1
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Li Z, Bao X, Liu X, Wang W, Yang J. Gene network analyses of larvae under different egg-protecting behaviors provide novel insights into immune response mechanisms of Amphioctopus fangsiao. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108733. [PMID: 37028690 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Amphioctopus fangsiao was a representative economic species in cephalopods, which was vulnerable to marine bacteria. Vibrio anguillarum was a highly infectious pathogen that have recently been found to infect A. fangsiao and inhibit its growth and development. There were significant differences in the immune response mechanisms between egg-protected and egg-unprotected larvae. To explore larval immunity under different egg-protecting behaviors, we infected A. fangsiao larvae with V. anguillarum for 24 h and analyzed the transcriptome data about egg-protected and egg-unprotected larvae infected with 0, 4, 12, and 24 h using weighted gene co-expression networks (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Network analyses revealed a series of immune response processes after infection, and identified six key modules and multiple immune-related hub genes. Meanwhile, we found that ZNF family, such as ZNF32, ZNF160, ZNF271, ZNF479, and ZNF493 might play significant roles in A. fangsiao immune response processes. We first creatively combined WGCNA and PPI network analysis to deeply explore the immune response mechanisms of A. fangsiao larvae with different egg-protecting behaviors. Our results provided further insights into the immunity of V. anguillarum infected invertebrates, and laid the foundation for exploring the immune differences among cephalopods with different egg protecting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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2
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Sasaki L, Hamada Y, Yarimizu D, Suzuki T, Nakamura H, Shimada A, Pham KTN, Shao X, Yamamura K, Inatomi T, Morinaga H, Nishimura EK, Kudo F, Manabe I, Haraguchi S, Sugiura Y, Suematsu M, Kinoshita S, Machida M, Nakajima T, Kiyonari H, Okamura H, Yamaguchi Y, Miyake T, Doi M. Intracrine activity involving NAD-dependent circadian steroidogenic activity governs age-associated meibomian gland dysfunction. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:105-114. [PMID: 37117756 PMCID: PMC10154200 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Canonically, hormones are produced in the endocrine organs and delivered to target tissues. However, for steroids, the concept of tissue intracrinology, whereby hormones are produced in the tissues where they exert their effect without release into circulation, has been proposed, but its role in physiology/disease remains unclear. The meibomian glands in the eyelids produce oil to prevent tear evaporation, which reduces with aging. Here, we demonstrate that (re)activation of local intracrine activity through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent circadian 3β-hydroxyl-steroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) activity ameliorates age-associated meibomian gland dysfunction and accompanying evaporative dry eye disease. Genetic ablation of 3β-HSD nullified local steroidogenesis and led to atrophy of the meibomian gland. Conversely, reactivation of 3β-HSD activity by boosting its coenzyme NAD+ availability improved glandular cell proliferation and alleviated the dry eye disease phenotype. Both women and men express 3β-HSD in the meibomian gland. Enhancing local steroidogenesis may help combat age-associated meibomian gland dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sasaki
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Hamada
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yarimizu
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomo Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aya Shimada
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Khanh Tien Nguyen Pham
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xinyan Shao
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koki Yamamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Inatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morinaga
- Dpartment of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Dpartment of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujimi Kudo
- Department of Disease Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Disease Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shogo Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mamiko Machida
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahito Miyake
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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3
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Maynard TM, Horvath A, Bernot JP, Karpinski BA, Tavares ALP, Shah A, Zheng Q, Spurr L, Olender J, Moody SA, Fraser CM, LaMantia AS, Lee NH. Transcriptional dysregulation in developing trigeminal sensory neurons in the LgDel mouse model of DiGeorge 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1002-1017. [PMID: 32047912 PMCID: PMC7158380 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LgDel mice, which model the heterozygous deletion of genes at human chromosome 22q11.2 associated with DiGeorge/22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), have cranial nerve and craniofacial dysfunction as well as disrupted suckling, feeding and swallowing, similar to key 22q11DS phenotypes. Divergent trigeminal nerve (CN V) differentiation and altered trigeminal ganglion (CNgV) cellular composition prefigure these disruptions in LgDel embryos. We therefore asked whether a distinct transcriptional state in a specific population of early differentiating LgDel cranial sensory neurons, those in CNgV, a major source of innervation for appropriate oropharyngeal function, underlies this departure from typical development. LgDel versus wild-type (WT) CNgV transcriptomes differ significantly at E10.5 just after the ganglion has coalesced. Some changes parallel altered proportions of cranial placode versus cranial neural crest-derived CNgV cells. Others are consistent with a shift in anterior-posterior patterning associated with divergent LgDel cranial nerve differentiation. The most robust quantitative distinction, however, is statistically verifiable increased variability of expression levels for most of the over 17 000 genes expressed in common in LgDel versus WT CNgV. Thus, quantitative expression changes of functionally relevant genes and increased stochastic variation across the entire CNgV transcriptome at the onset of CN V differentiation prefigure subsequent disruption of cranial nerve differentiation and oropharyngeal function in LgDel mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Maynard
