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Azevedo* LS, Pierrotti LC, Abdala E, Costa SF, Strabelli TMV, Campos SV, Ramos JF, Latif AZA, Litvinov N, Maluf NZ, Filho HHC, Pannuti CS, Lopes MH, dos Santos VA, da Cruz Gouveia Linardi C, Yasuda MAS, de Sousa Marques HH. Cytomegalovirus infection in transplant recipients. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:515-23. [PMID: 26222822 PMCID: PMC4496754 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(07)09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus infection is a frequent complication after transplantation. This infection occurs due to transmission from the transplanted organ, due to reactivation of latent infection, or after a primary infection in seronegative patients and can be defined as follows: latent infection, active infection, viral syndrome or invasive disease. This condition occurs mainly between 30 and 90 days after transplantation. In hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in particular, infection usually occurs within the first 30 days after transplantation and in the presence of graft-versus-host disease. The major risk factors are when the recipient is cytomegalovirus seronegative and the donor is seropositive as well as when lymphocyte-depleting antibodies are used. There are two methods for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection: the pp65 antigenemia assay and polymerase chain reaction. Serology has no value for the diagnosis of active disease, whereas histology of the affected tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage analysis are useful in the diagnosis of invasive disease. Cytomegalovirus disease can be prevented by prophylaxis (the administration of antiviral drugs to all or to a subgroup of patients who are at higher risk of viral replication) or by preemptive therapy (the early diagnosis of viral replication before development of the disease and prescription of antiviral treatment to prevent the appearance of clinical disease). The drug used is intravenous or oral ganciclovir; oral valganciclovir; or, less frequently, valacyclovir. Prophylaxis should continue for 90 to 180 days. Treatment is always indicated in cytomegalovirus disease, and the gold-standard drug is intravenous ganciclovir. Treatment should be given for 2 to 3 weeks and should be continued for an additional 7 days after the first negative result for viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Sergio Azevedo*
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Lígia Camera Pierrotti
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Abdala
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mara Varejão Strabelli
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Vidal Campos
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Fernandes Ramos
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Acram Zahredine Abdul Latif
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Nadia Litvinov
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Natalya Zaidan Maluf
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Helio Hehl Caiaffa Filho
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Sergio Pannuti
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Heloisa Lopes
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Vera Aparecida dos Santos
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Camila da Cruz Gouveia Linardi
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Shikanai Yasuda
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Helena de Sousa Marques
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Committee for Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
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Chen XF, Li TR, Yang H, Shao Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Yu B, Wei Z, Wu B, Yu L. Detection of Two Drug-Resistance Mutants of the Cytomegalovirus by High-Resolution Melting Analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2015; 30:319-25. [PMID: 25968338 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic pathogen that can be treated with ganciclovir. Mutations in the UL97 gene of CMV render the virus ganciclovir resistance. These include H520Q and C603W mutations, against which we developed a novel genotyping assay for their identification. METHODS PCR reactions were performed to amplify fragments of the UL97 gene containing H520Q or C603W mutations. High resolution melting analysis (HRMA) coupled with unlabeled DNA probes was employed to identify the shift in melting temperature of the probe-template complex, which reflexes the presence of point mutations. RESULTS Melting point analysis performed on the dimeric DNA of PCR products of UL97 gene could not identify mutations in the gene. When coupled to unlabeled probes, point mutations in UL97 can be identified by analyzing the melting curve of probe-template complex. When WT and mutant UL97 DNAs were mixed together to mimic heterogeneous viral population in clinical samples, the genotyping assay is sensitive enough to detect H520Q and C603W mutants that constitute 10% of total DNA input. CONCLUSION Probe-based HRMA is effective in detecting H520Q and C603W mutations in the UL97 gene of CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fan Chen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Hospital Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian-Run Li
- Department of Intervention and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Hospital Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Hospital Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Hospital Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhun Wei
