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Van der Vorst EPC, Biessen EAL. Unwrapped and uNCORked: PPAR-γ repression in atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:e32-e34. [PMID: 31754688 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P C Van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Nuclear Receptors and Clock Components in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189721. [PMID: 34575881 PMCID: PMC8468608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still the first cause of death worldwide. Their main origin is the development of atherosclerotic plaque, which consists in the accumulation of lipids and inflammatory leucocytes within the vascular wall of large vessels. Beyond dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, hypertension and smoking, the alteration of circadian rhythms, in shift workers for instance, has recently been recognized as an additional risk factor. Accordingly, targeting a pro-atherogenic pathway at the right time window, namely chronotherapy, has proven its efficiency in reducing plaque progression without affecting healthy tissues in mice, thus providing the rationale of such an approach to treat CVD and to reduce drug side effects. Nuclear receptors are transcriptional factors involved in the control of many physiological processes. Among them, Rev-erbs and RORs control metabolic homeostasis, inflammatory processes and the biological clock. In this review, we discuss the opportunity to dampen atherosclerosis progression by targeting such ligand-activated core clock components in a (chrono-)therapeutic approach in order to treat CVD.
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3
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Tedjawirja VN, Nieuwdorp M, Yeung KK, Balm R, de Waard V. A Novel Hypothesis: A Role for Follicle Stimulating Hormone in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development in Postmenopausal Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:726107. [PMID: 34721292 PMCID: PMC8548664 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.726107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilatation of the abdominal aorta, which can potentially be fatal due to exsanguination following rupture. Although AAA is less prevalent in women, women with AAA have a more severe AAA progression compared to men as reflected by enhanced aneurysm growth rates and a higher rupture risk. Women are diagnosed with AAA at an older age than men, and in line with increased osteoporosis and cardiovascular events, the delayed AAA onset has been attributed to the reduction of the protective effect of oestrogens during the menopausal transition. However, new insights have shown that a high follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level during menopause may also play a key role in those diseases. In this report we hypothesize that FSH may aggravate AAA development and progression in postmenopausal women via a direct and/or indirect role, promoting aorta pathology. Since FSH receptors (FSHR) are reported on many other cell types than granulosa cells in the ovaries, it is feasible that FSH stimulation of FSHR-bearing cells such as aortic endothelial cells or inflammatory cells, could promote AAA formation directly. Indirectly, AAA progression may be influenced by an FSH-mediated increase in osteoporosis, which is associated with aortic calcification. Also, an FSH-mediated decrease in cholesterol uptake by the liver and an increase in cholesterol biosynthesis will increase the cholesterol level in the circulation, and subsequently promote aortic atherosclerosis and inflammation. Lastly, FSH-induced adipogenesis may lead to obesity-mediated dysfunction of the microvasculature of the aorta and/or modulation of the periaortic adipose tissue. Thus the long term increased plasma FSH levels during the menopausal transition may contribute to enhanced AAA disease in menopausal women and could be a potential novel target for treatment to lower AAA-related events in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria N. Tedjawirja
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Victoria N. Tedjawirja,
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kak Khee Yeung
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ron Balm
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vivian de Waard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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4
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Geiger MA, Guillaumon AT, Paneni F, Matter CM, Stein S. Role of the Nuclear Receptor Corepressor 1 (NCOR1) in Atherosclerosis and Associated Immunometabolic Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:569358. [PMID: 33117357 PMCID: PMC7578257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.569358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is part of chronic immunometabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Their common risk factors comprise hypertension, insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and dyslipidemias, such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, which are part of the metabolic syndrome. Immunometabolic diseases include chronic pathologies that are affected by both metabolic and inflammatory triggers and mediators. Important and challenging questions in this context are to reveal how metabolic triggers and their downstream signaling affect inflammatory processes and vice-versa. Along these lines, specific nuclear receptors sense changes in lipid metabolism and in turn induce downstream inflammatory and metabolic processes. The transcriptional activity of these nuclear receptors is regulated by the nuclear receptor corepressors (NCORs), including NCOR1. In this review we describe the function of NCOR1 as a central immunometabolic regulator and focus on its role in atherosclerosis and associated immunometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Geiger
- Vascular Diseases Discipline, Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana T Guillaumon
- Vascular Diseases Discipline, Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) pose a considerable health burden and at present are only managed surgically since there is no proven pharmacotherapy that will retard their expansion or reduce the incidence of fatal rupture. This pathology shares several pathophysiological mechanisms with atherosclerosis, such as macrophage infiltration, inflammation, and degradation of extracellular matrix. Therefore, therapeutic targets proven effective in the treatment of atherosclerosis could also be considered for treatment of AAA. Different members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily have been extensively studied as potential targets in the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and therefore might also be suited for AAA treatment. In this context, this review summarizes the role of different NRs in CVD, mostly atherosclerosis, and discusses in detail the current knowledge of their implications in AAA. From this overview it becomes apparent that NRs that were attributed a beneficial or adverse role in CVD have similar roles in AAA. Together, this overview provides compelling evidence to consider several NRs as attractive targets for future treatment of AAA.