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech-Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016 USA.,Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Anelia Horvath
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,McCormick Genomics and Proteomics Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - James P Bernot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Beverly A Karpinski
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Andre L P Tavares
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Ankita Shah
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Liam Spurr
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Jacqueline Olender
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Sally A Moody
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Claire M Fraser
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony-S LaMantia
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech-Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016 USA.,Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA, 24061, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Norman H Lee
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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4
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Gene expression and functional abnormalities in XX/Sry Leydig cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:719. [PMID: 33436964 PMCID: PMC7804417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The SRY gene induces testis development even in XX individuals. However, XX/Sry testes fail to produce mature sperm, due to the absence of Y chromosome carrying genes essential for spermatogenesis. XX/Sry Sertoli cells show abnormalities in the production of lactate and cholesterol required for germ cell development. Leydig cells are essential for male functions through testosterone production. However, whether XX/Sry adult Leydig cells (XX/Sry ALCs) function normally remains unclear. In this study, the transcriptomes from XY and XX/Sry ALCs demonstrated that immediate early and cholesterogenic gene expressions differed between these cells. Interestingly, cholesterogenic genes were upregulated in XX/Sry ALCs, although downregulated in XX/Sry Sertoli cells. Among the steroidogenic enzymes, CYP17A1 mediates steroid 17α-hydroxylation and 17,20-lyase reaction, necessary for testosterone production. In XX/Sry ALCs, the latter reaction was selectively decreased. The defects in XX/Sry ALCs, together with those in the germ and Sertoli cells, might explain the infertility of XX/Sry testes.
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5
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Wang T, Nakagawa S, Miyake T, Setsu G, Kunisue S, Goto K, Hirasawa A, Okamura H, Yamaguchi Y, Doi M. Identification and functional characterisation of N-linked glycosylation of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor Gpr176. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4429. [PMID: 32157140 PMCID: PMC7064540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important drug targets with diverse therapeutic applications. However, there are still more than a hundred orphan GPCRs, whose protein functions and biochemical features remain unidentified. Gpr176 encodes a class-A orphan GPCR that has a role in circadian clock regulation in mouse hypothalamus and is also implicated in human breast cancer transcriptional response. Here we show that Gpr176 is N-glycosylated. Peptide-N-glycosidase treatment of mouse hypothalamus extracts revealed that endogenous Gpr176 undergoes N-glycosylation. Using a heterologous expression system, we show that N-glycosylation occurs at four conserved asparagine residues in the N-terminal region of Gpr176. Deficient N-glycosylation due to mutation of these residues reduced the protein expression of Gpr176. At the molecular function level, Gpr176 has constitutive, agonist-independent activity that leads to reduced cAMP synthesis. Although deficient N-glycosylation did not compromise this intrinsic activity, the resultant reduction in protein expression was accompanied by attenuation of cAMP-repressive activity in the cells. We also demonstrate that human GPR176 is N-glycosylated. Importantly, missense variations in the conserved N-glycosylation sites of human GPR176 (rs1473415441; rs761894953) affected N-glycosylation and thereby attenuated protein expression and cAMP-repressive activity in the cells. We show that N-glycosylation is a prerequisite for the efficient protein expression of functional Gpr176/GPR176.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shumpei Nakagawa
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takahito Miyake
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Genzui Setsu
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sumihiro Kunisue
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Goto
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Hirasawa
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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6