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Hospital Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Gladkovskaya O, Gerard VA, Nosov M, Gun'ko YK, O'Connor GM, Rochev Y. The interaction of QDs with RAW264.7 cells: nanoparticle quantification, uptake kinetics and immune responses study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04233j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to small QDs in high concentration in continuous cell culture results in cell death by apoptosis and necrosis co-existing within the same cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Gladkovskaya
- School of Physics
- National University of Ireland
- Galway
- Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials
| | - V. A. Gerard
- CRANN and School of Chemistry
- Trinity College Dublin
- Ireland
| | - M. Nosov
- FarmLab Diagnostics
- Elphin
- Ireland
| | - Y. K. Gun'ko
- CRANN and School of Chemistry
- Trinity College Dublin
- Ireland
- ITMO University
- 197101 Saint Petersburg
| | - G. M. O'Connor
- School of Physics
- National University of Ireland
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Y. Rochev
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials
- Galway
- Ireland
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
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Daikoku T, Saito K, Aihara T, Ikeda M, Takahashi Y, Hosoi H, Nishida T, Takemoto M, Shiraki K. Rapid detection of human cytomegalovirus UL97 and UL54 mutations for antiviral resistance in clinical specimens. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 57:396-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Daikoku
- Department of Virology; University of Toyama; 2630 Sugitani; Toyama; 930-0194; Japan
| | - Kazuhide Saito
- Division of Urology, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University; 1-757 Asahimachi Dori, Chuo Ku; Niigata; 951-8510; Japan
| | - Takamitsu Aihara
- Department of Virology; University of Toyama; 2630 Sugitani; Toyama; 930-0194; Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikeda
- Division of Urology, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University; 1-757 Asahimachi Dori, Chuo Ku; Niigata; 951-8510; Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku; Nagoya; 466-8550; Japan
| | - Hiroki Hosoi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology; Wakayama Medical University; 811-1 Kimiidera; Wakayama; 641-8519; Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nishida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku; Nagoya; 466-8550; Japan
| | - Masaya Takemoto
- Department of Virology; University of Toyama; 2630 Sugitani; Toyama; 930-0194; Japan
| | - Kimiyasu Shiraki
- Department of Virology; University of Toyama; 2630 Sugitani; Toyama; 930-0194; Japan
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5
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Ruiz-Carrascoso G, Romero-Gómez MP, Plaza D, Mingorance J. Rapid detection and quantitation of ganciclovir resistance in cytomegalovirus quasispecies. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1250-7. [PMID: 23592041 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may cause severe or fatal disease among immunocompromised patients. The first line prophylaxis and systemic HCMV disease therapy is ganciclovir (GCV). The presence of GCV-resistant virus has been linked to fatal HCMV disease. The implementation of rapid and sensitive techniques for the early detection and monitoring of GCV-resistance may be helpful to support antiviral therapy management. A pyrosequencing assay for the detection and quantitation of the most frequent mutations conferring moderate- and high-grade GCV resistance was implemented. The pyrosequencing achieved an analytical sensitivity for adequate interpretation of ≥10(3) copies/ml. The assay was validated with 18 whole blood samples taken over a 6-month period from an umbilical cord blood recipient infected persistently with HCMV and allowed the detection and monitoring of the M460I and A594V GCV-resistant mutations. The percentage of resistant quasispecies ranged from 7.9% to 55.2% for the M460I mutation and from 19.8% to 43% for the A594V mutation. Clearance of the M460I mutation occurred in parallel with a decrease in the HCMV viremia, while the A594V mutation persisted. The pyrosequencing method for detection of GCV is sensitive enough to be used directly on clinical samples for the early identification of resistance mutations and allows the quantitation of resistant and wild type virus quasispecies within hours. The quantitation of minor resistant variants is an important issue to understand their relationship with viral load modification, and potentially anticipate treatment adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Ruiz-Carrascoso
- Servicio de Microbiología y Parasitología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
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Han SX, Jia X, Ma JL, Zhu Q. Molecular beacons: a novel optical diagnostic tool. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 61:139-48. [PMID: 23292078 PMCID: PMC7079750 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the efforts of the Human Genome Project and the rise in demand for molecular diagnostic assays, the development and optimization of novel hybridization probes have focused on speed, reliability, and accuracy in the identification of nucleic acids. Molecular beacons (MBs) are single-stranded, fluorophore-labeled nucleic acid probes that are capable of generating a fluorescent signal in the presence of target, but are dark in the absence of target. Because of the high specificity and sensitivity characteristics, MBs have been used in variety of fields. In this review, MBs are introduced and discussed as diagnostic tools in four sections: several technologies of MBs will be illustrated primarily; the limitation of MBs next; the third part is new fashions of MBs; and the last one is to present the application of MBs in disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Xia Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
