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Sung CYW, Li M, Jonjic S, Sanchez V, Britt WJ. Cytomegalovirus infection lengthens the cell cycle of granule cell precursors during postnatal cerebellar development. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175525. [PMID: 38855871 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in infants infected in utero can lead to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, mechanisms underlying altered neurodevelopment in infected infants remain poorly understood. We have previously described a murine model of congenital HCMV infection in which murine CMV (MCMV) spreads hematogenously and establishes a focal infection in all regions of the brain of newborn mice, including the cerebellum. Infection resulted in disruption of cerebellar cortical development characterized by reduced cerebellar size and foliation. This disruption was associated with altered cell cycle progression of the granule cell precursors (GCPs), which are the progenitors that give rise to granule cells (GCs), the most abundant neurons in the cerebellum. In the current study, we have demonstrated that MCMV infection leads to prolonged GCP cell cycle, premature exit from the cell cycle, and reduced numbers of GCs resulting in cerebellar hypoplasia. Treatment with TNF-α neutralizing antibody partially normalized the cell cycle alterations of GCPs and altered cerebellar morphogenesis induced by MCMV infection. Collectively, our results argue that virus-induced inflammation altered the cell cycle of GCPs resulting in a reduced numbers of GCs and cerebellar cortical hypoplasia, thus providing a potential mechanism for altered neurodevelopment in fetuses infected with HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Yea Won Sung
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Laboratory of Hearing Biology and Therapeutics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Department of Histology and Embryology and
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Veronica Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - William J Britt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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2
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Brancaccio P, Anzilotti S, Cuomo O, Vinciguerra A, Campanile M, Herchuelz A, Amoroso S, Annunziato L, Pignataro G. Preconditioning in hypoxic-ischemic neonate mice triggers Na +-Ca 2+ exchanger-dependent neurogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:318. [PMID: 35831286 PMCID: PMC9279453 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To identify alternative interventions in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, researchers’ attention has been focused to the study of endogenous neuroprotective strategies. Based on the preconditioning concept that a subthreshold insult may protect from a subsequent harmful event, we aimed at identifying a new preconditioning protocol able to enhance Ca2+-dependent neurogenesis in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI). To this purpose, we also investigated the role of the preconditioning-linked protein controlling ionic homeostasis, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Hypoxic Preconditioning (HPC) was reproduced by exposing P7 mice to 20’ hypoxia. HI was induced by isolating and cutting the right common carotid artery. A significant reduction in ischemic damage was observed in mice subjected to 20’ hypoxia followed,3 days later, by 60’ HI, thus suggesting that 20’ hypoxia functions as preconditioning stimulus. HPC promoted neuroblasts proliferation in the dentate gyrus mirrored by an increase of NCX1 and NCX3-positive cells and an improvement of behavioral motor performances in HI mice. An attenuation of HPC neuroprotection as well as a reduction in the expression of neurogenesis markers, including p57 and NeuroD1, was observed in preconditioned mice lacking NCX1 or NCX3. In summary, PC in neonatal mice triggers a neurogenic process linked to ionic homeostasis maintenance, regulated by NCX1 and NCX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - S Anzilotti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - O Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Campanile
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Herchuelz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapeutique-Faculté de Médecine Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - S Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Annunziato
- IRCCS Synlab SDN S.p.A, via Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - G Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy.