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Oral cholecalciferol supplementation alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm delivery partially through regulating placental steroid hormones and prostaglandins in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:235-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Yokoyama C, Chigi Y, Baba T, Ohshitanai A, Harada Y, Takahashi F, Morohashi KI. Three populations of adult Leydig cells in mouse testes revealed by a novel mouse HSD3B1-specific rat monoclonal antibody. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:916-920. [PMID: 30851938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Leydig cells play a pivotal function in the synthesis of a male sex steroid, testosterone. The ability of the steroid production is dependent on the expression of the steroidogenic genes, such as HSD3B (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5- Δ4 isomerase). It has been established that two different types of Leydig cells, fetal Leydig cells (FLCs) and adult Leydig cells (ALCs), are developed in mammalian testes. FLCs and ALCs are characterized by different sets of marker gene expression. In the case of mouse Leydig cells, Hsd3b1 (Hsd3b type 1) is expressed both in FLCs and ALCs whereas Hsd3b6 (Hsd3b type 6) is expressed in ALCs but not in FLCs. However, because the antibodies established so far for HSD3B were unable to distinguish between the HSD3B1 and HSD3B6 isoforms, it remained unclear whether both of them are expressed in every ALC. Therefore, in the present study, we generated a rat monoclonal antibody specific for mouse HSD3B1. Intriguingly, this monoclonal antibody together with an antibody specific for HSD3B6 identified three populations of ALCs based on the expression levels of these HSD3Bs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuta Chigi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Baba
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohshitanai
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yumi Harada
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Fumiya Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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8
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Shima Y, Miyabayashi K, Sato T, Suyama M, Ohkawa Y, Doi M, Okamura H, Suzuki K. Fetal Leydig cells dedifferentiate and serve as adult Leydig stem cells. Development 2018; 145:145/23/dev169136. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.169136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Previous studies have established that fetal Leydig cells (FLCs) and adult Leydig cells (ALCs) show distinct functional characteristics. However, the lineage relationship between FLCs and ALCs has not been clarified yet. Here, we reveal that a subset of FLCs dedifferentiate at fetal stages to give rise to ALCs at the pubertal stage. Moreover, the dedifferentiated cells contribute to the peritubular myoid cell and vascular pericyte populations in the neonatal testis, and these non-steroidogenic cells serve as potential ALC stem cells. We generated FLC lineage-specific Nr5a1 (Ad4BP/SF-1) gene-disrupted mice and mice lacking the fetal Leydig enhancer (FLE) of the Nr5a1 gene. Phenotypes of these mice support the conclusion that most of the ALCs arise from dedifferentiated FLCs, and that the FLE of the Nr5a1 gene is essential for both initial FLC differentiation and pubertal ALC redifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Shima
- Department of Anatomy, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kanako Miyabayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sato
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences and Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Fukuoka
| | - Mikita Suyama
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences and Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Fukuoka
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Fukuoka
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences and Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University (WMU), Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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9
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Michaelis M, Sobczak A, Koczan D, Langhammer M, Reinsch N, Schoen J, Weitzel JM. Selection for female traits of high fertility affects male reproductive performance and alters the testicular transcriptional profile. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:889. [PMID: 29157197 PMCID: PMC5697431 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many genes important for reproductive performance are shared by both sexes. However, fecundity indices are primarily based on female parameters such as litter size. We examined a fertility mouse line (FL2), which has a considerably increased number of offspring and a total litter weight of 180% compared to a randomly bred control line (Ctrl) after more than 170 generations of breeding. In the present study, we investigated whether there might be a parallel evolution in males after more than 40 years of breeding in this outbred mouse model. Results Males of the fertility mouse line FL2 showed reduced sperm motility performance in a 5 h thermal stress experiment and reduced birth rate in the outbred mouse line. Transcriptional analysis of the FL2 testis showed the differential expression of genes associated with steroid metabolic processes (Cyp1b1, Cyp19a1, Hsd3b6, and Cyp21a1) and female fecundity (Gdf9), accompanied by 150% elevated serum progesterone levels in the FL2 males. Cluster analysis revealed the downregulation of genes of the kallikrein-related peptidases (KLK) cluster located on chromosome 7 in addition to alterations in gene expression with serine peptidase activity, e.g., angiotensinogen (Agt), of the renin-angiotensin system essential for ovulation. Although a majority of functional annotations map to female reproduction and ovulation, these genes are differentially expressed in FL2 testis. Conclusions These data indicate that selection for primary female traits of increased litter size not only affects sperm characteristics but also manifests as transcriptional alterations of the male side likely with direct long-term consequences for the reproductive performance of the mouse line. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4288-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Michaelis
