACTH administration and menstrual complications. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study to demonstrate widespread expression of melanocortin receptors within the endometrium. Further study is required to determine the role of this hormone family in endometrial function. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The work was part funded by MRC grant G09000001. The authors have no competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia M Lantang
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barbara A Innes
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Earn H Gan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon H Pearce
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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A retrospective investigation on canine papillomavirus 1 (CPV1) in oral oncogenesis reveals dogs are not a suitable animal model for high-risk HPV-induced oral cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112833. [PMID: 25401953 PMCID: PMC4234530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CPV1 (also called COPV) is a papillomavirus responsible for oral papillomatosis in young dogs. The involvement of this viral type in oral oncogenesis has been hypothesized in oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), but has never been investigated in other neoplastic and hyperplastic oral lesions of dogs. Aim of this study was to investigate the presence of CPV1 in different neoplastic and hyperplastic lesions in order to assess its role in canine oral oncogenesis; according to the results obtained, a second aim of the study was to define if the dog can be considered a valid animal model for oral high risk HPV-induced tumors. Eighty-eight formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) canine oral lesions including 78 oral tumors (papillomas, SCCs, melanomas, ameloblastomas, oral adenocarcinomas) and 10 hyperplastic lesions (gingival hyperplasia) were investigated with immunohistochemistry for the presence of papillomavirus L1 protein and with Real-Time PCR for CPV1 DNA. RT-PCR for RNA was performed on selected samples. All viral papillomas tested were positive for immunohistochemistry and Real-time PCR. In 3/33 (10%) SCCs, viral DNA was demonstrated but no viral RNA could be found. No positivity was observed both with immunohistochemistry and Real-Time PCR in the other hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the oral cavity of dogs. Even though the finding of CPV1 DNA in few SCCs in face of a negative immunohistochemistry could support the hypothesis of an abortive infection in the development of these lesions, the absence of viral RNA points out that CPV1 more likely represents an innocent bystander in SCC oncogenesis. The study demonstrates a strong association between CPV1 and oral viral papillomas whereas viral contribution to the pathogenesis of other oral lesions seems unlikely. Moreover, it suggests that a canine model of CPV1 infection for HPV-induced oncogenesis could be inappropriate.
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Non-invasive assessment of animal exercise stress: real-time PCR of GLUT4, COX2, SOD1 and HSP70 in avalanche military dog saliva. Animal 2014; 9:104-9. [PMID: 25245143 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114002304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to increase mRNA expression of a growing number of genes. The aim of this study was to assess if mRNA expression of the metabolism- and oxidative stress-related genes GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4), COX2 (cyclooxygenase 2), SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) and HSP70 (heat shock protein 70) in saliva changes following acute exercise stress in dogs. For this purpose, 12 avalanche dogs of the Italian Military Force Guardia di Finanza were monitored during simulation of a search for a buried person in an artificial avalanche area. Rectal temperature (RT) and saliva samples were collected the day before the trial (T0), immediately after the descent from a helicopter at the onset of a simulated avalanche search and rescue operation (T1), after the discovery of the buried person (T2) and 2 h later (T3). Expressions of GLUT4, SOD1, COX2 and HSP70 were measured by real-time PCR. The simulated avalanche search and rescue operation was shown to exert a significant effect on RT, as well as on the expression of all metabolism- and oxidative stress-related genes investigated, which peaked at T2. The observed expression patterns indicate an acute exercise stress-induced upregulation, as confirmed by the reductions in expression at T3. Moreover, our findings indicate that saliva is useful for assessing metabolism- and oxidative stress-related genes without the need for restraint, which could affect working dog performance.
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Sirotkin AV, Chrenek P, Kolesarová A, Parillo F, Zerani M, Boiti C. Novel regulators of rabbit reproductive functions. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 148:188-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Porto-Neto LR, Lee SH, Sonstegard TS, Van Tassell CP, Lee HK, Gibson JP, Gondro C. Genome-wide detection of signatures of selection in Korean Hanwoo cattle. Anim Genet 2014; 45:180-90. [PMID: 24494817 DOI: 10.1111/age.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Korean Hanwoo cattle have been intensively selected for production traits, especially high intramuscular fat content. It is believed that ancient crossings between different breeds contributed to forming the Hanwoo, but little is known about the genomic differences and similarities between other cattle breeds and the Hanwoo. In this work, cattle breeds were grouped by origin into four types and used for comparisons: the Europeans (represented by six breeds), zebu (Nelore), African taurine (N'Dama) and Hanwoo. All animals had genotypes for around 680 000 SNPs after quality control of genotypes. Average heterozygosity was lower in Nelore and N'Dama (0.22 and 0.21 respectively) than in Europeans (0.26-0.31, with Shorthorn as outlier at 0.24) and Hanwoo (0.29). Pairwise FST analyses demonstrated that Hanwoo are more related to European cattle than to Nelore, with N'Dama in an intermediate position. This finding was corroborated by principal components and unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Using genome-wide smoothed FST , 55 genomic regions potentially under positive selection in Hanwoo were identified. Among these, 29 were regions also detected in previous studies. Twenty-four regions were exclusive to Hanwoo, and a number of other regions were shared with one or two of the other groups. These regions overlap a number of genes that are related to immune, reproduction and fatty acid metabolism pathways. Further analyses are needed to better characterize the ancestry of the Hanwoo cattle and to define the genes responsible to the identified selection peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Porto-Neto
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia; School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4345, Australia
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Parillo F, Zerani M, Maranesi M, Dall'Aglio C, Galeati G, Brecchia G, Boiti C, González-Mariscal G. Ovarian hormones and fasting differentially regulate pituitary receptors for estrogen and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in rabbit female. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 77:201-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Parillo
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina veterinaria; Università di Camerino; 62024 Matelica Italy
| | - M. Zerani
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina veterinaria; Università di Camerino; 62024 Matelica Italy
| | - M. Maranesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze biopatologiche ed Igiene delle produzioni animali e alimentari; Laboratorio di Biotecnologie fisiologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia veterinaria, Università di Perugia; 06126 Perugia Italy
| | - C. Dall'Aglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze biopatologiche ed Igiene delle produzioni animali e alimentari; Laboratorio di Biotecnologie fisiologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia veterinaria, Università di Perugia; 06126 Perugia Italy
| | - G. Galeati
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche veterinarie; Università di Bologna; 40064 Ozzano Emilia Italy
| | - G. Brecchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze biopatologiche ed Igiene delle produzioni animali e alimentari; Laboratorio di Biotecnologie fisiologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia veterinaria, Università di Perugia; 06126 Perugia Italy
| | - C. Boiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze biopatologiche ed Igiene delle produzioni animali e alimentari; Laboratorio di Biotecnologie fisiologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia veterinaria, Università di Perugia; 06126 Perugia Italy
| | - G. González-Mariscal
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal CINVESTAV; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV; Tlaxcala Mexico
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Liang B, Wei DL, Cheng YN, Yuan HJ, Lin J, Cui XZ, Luo MJ, Tan JH. Restraint Stress Impairs Oocyte Developmental Potential in Mice: Role of CRH-Induced Apoptosis of Ovarian Cells1. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:64. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.110619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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