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Murali A, Brokesh AM, Cross LM, Kersey AL, Jaiswal MK, Singh I, Gaharwar A. Inorganic Biomaterials Shape the Transcriptome Profile to Induce Endochondral Differentiation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402468. [PMID: 38738803 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Minerals play a vital role, working synergistically with enzymes and other cofactors to regulate physiological functions including tissue healing and regeneration. The bioactive characteristics of mineral-based nanomaterials can be harnessed to facilitate in situ tissue regeneration by attracting endogenous progenitor and stem cells and subsequently directing tissue-specific differentiation. Here, cellular responses of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells to traditional bioactive mineral-based nanomaterials, such as hydroxyapatite, whitlockite, silicon-dioxide, and the emerging synthetic 2D nanosilicates are investigated. Transcriptome sequencing is utilized to probe the cellular response and determine the significantly affected signaling pathways due to exposure to these inorganic nanomaterials. Transcriptome profiles of stem cells treated with nanosilicates reveals a stabilized skeletal progenitor state suggestive of endochondral differentiation. This observation is bolstered by enhanced deposition of matrix mineralization in nanosilicate treated stem cells compared to control or other treatments. Specifically, use of 2D nanosilicates directs osteogenic differentiation of stem cells via activation of bone morphogenetic proteins and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha signaling pathway. This study provides insight into impact of nanomaterials on cellular gene expression profile and predicts downstream effects of nanomaterial induction of endochondral differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Murali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Anna M Brokesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Lauren M Cross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Anna L Kersey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Manish K Jaiswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Irtisha Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, 77807-3260, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Akhilesh Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Jun Q, Luo W. Early-stage serum Stanniocalcin 1 as a predictor of outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28222. [PMID: 34941085 PMCID: PMC8701780 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) takes part in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative processes, thus demonstrating neuroprotective properties. Early brain injuries associated with initial subarachnoid hemorrhage typically led to secondary cerebral infarction and poor outcomes. This retrospective study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of serum STC1 level in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.We collected demographic information, comorbidities, neurological status in detail. All blood samples were collected on admission. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to detect the serum level of STC1. Spearman analysis was used to explore the relationship between STC1 and clinical severity. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the prognostic role of STC1 in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to investigate the power of STC1 in predicting outcome in aSAH patients.Serum STC1 concentration was significantly higher in aSAH patients than in healthy individuals. Serum concentration of STC1 positively correlated with Hunt-Hess grade (r = 0.62, P < .01) and Fisher grade (r = 0.48, P < .01), and negatively correlated with Glasgow Coma Scale on admission (r = -0.45, P < .01). Patients with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) had higher level of serum STC1 than those without DCI (13.12 ± 1.44 vs 8.56 ± 0.31, P < .01). Moreover, patients with poor outcome had higher concentration of STC1 than patients with good outcome (11.82 ± 0.62 vs 8.21 ± 0.35,P < 0.01). Results of univariate and multivariate logistic analysis revealed that Hunt-hess III-IV, DCI, and high STC1 level were independent risk factors associated with poor outcome of patients with aSAH. Further analysis revealed that combination of STC1 with Hunt-hess grade was more superior to 2 indicators alone in predicting clinical outcome of aSAH patients.STC1 can be used as a novel biomarker in predicting outcome of patients with aSAH, especially when combined with Hunt-hess grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China
| | - Weijian Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji’nan University, Shenzhen, China
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The Regulatory Effect of MicroRNA-101-3p on Disc Degeneration by the STC1/VEGF/MAPK Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1073458. [PMID: 34650661 PMCID: PMC8510813 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1073458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims. Accumulating evidence reported that the microRNA (miRNA) took an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). In this study, we revealed a novel miRNA regulatory mechanism in IDD. Main Methods. The miRNA microarray analyses of human degenerated and normal disc samples were employed to screen out the target miRNA. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to verify the regulatory effect of miR-101-3p. Key Findings. The expression level of miR-101-3p was significantly decreased in the degenerated disc samples which were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Moreover, the miR-101-3p expression level was changed dynamically according to the disc degeneration grade. Upregulation of miR-101-3p expression level inhibited cell apoptosis. Furthermore, stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) was selected to be the target gene of miR-101-3p according to the bioinformatic algorithms. Mechanically, upregulation of miR-101-3p significantly decreased the expression of STC1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and MAPK pathway expression levels. Therapeutically, in vivo experiment on IDD rat model illustrated that agomir-101-3p could effectively suspend IDD. Significance. Our findings demonstrated that miR-101-3p alleviated IDD process through the STC1/VEGF/MAPK pathway.