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Reproductive Biology, FBN Dummerstorf, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Alexander Sobczak
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martina Langhammer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Reinsch
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schoen
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Joachim M Weitzel
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Reproductive Biology, FBN Dummerstorf, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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10
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Gestational Zearalenone Exposure Causes Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity in Pregnant Rats and Female Offspring. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9010021. [PMID: 28067781 PMCID: PMC5308253 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is an oestrogenic mycotoxin commonly found in food and feed products and can affect reproduction and development in both humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the toxic effects of ZEN on maternal SD rats and the F1 female offspring. Sixty-four pregnant rats were divided into 4 groups and exposed to feed contaminated with ZEN (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg feed) on gestational days (GDs) 0–21. Compared with the controls, the groups exposed to 10 and 20 mg/kg ZEN showed significantly decreased feed intake and body weight of pregnant rats and/or female offspring. Meanwhile, 20 mg/kg ZEN significantly decreased the birth weight and viability of F1 newborn rats. Moreover, 10 and 20 mg/kg ZEN diets increased follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations but decreased oestradiol in both maternal and F1 adult rats. In the F1 generation, ZEN caused no pathological changes in ovaries and uterus in weaned rats, but significant follicular atresia and a thinning uterine layer were found in F1 female adult rats in the 20 mg/kg ZEN group. These impairments concurred with the inhibited mRNA and protein levels of oestrogen receptor-alpha (Esr1) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) in the adult uterus and/or ovaries. Furthermore, 10 and/or 20 mg/kg ZEN exposure significantly reduced Esr1, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHr), and ATP binding cassette transporters b1 and c1 (ABCb1 and ABCc1) in the placenta and foetal and weaned F1 brains, and also produced a dose-dependent increase in 3β-HSD in the placenta. Additionally, 20 mg/kg ZEN significantly upregulated ABCc5 expression in the placenta and ovaries of weaned rats. These results suggested that prenatal ZEN exposure in rats affected maternal and foetal development and may lead to long-term reproductive impairment in F1 adult females.
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Okamura H, Doi M, Goto K, Kojima R. Clock genes and salt-sensitive hypertension: a new type of aldosterone-synthesizing enzyme controlled by the circadian clock and angiotensin II. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:681-687. [PMID: 27439492 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
With the current societal norm of shiftwork and long working hours, maintaining a stable daily life is becoming very difficult. An irregular lifestyle disrupts circadian rhythms, resulting in the malfunction of body physiology and ultimately leading to lifestyle-related diseases, including hypertension. By analyzing completely arrhythmic Cry1/Cry2 double-knockout (Cry-null) mice, we found salt-sensitive hypertension accompanied by hyperaldosteronism. On the basis of a DNA microarray analysis of the adrenal gland and subsequent biochemical analyses, we discovered that Hsd3b6/HSD3B1, a subtype of 3β-HSD, is markedly overexpressed in aldosterone-producing cells in the Cry-null adrenal cortex. In addition, we found that Hsd3b6/HSD3B1, which converts pregnenolone to progesterone, is a clock-controlled gene and might also be a key enzyme for the regulation of aldosterone biosynthesis, in addition to the previously established CYP11B2, which synthesizes aldosterone from deoxycorticosterone. Importantly, angiotensin II induces HSD3B1 via the transcription factor NGFIB in human adrenocortical H295R cells, similarly to CYP11B2. As HSD3B1 levels are abnormally high in the adrenal aldosterone-producing cells of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA), the temporal component of this system in the pathophysiology of IHA is a promising area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Goto
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rika Kojima
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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Gpr176 is a Gz-linked orphan G-protein-coupled receptor that sets the pace of circadian behaviour. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10583. [PMID: 26882873 PMCID: PMC4757782 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) participate in a broad range of physiological functions. A priority for fundamental and clinical research, therefore, is to decipher the function of over 140 remaining orphan GPCRs. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain's circadian pacemaker, governs daily rhythms in behaviour and physiology. Here we launch the SCN orphan GPCR project to (i) search for murine orphan GPCRs with enriched expression in the SCN, (ii) generate mutant animals deficient in candidate GPCRs, and (iii) analyse the impact on circadian rhythms. We thereby identify Gpr176 as an SCN-enriched orphan GPCR that sets the pace of circadian behaviour. Gpr176 is expressed in a circadian manner by SCN neurons, and molecular characterization reveals that it represses cAMP signalling in an agonist-independent manner. Gpr176 acts independently of, and in parallel to, the Vipr2 GPCR, not through the canonical Gi, but via the unique G-protein subclass Gz. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the central regulator of circadian rhythms. Here the authors identify mouse Gpr176 as a pace modulator of this circadian clock and characterize its mode of action as coupling to Gz rather than Gi subunits.
