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Yang RM, Song SY, Wu FY, Yang RF, Shen YT, Tu PH, Wang Z, Zhang JX, Cheng F, Gao GQ, Liang J, Guo MM, Yang L, Zhou Y, Zhao SX, Zhan M, Song HD. Myeloid cells interact with a subset of thyrocytes to promote their migration and follicle formation through NF-κB. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8082. [PMID: 38057310 PMCID: PMC10700497 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of thyroid dysgenesis (TD) is not well understood. Here, using a combination of single-cell RNA and spatial transcriptome sequencing, we identify a subgroup of NF-κB-activated thyrocytes located at the center of thyroid tissues in postnatal mice, which maintained a partially mesenchymal phenotype. These cells actively protruded out of the thyroid primordium and generated new follicles in zebrafish embryos through continuous tracing. Suppressing NF-κB signaling affected thyrocyte migration and follicle formation, leading to a TD-like phenotype in both mice and zebrafish. Interestingly, during thyroid folliculogenesis, myeloid cells played a crucial role in promoting thyrocyte migration by maintaining close contact and secreting TNF-α. We found that cebpa mutant zebrafish, in which all myeloid cells were depleted, exhibited thyrocyte migration defects. Taken together, our results suggest that myeloid-derived TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation plays a critical role in promoting the migration of vertebrate thyrocytes for follicle generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Meng Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yang Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Yao Wu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Feng Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ting Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Hui Tu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Xiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Maternal and Child Health Institute of Bozhou, Bozhou, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guan-Qi Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Miao-Miao Guo
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Zhan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Costagliola S, Singh SP. Emerging technologies in thyroid biology: Pushing the frontiers of thyroid research. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 566-567:111912. [PMID: 36894128 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Costagliola
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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BRAFV600E Induction in Thyrocytes Triggers Important Changes in the miRNAs Content and the Populations of Extracellular Vesicles Released in Thyroid Tumor Microenvironment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040755. [PMID: 35453506 PMCID: PMC9029139 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy for which diagnosis and recurrences still challenge clinicians. New perspectives to overcome these issues could come from the study of extracellular vesicle (EV) populations and content. Here, we aimed to elucidate the heterogeneity of EVs circulating in the tumor and the changes in their microRNA content during cancer progression. Using a mouse model expressing BRAFV600E, we isolated and characterized EVs from thyroid tissue by ultracentrifugations and elucidated their microRNA content by small RNA sequencing. The cellular origin of EVs was investigated by ExoView and that of deregulated EV-microRNA by qPCR on FACS-sorted cell populations. We found that PTC released more EVs bearing epithelial and immune markers, as compared to the healthy thyroid, so that changes in EV-microRNAs abundance were mainly due to their deregulated expression in thyrocytes. Altogether, our work provides a full description of in vivo-derived EVs produced by, and within, normal and cancerous thyroid. We elucidated the global EV-microRNAs signature, the dynamic loading of microRNAs in EVs upon BRAFV600E induction, and their cellular origin. Finally, we propose that thyroid tumor-derived EV-microRNAs could support the establishment of a permissive immune microenvironment.
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Sox9 is involved in the thyroid differentiation program and is regulated by crosstalk between TSH, TGFβ and thyroid transcription factors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2144. [PMID: 35140269 PMCID: PMC8828901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in the differentiation of thyroid follicular cells, both in embryonic and adult life, are increasingly well understood, the underlying mechanisms and potential crosstalk between the thyroid transcription factors Nkx2.1, Foxe1 and Pax8 and inductive signals remain unclear. Here, we focused on the transcription factor Sox9, which is expressed in Nkx2.1-positive embryonic thyroid precursor cells and is maintained from embryonic development to adulthood, but its function and control are unknown. We show that two of the main signals regulating thyroid differentiation, TSH and TGFβ, modulate Sox9 expression. Specifically, TSH stimulates the cAMP/PKA pathway to transcriptionally upregulate Sox9 mRNA and protein expression, a mechanism that is mediated by the binding of CREB to a CRE site within the Sox9 promoter. Contrastingly, TGFβ signals through Smad proteins to inhibit TSH-induced Sox9 transcription. Our data also reveal that Sox9 transcription is regulated by the thyroid transcription factors, particularly Pax8. Interestingly, Sox9 significantly increased the transcriptional activation of Pax8 and Foxe1 promoters and, consequently, their expression, but had no effect on Nkx2.1. Our study establishes the involvement of Sox9 in thyroid follicular cell differentiation and broadens our understanding of transcription factor regulation of thyroid function.
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