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3
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Miterko LN, Sillitoe RV. Climbing Fiber Development Is Impaired in Postnatal Car8 wdl Mice. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 17:56-61. [PMID: 28940157 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is critical for an array of motor functions. During postnatal development, the Purkinje cells (PCs) guide afferent topography to establish the final circuit. Perturbing PC morphogenesis or activity during development can result in climbing fiber (CF) multi-innervation or mis-patterning. Structural defects during circuit formation typically have long-term effects on behavior as they contribute to the phenotype of movement disorders such as cerebellar ataxia. The Car8 wdl mouse is one model in which early circuit destruction influences movement. However, although the loss of Car8 leads to the mis-wiring of afferent maps and abnormal PC firing, adult PC morphology is largely intact and there is no neurodegeneration. Here, we sought to uncover how defects in afferent connectivity arise in Car8 wdl mutants to resolve how functional deficits persist in motor diseases with subtle neuropathology. To address this problem, we analyzed CF development during the first 3 weeks of life. By immunolabeling CF terminals with VGLUT2, we found evidence of premature CF synapse elimination and delayed translocation from PC somata at postnatal day (P) 10 in Car8 wdl mice. Surprisingly, by P15, the wiring normalized, suggesting that CAR8 regulates the early but not the late stages of CF development. The data support the hypothesis of a defined sequence of events for cerebellar circuits to establish function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Miterko
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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4
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Miterko LN, White JJ, Lin T, Brown AM, O'Donovan KJ, Sillitoe RV. Persistent motor dysfunction despite homeostatic rescue of cerebellar morphogenesis in the Car8 waddles mutant mouse. Neural Dev 2019; 14:6. [PMID: 30867000 PMCID: PMC6417138 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-019-0130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Purkinje cells play a central role in establishing the cerebellar circuit. Accordingly, disrupting Purkinje cell development impairs cerebellar morphogenesis and motor function. In the Car8wdl mouse model of hereditary ataxia, severe motor deficits arise despite the cerebellum overcoming initial defects in size and morphology. Methods To resolve how this compensation occurs, we asked how the loss of carbonic anhydrase 8 (CAR8), a regulator of IP3R1 Ca2+ signaling in Purkinje cells, alters cerebellar development in Car8wdl mice. Using a combination of histological, physiological, and behavioral analyses, we determined the extent to which the loss of CAR8 affects cerebellar anatomy, neuronal firing, and motor coordination during development. Results Our results reveal that granule cell proliferation is reduced in early postnatal mutants, although by the third postnatal week there is enhanced and prolonged proliferation, plus an upregulation of Sox2 expression in the inner EGL. Modified circuit patterning of Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia accompany these granule cell adjustments. We also find that although anatomy eventually normalizes, the abnormal activity of neurons and muscles persists. Conclusions Our data show that losing CAR8 only transiently restricts cerebellar growth, but permanently damages its function. These data support two current hypotheses about cerebellar development and disease: (1) Sox2 expression may be upregulated at sites of injury and contribute to the rescue of cerebellar structure and (2) transient delays to developmental processes may precede permanent motor dysfunction. Furthermore, we characterize waddles mutant mouse morphology and behavior during development and propose a Sox2-positive, cell-mediated role for rescue in a mouse model of human motor diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13064-019-0130-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Miterko
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joshua J White
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amanda M Brown
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kevin J O'Donovan
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, 10996, USA.,Burke Neurological Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, 10605, USA
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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5
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Hsu WC, Yu CH, Kung WM, Huang KF. Enhancement of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 accompanied with neurogenesis following collagen glycosaminoglycan matrix implantation after surgical brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1007-1012. [PMID: 29926827 PMCID: PMC6022476 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.233443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical brain injury may result in irreversible neurological deficits. Our previous report showed that partial regeneration of a traumatic brain lesion is achieved by implantation of collagen glycosaminoglycan (CGM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play an important role in neurogenesis but there is currently a lack of studies displaying the relationship between the stimulation of MMPs and neurogenesis after collagen glycosaminoglycan implantation following surgical brain trauma. The present study was carried out to further examine the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 after implantation of collagen glycosaminoglycan (CGM) following surgical brain trauma. Using the animal model of surgically induced brain lesion, we implanted CGM into the surgical trauma. Rats were thus divided into three groups: (1) sham operation group: craniotomy only; (2) lesion (L) group: craniotomy + surgical trauma lesion; (3) lesion + CGM (L + CGM) group: CGM implanted following craniotomy and surgical trauma lesion. Cells positive for SOX2 (marker of proliferating neural progenitor cells) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) in the lesion boundary zone were assayed and analyzed by immunofluorescence and ELISA commercial kits, respectively. Our results demonstrated that following implantation of CGM after surgical brain trauma, significant increases in MMP2+/SOX2+ cells and MMP9+/SOX2+ cells were seen within the lesion boundary zone in the L + CGM group. Tissue protein concentrations of MMP2 and MMP9 also increased after CGM scaffold implantation. These findings suggest that implantation of a CGM scaffold alone after surgical brain trauma can enhance the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 accompanied by neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cherng Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan, China