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6
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Kurakula K, Sun XQ, Happé C, da Silva Goncalves Bos D, Szulcek R, Schalij I, Wiesmeijer KC, Lodder K, Tu L, Guignabert C, de Vries CJ, de Man FS, Vonk Noordegraaf A, ten Dijke P, Goumans MJ, Bogaard HJ. Prevention of progression of pulmonary hypertension by the Nur77 agonist 6-mercaptopurine: role of BMP signalling. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.02400-2018. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02400-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive fatal disease characterised by abnormal remodelling of pulmonary vessels, leading to increased vascular resistance and right ventricle failure. This abnormal vascular remodelling is associated with endothelial cell dysfunction, increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells, inflammation and impaired bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling. Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is a key regulator of proliferation and inflammation in vascular cells, but its role in impaired BMP signalling and vascular remodelling in PAH is unknown.We hypothesised that activation of Nur77 by 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) would improve PAH by inhibiting endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular remodelling.Nur77 expression is decreased in cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and lungs of PAH patients. Nur77 significantly increased BMP signalling and strongly decreased proliferation and inflammation in MVECs. In addition, conditioned medium from PAH MVECs overexpressing Nur77 inhibited the growth of healthy smooth muscle cells. Pharmacological activation of Nur77 by 6-MP markedly restored MVEC function by normalising proliferation, inflammation and BMP signalling. Finally, 6-MP prevented and reversed abnormal vascular remodelling and right ventricle hypertrophy in the Sugen/hypoxia rat model of severe angioproliferative PAH.Our data demonstrate that Nur77 is a critical modulator in PAH by inhibiting vascular remodelling and increasing BMP signalling, and activation of Nur77 could be a promising option for the treatment of PAH.
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Takahashi H, Nomiyama T, Terawaki Y, Kawanami T, Hamaguchi Y, Tanaka T, Tanabe M, Bruemmer D, Yanase T. GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exendin-4 Attenuates NR4A Orphan Nuclear Receptor NOR1 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 26:183-197. [PMID: 29962378 PMCID: PMC6365156 DOI: 10.5551/jat.43414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recently, incretin therapy has attracted increasing attention because of its potential use in tissue-protective therapy. Neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) is a nuclear orphan receptor that regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the vascular-protective effect of Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, by inhibiting NOR1 expression in VSMCs. METHODS We classified 7-week-old male 129X1/SvJ mice into control group and Ex-4 low- and high-dose-treated groups fed normal or high-fat diets, respectively. Endothelial denudation injuries were induced in the femoral artery at 8 weeks of age, followed by the evaluation of neointima formation at 12 weeks of age. To evaluate VSMC proliferation, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay and cell cycle distribution analysis were performed. NOR1 and cell cycle regulators were detected using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase assays. RESULTS Ex-4 treatment reduced vascular injury-induced neointima formation compared with controls. In terms of VSMCs occupying the neointima area, VSMC numbers and NOR1-expressing proliferative cells were significantly decreased by Ex-4 in a dose-dependent manner in both diabetic and non-diabetic mice. In vitro experiments using primary cultured VSMCs revealed that Ex-4 attenuated NOR1 expression by reducing extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mitogen-activated protein kinase and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylations. Furthermore, in the cell cycle distribution analysis, serum-induced G1-S phase entry was significantly attenuated by Ex-4 treatment of VSMCs by inhibiting the induction of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2. CONCLUSION Ex-4 attenuates neointima formation after vascular injury and VSMC proliferation possibly by inhibiting NOR1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Takashi Nomiyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Yuichi Terawaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Takako Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Yuriko Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Makito Tanabe
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Dennis Bruemmer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Toshihiko Yanase
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University
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8