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7
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Genotyping cytomegalovirus UL97 mutations by high-resolution melting analysis with unlabeled probe. Arch Virol 2011; 157:475-81. [PMID: 22205145 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-1173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic pathogen, and infections with this virus can be treated with ganciclovir (GCV). Most GCV-resistant clinical CMV isolates contain a mutation in the UL97 gene. Genotypic assays for diagnostic screening of GCV-resistant CMV have been developed. High-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) with unlabeled probe is considered a perfect tool for this purpose. In this study, we have developed an HRMA-based genotypic test for the detection of UL97 mutations. Wild type and M460V/I mutants of UL97 were constructed. HRMA with unlabeled probe was used as a genotyping method for the detection of M460V/I mutations. The melting peaks obtained directly from PCR products did not enable us to distinguish the wild type from M460 mutants. The sensitivity and accuracy of HRMA were dramatically improved by using unlabeled probe. HRMA with unlabeled probe successfully distinguished M460V from M460I and served well for the detection of M460V/I mutations in clinical samples. HRMA with unlabeled probe proves to be a sensitive and cost-effective genotyping method for the detection of M460 mutations.
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8
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Posthuma CC, van der Beek MT, van der Blij-de Brouwer CS, van der Heiden PLJ, Marijt EWA, Spaan WJM, Claas ECJ, Nederstigt C, Vossen ACTM, Snijder EJ, Kroes ACM. Mass spectrometry-based comparative sequencing to detect ganciclovir resistance in the UL97 gene of human cytomegalovirus. J Clin Virol 2011; 51:25-30. [PMID: 21388868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent infections with herpesviruses such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) frequently occur after solid organ or stem cell transplantation, and are due to either failure of the host to immunologically control the virus or emerging resistance of the virus to the antiviral drug(s) used. Antiviral therapy can be guided by viral drug susceptibility testing based on screening for known resistance-inducing mutations in the viral genome. Mass spectrometry-based comparative sequence analysis (MSCSA) might be advantageous for this purpose because of its suitability for semi-automation. OBJECTIVES The applicability of MSCSA to detect sequence polymorphisms and drug resistance-inducing mutations in the HCMV genome was investigated. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed the 3' part of the HCMV UL97 gene, which encodes the kinase that is activated by the commonly used anti-HCMV drug ganciclovir. Sequences obtained by MSCSA of material from HCMV-infected patients (43 samples) and the HCMV type strain were compared to conventional cycle sequencing results. RESULTS In 94.1% of all samples the results obtained by MSCSA of the UL97 gene were identical to those from conventional cycle sequencing. The threshold to detect mutant sequences in a mixture with wild-type material was 20% using either technique. Furthermore, MSCSA was successfully applied to study the development of drug resistance in a patient who developed encephalitis due to ganciclovir-resistant HCMV. CONCLUSIONS MSCSA was found to be equally accurate compared to conventional cycle sequencing in the analysis of UL97 of HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara C Posthuma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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9
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Improved detection of mutated human cytomegalovirus UL97 by pyrosequencing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:5234-41. [PMID: 20876379 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00802-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganciclovir (GCV) resistance frequently occurs upon prolonged treatment of ongoing active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in individuals with immature or compromised immune functions (e.g., recipients of solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants). Using pyrosequencing (PSQ), we established fast and sensitive detection of GCV resistance-associated mutations occurring in the HCMV open reading frame UL97. These mutations have been repeatedly associated with clinical treatment failure. We designed four PSQ assays and evaluated them by analyzing mixtures of plasmids or bacterial artificial chromosome-derived viruses containing UL97 wild-type and mutant sequences. A minimum level of 6% mutant sequence variants could be detected in these mixtures. In order to further evaluate the novel PSQ assays, we tested clinical specimens from patients with active HCMV infections. The results were compared with those obtained by conventional dideoxy chain terminator sequencing. As the PSQ method was more sensitive in detecting minor HCMV mutant fractions in a wild-type population, it is suggested that pyrosequencing is a useful tool for the early detection of emerging GCV-resistant HCMV in GCV-treated patients.