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, China
| | - Chun-Hsien Yu
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan, China
| | - Woon-Man Kung
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan, China
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Kuo-Feng Huang
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, China
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan, China
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6
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Successful optic nerve regeneration in the senescent zebrafish despite age-related decline of cell intrinsic and extrinsic response processes. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 60:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Li Q, Michaud M, Shankar R, Canosa S, Schwartz M, Madri JA. MMP-2: A modulator of neuronal precursor activity and cognitive and motor behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2017; 333:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Charoy C, Dinvaut S, Chaix Y, Morlé L, Sanyas I, Bozon M, Kindbeiter K, Durand B, Skidmore JM, De Groef L, Seki M, Moons L, Ruhrberg C, Martin JF, Martin DM, Falk J, Castellani V. Genetic specification of left-right asymmetry in the diaphragm muscles and their motor innervation. eLife 2017. [PMID: 28639940 PMCID: PMC5481184 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diaphragm muscle is essential for breathing in mammals. Its asymmetric elevation during contraction correlates with morphological features suggestive of inherent left–right (L/R) asymmetry. Whether this asymmetry is due to L versus R differences in the muscle or in the phrenic nerve activity is unknown. Here, we have combined the analysis of genetically modified mouse models with transcriptomic analysis to show that both the diaphragm muscle and phrenic nerves have asymmetries, which can be established independently of each other during early embryogenesis in pathway instructed by Nodal, a morphogen that also conveys asymmetry in other organs. We further found that phrenic motoneurons receive an early L/R genetic imprint, with L versus R differences both in Slit/Robo signaling and MMP2 activity and in the contribution of both pathways to establish phrenic nerve asymmetry. Our study therefore demonstrates L–R imprinting of spinal motoneurons and describes how L/R modulation of axon guidance signaling helps to match neural circuit formation to organ asymmetry. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18481.001 The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that forms the floor of the rib cage, separating the lungs from the abdomen. As we breathe in, the diaphragm contracts. This causes the chest cavity to expand, drawing air into the lungs. A pair of nerves called the phrenic nerves carry signals from the spinal cord to the diaphragm to tell it when to contract. These nerves project from the left and right sides of the spinal cord to the left and right sides of the diaphragm respectively. The left and right sides of the diaphragm are not entirely level, but it was not known why. To investigate, Charoy et al. studied how the diaphragm develops in mouse embryos. This revealed that the left and right phrenic nerves are not symmetrical. Neither are the muscles on each side of the diaphragm. Further investigation revealed that a genetic program that establishes other differences between the left and right sides of the embryo also gives rise to the differences between the left and right sides of the diaphragm. This program switches on different genes in the left and right phrenic nerves, which activate different molecular pathways in the left and right sides of the diaphragm muscle. The differences between the nerves and muscles on the left and right sides of the diaphragm could explain why some muscle disorders affect only one side of the diaphragm. Similarly, they could explain why congenital hernias caused by abdominal organs pushing through the diaphragm into the chest cavity mostly affect the left side of the diaphragm. Further studies are now needed to investigate these possibilities. The techniques used by Charoy et al. to map the molecular diversity of spinal cord neurons could also lead to new strategies for repairing damage to the spinal cord following injury or disease. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18481.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Charoy
- University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, INMG UMR CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Dinvaut
- University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, INMG UMR CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Yohan Chaix
- University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, INMG UMR CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Laurette Morlé
- University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, INMG UMR CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Sanyas
- University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, INMG UMR CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Bozon
- University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, INMG UMR CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Karine Kindbeiter
- University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, INMG UMR CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Durand
- University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, INMG UMR CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Jennifer M Skidmore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Lies De Groef