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Wang Y, Ding JT, Yang HM, Yan ZJ, Cao W, Li YB. Analysis of Pigeon (Columba) Ovary Transcriptomes to Identify Genes Involved in Blue Light Regulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143568. [PMID: 26599806 PMCID: PMC4657987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Monochromatic light is widely applied to promote poultry reproductive performance, yet little is currently known regarding the mechanism by which light wavelengths affect pigeon reproduction. Recently, high-throughput sequencing technologies have been used to provide genomic information for solving this problem. In this study, we employed Illumina Hiseq 2000 to identify differentially expressed genes in ovary tissue from pigeons under blue and white light conditions and de novo transcriptome assembly to construct a comprehensive sequence database containing information on the mechanisms of follicle development. A total of 157,774 unigenes (mean length: 790 bp) were obtained by the Trinity program, and 35.83% of these unigenes were matched to genes in a non-redundant protein database. Gene description, gene ontology, and the clustering of orthologous group terms were performed to annotate the transcriptome assembly. Differentially expressed genes between blue and white light conditions included those related to oocyte maturation, hormone biosynthesis, and circadian rhythm. Furthermore, 17,574 SSRs and 533,887 potential SNPs were identified in this transcriptome assembly. This work is the first transcriptome analysis of the Columba ovary using Illumina technology, and the resulting transcriptome and differentially expressed gene data can facilitate further investigations into the molecular mechanism of the effect of blue light on follicle development and reproduction in pigeons and other bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Jia-tong Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JD); (HY)
| | - Hai-ming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JD); (HY)
| | - Zheng-jie Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yang-bai Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
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Shima Y, Matsuzaki S, Miyabayashi K, Otake H, Baba T, Kato S, Huhtaniemi I, Morohashi KI. Fetal Leydig Cells Persist as an Androgen-Independent Subpopulation in the Postnatal Testis. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1581-93. [PMID: 26402718 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two distinct types of Leydig cells emerge during the development of eutherian mammals. Fetal Leydig cells (FLCs) appear shortly after gonadal sex differentiation, and play a crucial role in masculinization of male fetuses. Meanwhile, adult Leydig cells (ALCs) emerge after birth and induce the secondary male-specific sexual maturation by producing testosterone. Previous histological studies suggested that FLCs regress completely soon after birth. Furthermore, gene disruption studies indicated that androgen signaling is dispensable for FLC differentiation but indispensable for postnatal ALC differentiation. Here, we performed lineage tracing of FLCs using a FLC enhancer of the Ad4BP/SF-1 (Nr5a1) gene and found that FLCs persist in the adult testis. Given that postnatal FLCs expressed androgen receptor (AR) as well as LH receptor (LuR), the effects of AR disruption on FLCs and ALCs were analyzed by crossing AR knockout (KO) mice with FLC-specific enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) mice. Moreover, to eliminate the influence of elevated LH levels in ARKO mice, LuRKO mice and AR/LuR double-KO mice were analyzed. The proportion of ALCs to postnatal FLCs was decreased in ARKO mice, and the effect was augmented in the double-KO mice, suggesting that androgen signaling plays important roles in ALCs, but not in FLCs. Finally, ARKO was achieved in an FLC-specific manner (FLCARKO mice), but the FLC number and gene expression pattern appeared unaffected. These findings support the conclusion that FLCs persist as an androgen-independent Leydig subpopulation in the postnatal testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Shima
- Department of Molecular Biology (Y.S., S.M., K.M., H.O., T.B., K.-i.M.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Soma Central Hospital (S.K.), Soma, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (I.H.), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology (I.H.), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sawako Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular Biology (Y.S., S.M., K.M., H.O., T.B., K.-i.M.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Soma Central Hospital (S.K.), Soma, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (I.H.), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology (I.H.), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kanako Miyabayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology (Y.S., S.M., K.M., H.O., T.B., K.-i.M.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Soma Central Hospital (S.K.), Soma, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (I.H.), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology (I.H.), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hiroyuki Otake