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Ye Q, Zhuang H, Zhou C, Wang Q. Real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR method for determination of fluoranthene in water samples with a molecular beacon. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:796-800. [PMID: 20608519 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A reliable and sensitive competitive real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR (RTFQ-IPCR) assay using a molecular beacon was developed for the determination of trace fluoranthene (FL) in the environment. Under optimized assay conditions, FL can be determined in the concentration range from 1 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL, withy = 0.194x + 7.859, and a correlation coefficient of 0.967 was identified, with a detection limit of 0.6 fg/mL. Environmental water samples were successfully analyzed, recovery was between 90% and 116%, with intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.7%-12.8% and inter-day RSD of 8.4%-15.2%. The results obtained from RTFQ-IPCR were confirmed by ELISA, showing good accuracy and suitability to analyze FL in field samples. As a highly sensitive method, the molecular beacon-based RTFQ-IPCR is acceptable and promising for providing reliable test results to make environmental decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Zhuang H, Ye Q, Chen H. Detection of PCB77 by Antibody-Coated Competitive Fluorescent Quantitative Immuno-PCR Using Molecular Beacon. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903201891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Ye QY, Zhuang HS, Zhou C. Detection of trace anthracene in soil samples with real-time fluorescence quantitative immuno-PCR using a molecular beacon probe. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 28:386-391. [PMID: 21784031 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We developed a highly sensitive and robust real-time fluorescence quantitative immuno-PCR (RTFQ-IPCR) method which uses molecular beacon (MB) probe to detect trace anthracene in the environment. This method was performed on serial dilutions of known anthracene concentrations equivalent to 10-fold dilutions of 10fg/mL to 100pg/mL. We obtained a linear relationship between 10fg/mL and 100pg/mL, with y=0.684x+13.221. A correlation coefficient of 0.994 was also identified, with a detection limit of 4.5fg/mL. After investigating the presence of anthracene in soil samples via RTFQ-IPCR, the obtained concentrations were confirmed by ELISA to be correct and believable, with the recovery ratio ranging from 82% to 112.5%. Based on its sensitivity and reproducibility, MB-based RTFQ-IPCR was found to be acceptable for use in on-site field tests to provide rapid, quantitative, and reliable test results for making environmental decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yan Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renming Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China
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Ye Q, Zhuang H, Zhou C. Detection of naphthalene by real-time immuno-PCR using molecular beacon. Mol Cell Probes 2008; 23:29-34. [PMID: 19028563 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and quantitative technique is urgently needed in detecting toxicological and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment. Using a molecular beacon (MB), this study aimed at detecting the presence of naphthalene through an assay developed via a highly sensitive and robust, real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR (FQ-IPCR), which was then performed on serial dilutions of known naphthalene concentrations equivalent to 10-fold dilutions of 1-10(4) fg/mL. A correlation coefficient of 0.996 was identified, and a linear relationship between 1 fg/mL and 10 pg/mL, with y = 1.392x + 11.188, was obtained. A trace amount (1 fg/mL) of naphthalene congeners could be detected using this method. Five water samples were then used for validation, the results of which were further confirmed through a conventional enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Based on sensitivity and reproduction, the MB-based FQ-IPCR technique is a promising tool for monitoring environmental endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Frobert E, Cortay JC, Ooka T, Najioullah F, Thouvenot D, Lina B, Morfin F. Genotypic detection of acyclovir-resistant HSV-1: characterization of 67 ACV-sensitive and 14 ACV-resistant viruses. Antiviral Res 2008; 79:28-36. [PMID: 18336925 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.01.