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lieve Moons
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Julien Falk
- University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, INMG UMR CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Valerie Castellani
- University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, INMG UMR CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
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9
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Jablonska A, Drela K, Wojcik-Stanaszek L, Janowski M, Zalewska T, Lukomska B. Short-Lived Human Umbilical Cord-Blood-Derived Neural Stem Cells Influence the Endogenous Secretome and Increase the Number of Endogenous Neural Progenitors in a Rat Model of Lacunar Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6413-6425. [PMID: 26607630 PMCID: PMC5085993 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of severe disability, and lacunar stroke is related to cognitive decline and hemiparesis. There is no effective treatment for the majority of patients with stroke. Thus, stem cell-based regenerative medicine has drawn a growing body of attention due to the capabilities for trophic factor expression and neurogenesis enhancement. Moreover, it was shown in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model that even short-lived stem cells can be therapeutic, and we have previously observed that phenomenon indirectly. Here, in a rat model of lacunar stroke, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the positive therapeutic effects of short-lived human umbilical cord-blood-derived neural stem cells (HUCB-NSCs) through the distinct measurement of exogenous human and endogenous rat trophic factors. We have also evaluated neurogenesis and metalloproteinase activity as cellular components of therapeutic activity. As expected, we observed an increased proliferation and migration of progenitors, as well as metalloproteinase activity up to 14 days post transplantation. These changes were most prominent at the 7-day time point when we observed 30 % increases in the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in HUCB-NSC transplanted animals. The expression of human trophic factors was present until 7 days post transplantation, which correlated well with the survival of the human graft. For these 7 days, the level of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the analyzed trophic factors was from 300-fold for CNTF to 10,000-fold for IGF, much higher compared to constitutive expression in HUCB-NSCs in vitro. What is interesting is that there was no increase in the expression of rat trophic factors during the human graft survival, compared to that in non-transplanted animals. However, there was a prolongation of a period of increased trophic expression until 14 days post transplantation, while, in non-transplanted animals, there was a significant drop in rat trophic expression at that time point. We conclude that the positive therapeutic effect of short-lived stem cells may be related to the net increase in the amount of trophic factors (rat + human) until graft death and to the prolonged increase in rat trophic factor expression subsequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jablonska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Drela
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luiza Wojcik-Stanaszek
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Teresa Zalewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Lemmens K, Bollaerts I, Bhumika S, de Groef L, Van Houcke J, Darras VM, Van Hove I, Moons L. Matrix metalloproteinases as promising regulators of axonal regrowth in the injured adult zebrafish retinotectal system. J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:1472-93. [PMID: 26509469 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming the failure of axon regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) after injury remains a major challenge, which makes the search for proregenerative molecules essential. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in axonal outgrowth during CNS development and show increased expression levels during vertebrate CNS repair. In mammals, MMPs are believed to alter the suppressive extracellular matrix to become more permissive for axon regrowth. We investigated the role of MMPs in axonal regeneration following optic nerve crush (ONC) in adult zebrafish, which fully recover from such injuries due to a high intrinsic axon growth capacity and a less inhibitory environment. Lowering general retinal MMP activity through intravitreal injections of GM6001 after ONC strongly reduced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal regrowth, without influencing RGC survival. Based on a recently performed transcriptome profiling study, the expression pattern of four MMPs after ONC was determined via combined use of western blotting and immunostainings. Mmp-2 and -13a were increasingly present in RGC somata during axonal regrowth. Moreover, Mmp-2 and -9 became upregulated in regrowing RGC axons and inner plexiform layer (IPL) synapses, respectively. In contrast, after an initial rise in IPL neurites and RGC axons during the injury response, Mmp-14 expression decreased during regeneration. Altogether, a phase-dependent expression pattern for each specific MMP was observed, implicating them in axonal regrowth and inner retina remodeling after injury. In conclusion, these data suggest a novel, neuron-intrinsic function for multiple MMPs in axon regrowth that is distinct from breaking down environmental barriers. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1472-1493, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lemmens
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Bollaerts
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stitipragyan Bhumika
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies de Groef
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jessie Van Houcke
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle M Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Van Hove
