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Wang J, Zhang Z, Liu H, Liu N, Hu Y, Guo W, Li X. Identification of 8 candidate microsatellite instability loci in colorectal cancer and validation of the ACVR2A mechanism in the tumor progression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14145. [PMID: 38898042 PMCID: PMC11187151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study probes the utility of biomarkers for microsatellite instability (MSI) detection and elucidates the molecular dynamics propelling colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. We synthesized a primer panel targeting 725 MSI loci, informed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and ancillary databases, to construct an amplicon library for next-generation sequencing (NGS). K-means clustering facilitated the distillation of 8 prime MSI loci, including activin A receptor type 2A (ACVR2A). Subsequently, we explored ACVR2A's influence on CRC advancement through in vivo tumor experiments and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Transwell assays gauged ACVR2A's role in CRC cell migration and invasion, while colony formation assays appraised cell proliferation. Western blotting illuminated the impact of ACVR2A suppression on CRC's PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway protein expressions under hypoxia. Additionally, ACVR2A's influence on CRC-induced angiogenesis was quantified via angiogenesis assays. K-means clustering of NGS data pinpointed 32 MSI loci specific to tumor and DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) tissues. ACVR2A emerged as a pivotal biomarker, discerning MSI-H tissues with 90.97% sensitivity. A curated 8-loci set demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity for MSI-H detection in CRC. In vitro analyses corroborated ACVR2A's critical role, revealing its suppression of CRC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, ACVR2A inhibition under CRC-induced hypoxia markedly escalated MMP3, CyclinA, CyclinD1, and HIF1α protein expressions, alongside angiogenesis, by triggering the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade. The 8-loci ensemble stands as the optimal marker for MSI-H identification in CRC. ACVR2A, a central element within this group, deters CRC progression, while its suppression amplifies PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and angiogenesis under hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Molecular Oncology R&D Department, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotechnology Co.,LTD., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Molecular Oncology R&D Department, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotechnology Co.,LTD., Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Molecular Oncology R&D Department, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotechnology Co.,LTD., Guangzhou, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Molecular Oncology R&D Department, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotechnology Co.,LTD., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Hu
- Molecular Oncology R&D Department, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotechnology Co.,LTD., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- Molecular Oncology R&D Department, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotechnology Co.,LTD., Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu W, Zhi FH, Zheng SY, Yang HS, Geng XJ, Luo HH, Feng YF, Lei YY. Hypothyroidism reduces the risk of lung cancer through oxidative stress response and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway: An RNA-seq and Mendelian randomization study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22661. [PMID: 38107290 PMCID: PMC10724660 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism has been suggested to play a role in tumor progression. However, the causal association between hypothyroidism and lung cancer remains unknow. To elucidate the potential association between hypothyroidism and lung cancer risk, we employ a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. MR was performed to analyze pooled data from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (11,348 cases and 15,861 controls; European ancestry) to determine the causal relationship between hypothyroidism and lung cancer. We used 36, 83, and 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables for hypothyroidism/myxoedema, hypothyroidism, and exercise, respectively. We further investigated the mechanisms involved in transcriptome analysis using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression database. We conducted an initial validation of intermediary factor using a two-step MR analysis. Genetically predicted hypothyroidism was significantly related to the risk of overall lung cancer, specifically the risk of lung squamous cell cancer (LSCC) but not with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) as assessed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVM) method. A similar causal association was found between hypothyroidism/myxoedema and the risk of lung cancer, LSCC, and LUAD. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes associated with hypothyroidism, lung cancer, and LSCC were enriched in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and oxidative stress response. However, genes related to hypothyroidism and LUAD did not exhibit enrichment in these pathways. Hypothyroidism was significantly associated with strenuous sports or other exercises. Moreover, genetically predicted exercise was significantly related to the risk of overall lung cancer, and LSCC, but not LUAD. We detected no horizontal pleiotropy using the MR-PRESSO and MR Egger regression intercept. Hypothyroidism was causally associated with a lower risk of lung cancer, and these effects might be mediated by the oxidative stress response and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, our study suggests that the potential factors and viable etiologies of hypothyroidism that contributed to lung cancer risk deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Fei-Hang Zhi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Shao-Yi Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hao-Shuai Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xi-Jie Geng
- Operating Room and Anesthesia Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong-He Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yan-Fen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yi-Yan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