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Wang D, Uhrin P, Mocan A, Waltenberger B, Breuss JM, Tewari D, Mihaly-Bison J, Huminiecki Ł, Starzyński RR, Tzvetkov NT, Horbańczuk J, Atanasov AG. Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as a therapeutic target. Part 1: molecular targets and pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1586-1607. [PMID: 29684502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of human death worldwide. Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to the etiology of such diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and pulmonary hypertension. The control of vascular cell proliferation is complex and encompasses interactions of many regulatory molecules and signaling pathways. Herein, we recapitulated the importance of signaling cascades relevant for the regulation of vascular cell proliferation. Detailed understanding of the mechanism underlying this process is essential for the identification of new lead compounds (e.g., natural products) for vascular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes M Breuss
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, 263136 Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Judit Mihaly-Bison
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Łukasz Huminiecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Rafał R Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; NTZ Lab Ltd., Krasno Selo 198, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jarosław Horbańczuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Lin LM, Peng F, Liu YP, Chai DJ, Ning RB, Xu CS, Lin JX. Coadministration of VDR and RXR agonists synergistically alleviates atherosclerosis through inhibition of oxidative stress: An in vivo and in vitro study. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:273-281. [PMID: 27428295 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes contributes to atherosclerosis partially through induction of oxidative stress. Both vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists exhibit anti-atherogenic effects. METHODS We explored the effects of combination treatment with VDR and RXR agonists (represented by calcitriol and bexarotene, respectively) on atherosclerosis progression and the mechanisms involved, using a diabetes model of mice. The animals were intragastrically fed calcitriol (200 ng/kg, twice-a-week), bexarotene (10 mg/kg, once-daily) either alone or in combination for 12 weeks. RESULTS VDR and RXR agonists delayed atherosclerosis progression independent of serum lipid and glucose levels, and significantly reduced the protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit gp91phox and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65, as well as plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Combination therapy alleviated atherosclerosis and inhibited indexes of oxidative stress and inflammation to a greater extent than either monotherapy. In the in vitro study, naturally occurring VDR ligand 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3) and RXR ligand 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis-RA), both significantly inhibited high-glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Co-administration of VDR and RXR ligands produced synergistic protection against endothelial apoptosis by antagonizing the protein kinase C /NADPH oxidase/reactive oxygen species pathway. The inhibitory effects of 9-cis-RA on oxidative stress was attenuated when VDR was downregulated by VDR siRNA; however, downregulation of RXR by RXR siRNA imposed no influence on the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with VDR and RXR agonists synergistically alleviated diabetic atherosclerosis through inhibition of oxidative stress, and the preventive effects of RXR agonist may partially depend on VDR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - F Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Y P Liu
- Department of Coronary Care Unit, The Central Hospital of Zhurnadian City, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - D J Chai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - R B Ning
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - C S Xu
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - J X Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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10
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Kurakula K, Vos M, Logiantara A, Roelofs JJ, Nieuwenhuis MA, Koppelman GH, Postma DS, van Rijt LS, de Vries CJM. Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Attenuates Airway Inflammation in Mice by Suppressing NF-κB Activity in Lung Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1388-98. [PMID: 26170382 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by persistent chronic airway inflammation, which leads to mucus hypersecretion and airway hyperresponsiveness. Nuclear receptor Nur77 plays a pivotal role in distinct immune and inflammatory cells and is expressed in eosinophils and lung epithelium. However, the role of Nur77 in allergic airway inflammation has not been studied so far. In the present study, we determined the role of Nur77 in airway inflammation using a murine model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation. We found that OVA-challenged Nur77 knockout (KO) mice show significantly enhanced infiltration of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils and lymphocytes, and aggravated mucus production. The infiltration of macrophages is limited in this model and was similar in wild-type and Nur77 KO mice. Higher levels of Th2 cytokines were found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and draining lymph node cells of Nur77-KO mice, as well as increased serum IgG1 and IgG2a levels. Knockdown of Nur77 in human lung epithelial cells resulted in a marked increase in IκBα phosphorylation, corresponding