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Sîrbulescu RF, Ilieş I, Zupanc GKH. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in the cerebellum of teleost fish: Functional implications for adult neurogenesis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:9-23. [PMID: 25827096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of highly conserved zinc-dependent proteases involved in both development and pathogenesis. The present study examines the role of MMP-2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase B) in adult neurogenesis, using the corpus cerebelli, a subdivision of the cerebellum, of knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus) as a model system. Transcripts of five isoforms of these gelatinases were identified in the central nervous system of this species. Sequence similarity analysis and homology modeling indicated that functionally and structurally critical elements were highly conserved in knifefish gelatinases. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a differential distribution of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at both the cellular and subcellular level. MMP-2 expression was found mainly in Sox2-immunopositive stem/progenitor cells, both quiescent and mitotically active; and was localized in both the cytoplasmic compartment and the nucleus. By contrast, MMP-9 immunoreactivity was absent in neurogenic niches and displayed a more homogenous distribution, with low to moderate intensity levels, in the molecular and granular layers. MMP-9 expression appeared to be restricted to the extracellular space. In situ zymography indicated that gelatinase activity matched the cellular and subcellular distributions of the two MMPs. The observed patterns of gelatinase activity and expression support the hypothesis that MMP-2 is primarily involved in regulation of the activity of stem/progenitor cells that give rise to new granule neurons, whereas MMP-9 facilitates migration of the progeny of these cells by proteolysis of extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iulian Ilieş
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Günther K H Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Koli K, Saxena G, Ogbureke KUE. Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-20 and Potential Interaction with Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) in Human Major Salivary Glands. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:524-33. [PMID: 25805840 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415580817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20) expression is widely regarded as tooth-specific, with expression limited to dental hard tissues. Necessary for sound enamel formation, MMP-20 and MMP-2 proteolytically process dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) into dentin sialoprotein, dentin phosphoprotein, and dentin glycoprotein during tooth formation. In the mid-2000s, three members of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs) were reported to bind specifically with high affinity (nM) to, and activate, three MMPs in vitro: bone sialoprotein with MMP-2; osteopontin with MMP-3; and dentin matrix protein1 with MMP-9. The SIBLING-MMP interaction was confirmed in biological systems such as the ducts of salivary glands, where all five members of the SIBLINGs are expressed. Recently, we documented MMP-20 expression and interaction with DSPP (another member of the SIBLING family) in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Here we report the expression of MMP-20, and confirm its co-expression and potential interaction with DSPP in human major salivary gland tissues and cell line using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blot, quantitative RT-PCR, and proximity ligation assay. This report reinforces our earlier suggestion that the SIBLING-MMP complexes may be involved in the turnover of extracellular proteins damaged by oxidation byproducts in metabolically active duct epithelial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Koli
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas (KK, GS, KUEO)
| | - Geetu Saxena
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas (KK, GS, KUEO)
| | - Kalu U E Ogbureke
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas (KK, GS, KUEO)
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MMP-2 mediates Purkinje cell morphogenesis and spine development in the mouse cerebellum. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:1601-17. [PMID: 24652381 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a highly studied proteolytic enzyme, involved in many detrimental and beneficial functions throughout the body, and also active in the central nervous system (CNS). MMP-2 is profoundly expressed in the developing cerebellum and was recently reported to modulate granule cell proliferation by affecting cell cycle kinetics in cerebella of postnatal day 3 mouse pups. In this report, a two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis proteomics study was implemented at this postnatal stage and revealed 16 differentially expressed proteins between MMP-2-deficient (MMP-2(-/-)) and wild-type cerebella. Among those, collapsin response mediator protein 1 (CRMP1) could be identified as the most significant differential protein between the two genotypes. Western blot experiments confirmed this finding and further disclosed a significant increase in phosphorylated CRMP1 expression in MMP-2(-/-) cerebella. Strikingly, subsequent immunohistochemical and microscopic analyses revealed an aberrant Purkinje cell (PC) dendritogenesis, possibly related to upregulated (phospho-) CRMP1 levels in these neonatal MMP-2(-/-) animals. Further, detailed morphometric analyses showed persistent PC morphological changes in MMP-2(-/-) mice, from the neonatal stage until adulthood. These were characterized by a reduced growth of PC somata, reduced dendritic tree sizes, and a decreased dendritic arborization. During development, the observed defects were accompanied by a temporarily disturbed parallel fiber and climbing fiber synaptic input on the PCs, while in adult MMP-2(-/-) animals, an increased PC spine density and reduced spine lengths were noted. The observed PC abnormalities might contribute to the mild defects in motor performance, i.e. balance and coordination, detected in adult MMP-2(-/-) mice. Overall, these findings indicate the importance of MMP-2 in CNS development and dendritogenesis, and highlight the importance of a correct developmental wiring for adult brain morphology and function.
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