- Department of Molecular Biology (Y.S., S.M., K.M., H.O., T.B., K.-i.M.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Soma Central Hospital (S.K.), Soma, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (I.H.), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology (I.H.), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Takashi Baba
- Department of Molecular Biology (Y.S., S.M., K.M., H.O., T.B., K.-i.M.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Soma Central Hospital (S.K.), Soma, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (I.H.), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology (I.H.), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Department of Molecular Biology (Y.S., S.M., K.M., H.O., T.B., K.-i.M.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Soma Central Hospital (S.K.), Soma, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (I.H.), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology (I.H.), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Department of Molecular Biology (Y.S., S.M., K.M., H.O., T.B., K.-i.M.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Soma Central Hospital (S.K.), Soma, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (I.H.), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology (I.H.), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ken-ichirou Morohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology (Y.S., S.M., K.M., H.O., T.B., K.-i.M.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Soma Central Hospital (S.K.), Soma, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (I.H.), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology (I.H.), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Nikolakis G, Zouboulis CC. Skin and glucocorticoids: effects of local skin glucocorticoid impairment on skin homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2015; 23:807-8. [PMID: 25056134 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of skin as a de novo source of glucocorticoids and the importance of cutaneous glucocorticoidogenesis as a homeostatic mechanism in human skin is highlighted by Slominski et al. in a recently published issue. Impairment of glucocorticoidogenesis through noxious stimuli, such as UVB, can explain pathophysiology of skin diseases (e.g. rosacea). In addition to keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts, cutaneous adnexes also play a significant role as targets and sources of glucocorticoids, because they express most of the enzymes required for steroidogenesis. Glucocorticoids are also involved in the pathogenesis of acne lesions, affecting sebum production in vivo and in vitro. Certain steroidogenic enzymes, such as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, are upregulated in acne lesions. On this background, the paper by Slominski et al. provides further insights into dermatoendocrinology, with emphasis on the importance of an impairment of the skin's own hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-like axis in the pathophysiology of several skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nikolakis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
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Padua MB, Jiang T, Morse DA, Fox SC, Hatch HM, Tevosian SG. Combined loss of the GATA4 and GATA6 transcription factors in male mice disrupts testicular development and confers adrenal-like function in the testes. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1873-86. [PMID: 25668066 PMCID: PMC4398756 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The roles of the GATA4 and GATA6 transcription factors in testis development were examined by simultaneously ablating Gata4 and Gata6 with Sf1Cre (Nr5a1Cre). The deletion of both genes resulted in a striking testicular phenotype. Embryonic Sf1Cre; Gata4(flox/flox) Gata6(flox/flox) (conditional double mutant) testes were smaller than control organs and contained irregular testis cords and fewer gonocytes. Gene expression analysis revealed significant down-regulation of Dmrt1 and Mvh. Surprisingly, Amh expression was strongly up-regulated and remained high beyond postnatal day 7, when it is normally extinguished. Neither DMRT1 nor GATA1 was detected in the Sertoli cells of the mutant postnatal testes. Furthermore, the expression of the steroidogenic genes Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, and Hsd17b3 was low throughout embryogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a prominent reduction in cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1)- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-positive (3βHSD) cells, with few 17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase-positive (CYP17A1) cells present. In contrast, in postnatal Sf1Cre; Gata4(flox/flox) Gata6(flox/flox) testes, the expression of the steroidogenic markers Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b6 was increased, but a dramatic down-regulation of Hsd17b3, which is required for testosterone synthesis, was observed. The genes encoding adrenal enzymes Cyp21a1, Cyp11b1, Cyp11b2, and Mcr2 were strongly up-regulated, and clusters containing numerous CYP21A2-positive cells were localized in the interstitium. These data suggest a lack of testis functionality, with a loss of normal steroidogenic testis function, concomitant with an expansion of the adrenal-like cell population in postnatal conditional double mutant testes. Sf1Cre; Gata4(flox/flox) Gata6(flox/flox) animals of both sexes lack adrenal glands; however, despite this deficiency, males are viable in contrast to the females of the same genotype, which die shortly after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Padua