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Lu K, Zhou M, Wang L, Wang Y, Tang H, He G, Wang H, Tang C, He J, Wang W, Tang K, Wang Y, Deng Z. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine facilitates tendon repair and promotes the tenogenic differentiation of tendon stem/progenitor cells by enhancing the integrin α5/β1/PI3K/AKT signaling. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:1. [PMID: 36604630 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon injury is associated with oxidative stress, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammation. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a potent antioxidant. However, how NAC affects the biological functions of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) and tendon repair has not been clarified. METHOD: The impacts of NAC on the viability, ROS production, and differentiation of TSPCs were determined with the cell counting kit-8, fluorescence staining, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The effect of NAC on gene transcription in TSPCs was analyzed by transcriptomes and bioinformatics and validated by Western blotting. The potential therapeutic effect of NAC on tendon repair was tested in a rat model of Achilles tendon injury. RESULTS Compared with the untreated control, treatment with 500 µM NAC greatly promoted the proliferation of TSPCs and significantly mitigated hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS production and cytotoxicity in vitro. NAC treatment significantly increased the relative protein expression of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), tenascin C (TNC), scleraxis (SCX), and tenomodulin (TNMD) in TPSCs. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that NAC modulated transcriptomes, particularly in the integrin-related phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling, and Western blotting revealed that NAC enhanced integrin α5β1 expression and PI3K/AKT activation in TSPCs. Finally, NAC treatment mitigated the tendon injury, but enhanced the protein expression of SCX, TNC, TNMD, and COLIA1 in the injured tissue regions of the rats. CONCLUSION NAC treatment promoted the survival and differentiation of TSPCs to facilitate tendon repair after tendon injury in rats. Thus, NAC may be valuable for the treatment of tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang He
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuyue Tang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhongliang Deng
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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Lu M, Liu H, Zheng B, Sun S, Chen C. Links between Breast and Thyroid Cancer: Hormones, Genetic Susceptibility and Medical Interventions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5117. [PMID: 36291901 PMCID: PMC9600751 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast and thyroid glands are two common sites of female malignancies. Since the late 19th century, physicians have found that the cancers in either thyroid or mammary gland might increase the risk of second primary cancers in the other site. From then on, many observational clinical studies have confirmed the hypothesis and more than one theory has been developed to explain the phenomenon. Since the two glands both have secretory functions and are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, they may share some common oncogenic molecular pathways. However, other risks factors, including medical interventions and hormones, are also observed to play a role. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the associations between the two cancers. The putative mechanisms, such as hormone alteration, autoimmune attack, genetic predisposition and other life-related factors are reviewed and discussed. Medical interventions, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can also increase the risk of second primary cancers. This review will provide novel insights into the research designs, clinical managements and treatments of thyroid and breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Weng JJ, Wei JZ, Li M, Ning LP, Liu F, Wei YZ, Xiong WM, Zhang BJ, Lu JL, Jiang H, Lu QT, Qu SH. Prognostic value of hypothyroidism in patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2022; 44:1114-1123. [PMID: 35170140 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hypothyroidism and thyroxine replacement therapy on the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. METHODS The clinical data of 284 NPC patients, who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) between January 2011 and December 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Hypothyroidism occurred in 38% of patients. Patients with hypothyroidism had significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.002) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.008). Multivariate analysis showed that hypothyroidism was a positive independent prognostic factor (DFS and RFS). Among the patients with hypothyroidism, thyroxine replacement therapy did not yield inferior survival (DFS, RFS, all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The NPC patients with complete response are at risk of hypothyroidism, which is attributable to escalating dose. These patients experienced clinical hypothyroidism could be adequately treated with thyroid hormone replacement. Further investigation of the underlying biological mechanism and potential therapeutic implications are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jin Weng
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Zhang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Le-Ping Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yun-Zhong Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Wei-Ming Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ben-Jian Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Long Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - He Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qiu-Tian Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shen-Hong Qu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
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The TSH/Thyroid Hormones Axis and Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030687. [PMID: 35160139 PMCID: PMC8836919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most prevalent female carcinoma, is characterized by the expression of steroid nuclear receptors in a subset of cases. The most important nuclear receptor with prognostic and therapeutic implications is the Estrogen Receptor (ER), which is expressed in about three out of four breast cancers. The Progesterone Receptor (PR) and the Androgen Receptor (AR) are also commonly expressed. Moreover, non-steroid nuclear receptors, including the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the thyroid receptors (TRs), are also present in breast cancers and have pathophysiologic implications. Circulating thyroid hormones may influence breast cancer risk and breast cancer cell survival, through ligating their canonical receptors TRα and TRβ but also through additional membrane receptors that are expressed in breast cancer. The expression of TR subtypes and their respective isotypes have diverse effects in breast cancers through co-operation with ER and influence on other cancer-associated pathways. Other components of the TSH/thyroid hormone axis, such as TSH and selenoiodinase enzymes, have putative effects in breast cancer pathophysiology. This paper reviews the pathophysiologic and prognostic implications of the thyroid axis in breast cancer and provides a brief therapeutic perspective.
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