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Jia L, Zhang Y, Li D, Zhang W, Zhang D, Xu X. Analyses of key mRNAs and lncRNAs for different osteo-differentiation potentials of periodontal ligament stem cell and gingival mesenchymal stem cell. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6217-6231. [PMID: 34028189 PMCID: PMC8256345 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) are candidate seed cells for bone tissue engineering, but the osteo-differentiation ability of the latter is weaker than the former, and the mechanisms are unknown. To explore the potential regulation of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), this study obtained the gene expression profiles of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs in both undifferentiated and osteo-differentiated conditions by microarray assay and then analysed the common and specific differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in hPDLSCs and hGMSCs through bioinformatics method. The results showed that 275 mRNAs and 126 lncRNAs displayed similar changing patterns in hPDLSCs and hGMSCs after osteogenic induction, which may regulate the osteo-differentiation in both types of cells. In addition, the expression of 223 mRNAs and 238 lncRNAs altered only in hPDLSCs after osteogenic induction, and 177 mRNAs and 170 lncRNAs changed only in hGMSCs. These cell-specific differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs could underlie the different osteo-differentiation potentials of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs. Finally, dickkopf Wnt signalling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1) was proved to be one regulator for the weaker osteo-differentiation ability of hGMSCs through validation experiments. We hope these results help to reveal new mRNAs-lncRNAs-based molecular mechanism for osteo-differentiation of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs and provide clues on strategies for improving stem cell-mediated bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglu Jia
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool and Hospital of StomatologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Dongfang Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool and Hospital of StomatologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool and Hospital of StomatologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool and Hospital of StomatologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xin Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool and Hospital of StomatologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
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Niu YB, Yang YY, Xiao X, Sun Y, Zhou YM, Zhang YH, Dong D, Li CR, Wu XL, Li YH, Mei QB. Quercetin prevents bone loss in hindlimb suspension mice via stanniocalcin 1-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1476-1486. [PMID: 32934346 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that diet quercetin (Quer) has obvious bone protective effects on ovariectomized rodents but thus far there is no direct evidence to support the inhibitory effect of Quer on bone loss caused by long-term unloading. In the present study, we investigated whether Quer could prevent bone loss induced by unloading in mice. Mice were subjected to hindlimb suspension (HLS) and received Quer (25, 50, 100 mg· kg-1 ·day-1, ig) for 4 weeks. Before euthanasia blood sample was collected; the femurs were harvested and subjected to MicroCT analysis. We showed that Quer administration markedly improved bone microstructure evidenced by dose-dependently reversing the reduction in bone volume per tissue volume, trabecular number, and bone mineral density, and the increase of trabecular spacing in mice with HLS. Analysis of serum markers and bone histometric parameters confirmed that Quer at both middle and high doses significantly decreased bone resorption-related markers collagen type I and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, and increased bone formation-related marker procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide as compared with HLS group. Treatment with Quer (1, 2, 5 μM) dose-dependently inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through promoting the expression of antioxidant hormone stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and decreasing ROS generation; knockdown of STC1 blocked the inhibitory effect of Quer on ROS generation. Knockdown of STC1 also significantly promoted osteoclastogenesis in primary osteoclasts. In conclusion, Quer protects bones and prevents unloading-caused bone loss in mice through STC1-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. The findings suggest that Quer has the potential to prevent and treat off-load bone loss as an alternative supplement.
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De Souza SK, Sarapio E, Vogt EL, Schein V, Fabres RB, Model JFA, Girelli V, Rocha DS, Da Silva RSM. Effects of stanniocalcin 1 hormone on lactate metabolism in rat kidney under fed and fasted conditions. Life Sci 2020; 256:117922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Costa BP, Schein V, Zhao R, Santos AS, Kliemann LM, Nunes FB, Cardoso JCR, Félix RC, Canário AVM, Brum IS, Branchini G. Stanniocalcin-1 protein expression profile and mechanisms in proliferation and cell death pathways in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 502:110659. [PMID: 31816356 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent male tumours. Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a glycoprotein and, although the role of STC1 in human cancer is poorly understood, it is suggested to be involved in the development and progression of different neoplasms. This study investigated the protein expression profile of STC1 in PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples and STC1 signalling during cell proliferation and cell death in vitro using cell lines. We found higher levels of STC1 in PCa when compared to BPH tissue and that STC1 inhibited forskolin stimulation of cAMP in PC-3 cells. A monoclonal antibody against STC1 was effective in reducing cell proliferation, in promoting cell cycle arrest, and in increasing apoptosis in the same cells. Since STC1 acts as a regulator of prostatic tissue signalling, we suggest that this protein is a novel candidate biomarker for prostate tumour clinical progression and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pasqualotto Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal do Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Schein
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R Zhao
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Lucia Maria Kliemann
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bordignon Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal do Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J C R Cardoso
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rute Castelo Félix
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - A V M Canário
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ilma Simoni Brum
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gisele Branchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal do Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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STC1 and PTHrP Modify Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Liver of a Teleost Fish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:723. [PMID: 30679516 PMCID: PMC6346029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) are calciotropic hormones in vertebrates. Here, a recently hypothesized metabolic role for these hormones is tested on European sea bass treated with: (i) teleost PTHrP(1-34), (ii) PTHrP(1-34) and anti-STC1 serum (pro-PTHrP groups), (iii) a PTHrP antagonist PTHrP(7-34) or (iv) PTHrP(7-34) and STC1 (pro-STC1 groups). Livers were analysed using untargeted metabolic profiling based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Concentrations of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), alanine, glutamine and glutamate increased in pro-STC1 groups suggesting their mobilization from the muscle to the liver for degradation and gluconeogenesis from alanine and glutamine. In addition, only STC1 treatment decreased the concentrations of succinate, fumarate and acetate, indicating slowing of the citric acid cycle. In the pro-PTHrP groups the concentrations of glucose, erythritol and lactate decreased, indicative of gluconeogenesis from lactate. Taurine, trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide and carnitine changed in opposite directions in the pro-STC1 versus the pro-PTHrP groups, suggesting opposite effects, with STC1 stimulating lipogenesis and PTHrP activating lipolysis/β-oxidation of fatty acids. These findings suggest a role for STC1 and PTHrP related to strategic energy mechanisms that involve the production of glucose and safeguard of liver glycogen reserves for stressful situations.