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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Teerds KJ, Huhtaniemi IT. Morphological and functional maturation of Leydig cells: from rodent models to primates. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:310-28. [PMID: 25724971 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leydig cells (LC) are the sites of testicular androgen production. Development of LC occurs in the testes of most mammalian species as two distinct growth phases, i.e. as fetal and pubertal/adult populations. In primates there are indications of a third neonatal growth phase. LC androgen production begins in embryonic life and is crucial for the intrauterine masculinization of the male fetal genital tract and brain, and continues until birth after which it rapidly declines. A short post-natal phase of LC activity in primates (including human) termed 'mini-puberty' precedes the period of juvenile quiescence. The adult population of LC evolves, depending on species, in mid- to late-prepuberty upon reawakening of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, and these cells are responsible for testicular androgen production in adult life, which continues with a slight gradual decline until senescence. This review is an updated comparative analysis of the functional and morphological maturation of LC in model species with special reference to rodents and primates. METHODS Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched between December 2012 and October 2014. Studies published in languages other than English or German were excluded, as were data in abstract form only. Studies available on primates were primarily examined and compared with available data from specific animal models with emphasis on rodents. RESULTS Expression of different marker genes in rodents provides evidence that at least two distinct progenitor lineages give rise to the fetal LC (FLC) population, one arising from the coelomic epithelium and the other from specialized vascular-associated cells along the gonad-mesonephros border. There is general agreement that the formation and functioning of the FLC population in rodents is gonadotrophin-responsive but not gonadotrophin-dependent. In contrast, although there is in primates some controversy on the role of gonadotrophins in the formation of the FLC population, there is consensus about the essential role of gonadotrophins in testosterone production. Like the FLC population, adult Leydig cells (ALC) in rodents arise from stem cells, which have their origin in the fetal testis. In contrast, in primates the ALC population is thought to originate from FLC, which undergo several cycles of regression and redifferentiation before giving rise to the mature ALC population, as well as from differentiation of stem cells/precursor cells. Despite this difference in origin, both in primates and rodents the formation of the mature and functionally active ALC population is critically dependent on the pituitary gonadotrophin, LH. From studies on rodents considerable knowledge has emerged on factors that are involved besides LH in the regulation of this developmental process. Whether the same factors also play a role in the development of the mature primate LC population awaits further investigation. CONCLUSION Distinct populations of LC develop along the life span of males, including fetal, neonatal (primates) and ALC. Despite differences in the LC lineages of rodents and primates, the end product is a mature population of LC with the main function to provide androgens necessary for the maintenance of spermatogenesis and extra-gonadal androgen actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja J Teerds
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6709 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilpo T Huhtaniemi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN London, UK Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Zheng L, Su J, Fang R, Jin M, Lei Z, Hou Y, Ma Z, Guo T. Developmental changes in the role of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) and its receptors in the reproductive axis of male Xiaomeishan pigs. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 154:113-20. [PMID: 25640458 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), a key regulator of vertebrate reproduction, was identified in the Japanese quail in 2000, and RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) was found to be a mammalian GnIH ortholog. To further determine its role in the reproductive system of male Xiaomeishan pigs, we systematically investigated changes in GnIH and its receptors (GPR147 and GPR74) during the development of the reproductive axis of male pigs. We also investigated the direct effect of RFRP-3 on the synthesis and secretion of testosterone in Leydig cells in vitro. The expression patterns of GnIH in the reproductive axis of male pigs at different stages of development (postnatal 3, 30, 60, 90, and 