with elevated NF-κB activity, whereas Nur77 overexpression decreased NF-κB activity. Consistently, Nur77 significantly decreased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and Muc5ac expression and also attenuated mucus production in lung epithelial cells. To further corroborate these findings, we searched for association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Nur77 gene with asthma and with the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. We identified three Nur77 single nucleotide polymorphisms showing association with severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma patients. Collectively, these findings support a protective role of Nur77 in OVA-induced airway inflammation and identify Nur77 as a novel therapeutic target for airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian Logiantara
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joris J Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje A Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, and Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Leonie S van Rijt
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
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11
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Franken R, Hibender S, den Hartog AW, Radonic T, de Vries CJM, Zwinderman AH, Groenink M, Mulder BJM, de Waard V. No beneficial effect of general and specific anti-inflammatory therapies on aortic dilatation in Marfan mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107221. [PMID: 25238161 PMCID: PMC4169510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Patients with Marfan syndrome have an increased risk of life-threatening aortic complications, mostly preceded by aortic dilatation. In the FBN1C1039G/+ Marfan mouse model, losartan decreases aortic root dilatation. We recently confirmed this beneficial effect of losartan in adult patients with Marfan syndrome. The straightforward translation of this mouse model to man is reassuring to test novel treatment strategies. A number of studies have shown signs of inflammation in aortic tissue of Marfan patients. This study examined the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapies in attenuating aortic root dilation in Marfan syndrome and compared effects to the main preventative agent, losartan. Methods and Results To inhibit inflammation in FBN1C1039G/+ Marfan mice, we treated the mice with losartan (angiotensin II receptor type 1 inhibitor), methylprednisolone (corticosteroid) or abatacept (T-cell-specific inhibitor). Treatment was initiated in adult Marfan mice with already existing aortic root dilatation, and applied for eight weeks. Methylprednisolone- or abatacept-treated mice did not reveal a reduction in aortic root dilatation. In this short time frame, losartan was the only treatment that significantly reduced aorta inflammation, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling and aortic root dilatation rate in these adult Marfan mice. Moreover, the methylprednisolone-treated mice had significantly more aortic alcian blue staining as a marker for aortic damage. Conclusion Anti-inflammatory agents do not reduce the aortic dilatation rate in Marfan mice, but possibly increase aortic damage. Currently, the most promising therapeutic drug in Marfan syndrome is losartan, by blocking the angiotensin II receptor type 1 and thereby inhibiting pSmad2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Franken
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stijntje Hibender
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander W. den Hartog
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlie J. M. de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aeilko H. Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Groenink
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara J. M. Mulder
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian de Waard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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12
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Malek G, Lad EM. Emerging roles for nuclear receptors in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4617-36. [PMID: 25156067 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly in the Western world. Over the last 30 years, our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease has grown exponentially thanks to the results of countless epidemiology, genetic, histological, and biochemical studies. This information, in turn, has led to the identification of multiple biologic pathways potentially involved in development and progression of AMD, including but not limited to inflammation, lipid and extracellular matrix dysregulation, and angiogenesis. Nuclear receptors are a superfamily of transcription factors that have been shown to regulate many of the pathogenic pathways linked with AMD and as such they are emerging as promising targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we will present the fundamental phenotypic features of AMD and discuss our current understanding of the pathobiological disease mechanisms. We will introduce the nuclear receptor superfamily and discuss the current literature on their effects on AMD-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goldis Malek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2351 Erwin Road, AERI Room 4006, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,
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