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STC1 promotes cell apoptosis via NF-κB phospho-P65 Ser536 in cervical cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46249-46261. [PMID: 28545028 PMCID: PMC5542264 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalin-1 (STC1) is a secreted glycoprotein hormone and involved in various types of human malignancies. Our previous studies revealed that STC1 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells through NF-κB P65 activation, but the mechanism is poorly understood. In our studies, we found overexpression of STC1 promoted cell apoptosis while silencing of STC1 promoted cell growth of cervical cancer. Phospho-protein profiling and Western blotting results showed the expression of NF-κB related phosphorylation sites including NF-κB P65 (Ser536), IκBα, IKKβ, PI3K, and AKT was altered in STC1-overexpressed cervical cancer cells. Moreover, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, AKT-shRNA and IκBα-shRNA could decrease the protein content of phospho-P65 (Ser536), phospho-IκBα, phospho-AKT and phospho-IKKβ while increasing the level of P65 compared to STC1 overexpression groups in cervical cancer cells. Also, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, AKT-shRNA and IκBα-shRNA elevated the percentage of apoptosis and suppressed the G1/S transition in those cells. Additionally, STC1 level was decreased in cervical cancer, especial in stage II and III. The results of immunohistochemistry for the cervical cancer microarray showed that a lower level of STC1, phospho-PI3K and P65 protein expression in tumor tissues than that in normal tissues, and a higher level of phospho-P65 protein expression in tumor tissues, which is consistent with the results of the Western blotting. These data demonstrated that STC1 can promote cell apoptosis via NF-κB phospho-P65 (Ser536) by PI3K/AKT, IκBα and IKK signaling in cervical cancer cells. Our results offer the first mechanism that explains the link between STC1 and cell apoptosis in cervical cancer.
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Pal J, Patil V, Kumar A, Kaur K, Sarkar C, Somasundaram K. Loss-of-Function Mutations in Calcitonin Receptor ( CALCR) Identify Highly Aggressive Glioblastoma with Poor Outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:1448-1458. [PMID: 29263181 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Despite significant advances in the understanding of the biology, the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) remains dismal. The objective was to carry out whole-exome sequencing (WES) of Indian glioma and integrate with that of TCGA to find clinically relevant mutated pathways.Experimental Design: WES of different astrocytoma samples (n = 42; Indian cohort) was carried out and compared with that of TCGA cohort. An integrated analysis of mutated genes from Indian and TCGA cohorts was carried out to identify survival association of pathways with genetic alterations. Patient-derived glioma stem-like cells, glioma cell lines, and mouse xenograft models were used for functional characterization of calcitonin receptor (CALCR) and establish it as a therapeutic target.Results: A similar mutation spectrum between the Indian cohort and TCGA cohort was demonstrated. An integrated analysis identified GBMs with defective "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction" pathway (n = 23; 9.54%) that have significantly poor prognosis (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, GBMs with mutated calcitonin receptor (CALCR) or reduced transcript levels predicted poor prognosis. Exogenously added calcitonin (CT) inhibited various properties of glioma cells and pro-oncogenic signaling pathways in a CALCR-dependent manner. Patient-derived mutations in CALCR abolished these functions with the degree of loss of function negatively correlating with patient survival. WT CALCR, but not the mutant versions, inhibited Ras-mediated transformation of immortalized astrocytes in vitro Furthermore, calcitonin inhibited patient-derived neurosphere growth and in vivo glioma tumor growth in a mouse model.Conclusions: We demonstrate CT-CALCR signaling axis is an important tumor suppressor pathway in glioma and establish CALCR as a novel therapeutic target for GBM. Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1448-58. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagriti Pal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vikas Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavneet Kaur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kumaravel Somasundaram
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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Faour O, Gilloteaux J. Calcitonin: Survey of new anatomy data to pathology and therapeutic aspects. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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