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Jung B, Yeom M, An DJ, Kang A, Vu TTH, Na W, Byun Y, Song D. Large-Scale Serological Survey of Influenza A Virus in South Korean Wild Boar (Sus scrofa). ECOHEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10393-024-01685-8. [PMID: 38842623 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-024-01685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
In this comprehensive large-scale study, conducted from 2015 to 2019, 7,209 wild boars across South Korea were sampled to assess their exposure to influenza A viruses (IAVs). Of these, 250 (3.5%) were found to be IAV-positive by ELISA, and 150 (2.1%) by the hemagglutination inhibition test. Detected subtypes included 23 cases of pandemic 2009 H1N1, six of human seasonal H3N2, three of classical swine H1N1, 13 of triple-reassortant swine H1N2, seven of triple-reassortant swine H3N2, and seven of swine-origin H3N2 variant. Notably, none of the serum samples tested positive for avian IAV subtypes H3N8, H5N3, H7N7, and H9N2 or canine IAV subtype H3N2. This serologic analysis confirmed the exposure of Korean wild boars to various subtypes of swine and human influenza viruses, with some serum samples cross-reacting between swine and human strains, indicating potential infections with multiple IAVs. The results highlight the potential of wild boar as a novel mixing vessel, facilitating the adaptation of IAVs and their spillover to other hosts, including humans. In light of these findings, we recommend regular and frequent surveillance of circulating influenza viruses in the wild boar population as a proactive measure to prevent potential human influenza pandemics and wild boar influenza epizootics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bud Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- Department of Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kang
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine, Inc, Seongnam, 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Thu Hang Vu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonsung Na
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si, 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daesub Song
- Department of Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Lim SI, Kim MJ, Kim MJ, Lee SK, Yang HS, Kwon M, Lim EH, Ouh IO, Kim EJ, Hyun BH, Lee YH. Assessment of Equine Influenza Virus Status in the Republic of Korea from 2020 to 2022. Viruses 2023; 15:2135. [PMID: 37896912 PMCID: PMC10612032 DOI: 10.3390/v15102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine influenza virus (EIV) causes acute respiratory disease in horses and belongs to the influenza A virus family Orthomyxoviridae, genus Orthomyxovirus. This virus may have severe financial implications for the horse industry owing to its highly contagious nature and rapid transmission. In the Republic of Korea, vaccination against EIV has been practiced with the active involvement of the Korea Racing Authority since 1974. In this study, we monitored the viral RNA for EIV using PCR, as well as the antibody levels against 'A/equine/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8, clade 1)', from 2020 to 2022. EIV was not detected using RT-PCR. The seropositivity rates detected using a hemagglutination inhibition assay were 90.3% in 2020, 96.7% in 2021, and 91.8% in 2022. The geometric mean of antibody titer (GMT) was 83.4 in 2020, 135.7 in 2021, and 95.6 in 2022. Yearlings and two-year-olds in training exhibited lower positive rates (59.1% in 2020, 38.9% in 2021, and 44.1% in 2022) than the average. These younger horses may require more attention for vaccination and vaccine responses against EIV. Continuous surveillance of EIV should be performed to monitor the prevalence and spread of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-In Lim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.L.); (M.J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.K.); (E.H.L.); (E.-J.K.); (B.-H.H.)
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.L.); (M.J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.K.); (E.H.L.); (E.-J.K.); (B.-H.H.)
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.L.); (M.J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.K.); (E.H.L.); (E.-J.K.); (B.-H.H.)
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Veterinary Center, Korea Racing Authority, Gwacheon 13822, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyoung-Seok Yang
- Animal Health Diagnosis Division, Jeju Self-Governing Provincial Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju 63344, Republic of Korea;
| | - MiJung Kwon
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.L.); (M.J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.K.); (E.H.L.); (E.-J.K.); (B.-H.H.)
| | - Eui Hyeon Lim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.L.); (M.J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.K.); (E.H.L.); (E.-J.K.); (B.-H.H.)
| | - In-Ohk Ouh
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.L.); (M.J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.K.); (E.H.L.); (E.-J.K.); (B.-H.H.)
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.L.); (M.J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.K.); (E.H.L.); (E.-J.K.); (B.-H.H.)
| | - Yoon-Hee Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.L.); (M.J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.K.); (E.H.L.); (E.-J.K.); (B.-H.H.)
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Wang C, Wang Q, Hu J, Sun H, Pu J, Liu J, Sun Y. A Multiplex RT-PCR Assay for Detection and Differentiation of Avian-Origin Canine H3N2, Equine-Origin H3N8, Human-Origin H3N2, and H1N1/2009 Canine Influenza Viruses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170374. [PMID: 28107507 PMCID: PMC5249048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Virological and serological surveys have documented that H1N1/2009, avian-origin canine H3N2 (cH3N2), seasonal human-origin H3N2 (hH3N2), and equine-origin H3N8 influenza viruses are consistently circulating in dogs. In the present study, a multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of these influenza viruses. Four primer sets were designed to target the hemagglutinin genes of H1N1/2009, cH3N2, hH3N2, and H3N8 canine influenza viruses (CIVs). This mRT-PCR assay demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity for the four CIV subtypes. Additionally, mRT-PCR results obtained from 420 clinical samples were consistent with those obtained by the conventional virus isolation method. Our mRT-PCR assay is reliable for clinical diagnosis and rapid identification of CIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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