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) resistant to acyclovir (ACV) represent an important clinical concern in immunocompromised patients. In order to switch promptly to an appropriate treatment, rapid viral susceptibility assays are required. We developed herein a genotyping analysis focusing on thymidine kinase gene (TK) mutations in order to detect acyclovir-resistant HSV in clinical specimens. A total of 85 HSV-1 positive specimens collected from 69 patients were analyzed. TK gene could be sequenced directly for 81 clinical specimens (95%) and 68 HSV-1 specimens could be characterized as sensitive or resistant by genotyping (84%). Genetic characterization of 67 susceptible HSV-1 specimens revealed 10 polymorphisms never previously described. Genetic characterization of 14 resistant HSV-1 revealed 12 HSV-1 with either TK gene additions/deletions (8 strains) or substitutions (4 strains) and 2 HSV-1 with no mutation in the TK gene. DNA polymerase gene was afterwards explored. With this rapid PCR-based assay, ACV-resistant HSV could be detected directly in clinical specimens within 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Frobert
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron Cedex, Lyon, France.
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Liu JB, Zhang Z. Development of SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay for detection of drug resistance mutations in cytomegalovirus. J Virol Methods 2008; 149:129-35. [PMID: 18280587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ganciclovir (GCV) is an antiviral drug that is used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. However, long-term monotherapy does not commonly result in complete suppression of viral replication and is associated with the emergence of resistant mutants. In this study, a method for detecting CMV resistance mutations was carried out by real-time amplification refractory mutation system PCR (real-time ARMS PCR) using SYBR Green I fluorescent dye. Three recombinant plasmids were constructed by overlapping extension PCR to be used as standard mutation or wild-type models. Four pairs of primers were used to amplify the approximately 150 bp of the UL97 gene spanning codon 460, where mutations associated with resistance to GCV invariably occur. As little as 20% mutants DNA in 10(7)copies/ml mixture DNA were detected. Though this approach was not more sensitive than PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for the detection of the presence of mixtures, it was a high-throughput and automation method, and the specific mutation type can be deduced by the real-time ARMS PCR data. Overall, this study has demonstrated an approach that could be a sensitive and rapid method for the detection of GCV resistance-associated mutation in CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-bo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
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[Genotyping diagnosis of acyclovir resistant herpes simplex virus]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 55:504-11. [PMID: 17920786 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus resistant to acyclovir (ACV) is a major concern among immunocompromised patients. ACV resistance might be due to mutations located in one of the two genes involved in ACV mechanism of action, the thymidine kinase gene (TK, involved in 95% of the cases) and the DNA polymerase gene. TK gene mutations consist, in half of the cases, in nucleotide insertion or deletion, occurring most of the time in G or C homopolymers considered as hot spots. Half of the other cases involves nucleotide substitutions leading to amino acids substitutions. Studies of sensitive strains revealed a high degree of TK polymorphism, many mutations being not implied in ACV resistance. At the present time, resistance detection can be performed by phenotypic tests that require virus culture and results cannot be given to the physician before 7 to 10 days. Genotyping diagnosis performed directly from clinical samples would allow to detect resistance more rapidly, in order to switch quickly to an appropriate treatment by foscarnet or cidofovir.
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Göhring K, Mikeler E, Jahn G, Hamprecht K. Rapid simultaneous detection by real-time PCR of cytomegalovirus UL97 mutations in codons 460 and 520 conferring ganciclovir resistance. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:4541-4. [PMID: 17035493 PMCID: PMC1698385 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01141-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganciclovir (GCV) resistance is an emerging problem for transplant recipients. A sensitive and rapid real-time PCR approach for simultaneous and semiquantitative detection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL97 mutations in codons 460/520 was established by LightCycler and confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. Results from HCMV laboratory strains were compared with results from 11 GCV-resistant clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Göhring
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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