120D) were studied using semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Our results show that hypothalamic, pituitary and testicular levels of GnIH and its receptors mRNA significantly changed on postnatal day 30 and postnatal day 90. The immunoreactivities of the GnIH proteins were mainly localized to the spermatogenic cells, sustentacular cells and interstitial cells of the testis throughout sexual development. It was confirmed that different doses of GnIH/RFRP-3 inhibited the release and synthesis of testosterone, and impacted on the gene expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and P450, enzymes that play a key role in the synthesis of testosterone. Together, this research provides molecular and morphological data on the regulation of GnIH in the reproductive development of male pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucheng Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rui Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengmeng Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihai Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yuanlong Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Azmahani A, Nakamura Y, Felizola SJA, Ozawa Y, Ise K, Inoue T, McNamara KM, Doi M, Okamura H, Zouboulis CC, Aiba S, Sasano H. Steroidogenic enzymes, their related transcription factors and nuclear receptors in human sebaceous glands under normal and pathological conditions. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt B:268-79. [PMID: 25090634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The sebaceous gland is a major site of steroid synthesis in human skin, but details of the status of steroidogenic enzymes and their regulation in human sebaceous glands under normal and pathological conditions have rarely been reported. Therefore, in this study, we examined the status of steroidogenic enzymes, sex steroid receptors and transcription factors in human sebaceous glands under normal and pathological conditions to explore their possible roles in in situ steroid production in human skin. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in a total of 59 human skin specimens, including 22 normal human sebaceous glands, 12 with sebaceous nevus, 12 with sebaceous gland hyperplasia, 3 with sebaceoma and 10 with sebaceous carcinoma. Immortalised human SZ95 sebocytes were treated with forskolin or vehicle for 3h, 6h, 12h or 24h, and the mRNA levels of steroidogenic enzymes were evaluated at each time point using quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). The results of immunohistochemistry demonstrated the immunoreactivity of 3β-HSD1, CYP11A1, StAR, 17β-HSD5, CYP17A1, 5α-red1, PRB, AR and NGFI-B in normal human sebaceous gland, with lower levels of expression in pathological sebaceous glands. The results of the in vitro study also indicated that the expression levels of 3β-HSD1, CYP11A1, StAR, 5α-red1 and NGFI-B were elevated by forskolin. 3β-HSD1 and other steroidogenic enzymes were expressed in sebaceous glands resulting in in situ androgen and progesterone synthesis and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Azmahani
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Saulo J A Felizola
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yohei Ozawa
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazue Ise
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Inoue
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keely M McNamara
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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Angiotensin II triggers expression of the adrenal gland zona glomerulosa-specific 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoenzyme through de novo protein synthesis of the orphan nuclear receptors NGFIB and NURR1. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3880-94. [PMID: 25092869 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00852-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) is an enzyme crucial for steroid synthesis. Two different 3β-HSD isoforms exist in humans. Classically, HSD3B2 was considered the principal isoform present in the adrenal. However, we recently showed that the alternative isoform, HSD3B1, is expressed specifically within the adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG), where aldosterone is produced, raising the question of why this isozyme needs to be expressed in this cell type. Here we show that in both human and mouse, expression of the ZG isoform 3β-HSD is rapidly induced upon angiotensin II (AngII) stimulation. AngII is the key peptide hormone regulating the capacity of aldosterone synthesis. Using the human adrenocortical H295R cells as a model system, we show that the ZG isoform HSD3B1 differs from HSD3B2 in the ability to respond to AngII. Mechanistically, the induction of HSD3B1 involves de novo protein synthesis of the nuclear orphan receptors NGFIB and NURR1. The HSD3B1 promoter contains a functional NGFIB/NURR1-responsive element to which these proteins bind in response to AngII. Knockdown of these proteins and overexpression of a dominant negative NGFIB both reduce the AngII responsiveness of HSD3B1. Thus, the AngII-NGFIB/NURR1 pathway controls HSD3B1. Our work reveals HSD3B1 as a new regulatory target of AngII.
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