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Liu Z, Li C, Hu Y, Fang S, Li X, Zhang C, Huang L, Qian J, Wang G, Fan A, Zhang J, Geri L. Protective evaluation of the commercialized porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines in piglets challenged by NADC34-like strain. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1422335. [PMID: 38989029 PMCID: PMC11233820 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1422335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In China, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has undergone several variations over the decades and contributed to the diversity of the clinical epidemic PRRSV strains. This has complicated the prevention and control of PRRS. In particular, the efficacy of the currently available commercial vaccines against the highly pathogenic NADC34-like strains is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the protection efficacy of three commercial PRRS modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines derived from classical PRRS VR2332 MLV and R98 MLV against challenge with a heterologous NADC34-like PRRSV strain, JS2021NADC34, which has high pathogenicity in pigs. PRRSV- and antibody-free piglets were immunized with the PRRS VR2332 MLV vaccine or either of two R98 MLV vaccines (from different manufacturers) and were challenged with the JS2021NADC34 strain 28 days after immunization. Rectal temperature, clinical symptoms, viremia and viral shedding from the nose, gross lesions in the thymus and lungs, microscopic lesions and viral distribution in the lungs, as well as the humoral immune response and mortality rates were recorded over a 14-day post-challenge period. The results showed that PRRS VR2332 MLV had better efficacy against the JS2021NADC34 challenge than PRRS R98 MLV, with vaccinated piglets in the former group showing transient and mild symptoms, mild pathological lesions in the lungs, mild thymic atrophy, and low viral levels in sera and nasal swabs, as well as better growth performance and a 100% survival rate. In contrast, two PRRS R98 MLVs exhibited limited efficacy against the JS2021NADC34 challenge, with the piglets in two R98 groups showing obvious clinical symptoms and pathological changes in the lungs and thymus; moreover, there were two deaths caused by PRRS in two R98 groups, respectively. Despite this, the mortality rate was lower than that of the unvaccinated piglets that were challenged with JS2021NADC34. The cumulative results demonstrate that PRRS VR2332 MLV was partly effective against the highly pathogenic PRRSV NADC34-like strain based on the observations over the 14-day post-challenge period. Thus, it might be a viable option among the commercially available vaccines for control of NADC34-like virus infections in swine herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province (2023B1212060040), Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaosi Li
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Hu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhe Fang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province (2023B1212060040), Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lv Huang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Qian
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Aihua Fan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province (2023B1212060040), Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Letu Geri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Wang Y, Yim-Im W, Porter E, Lu N, Anderson J, Noll L, Fang Y, Zhang J, Bai J. Development of a bead-based assay for detection and differentiation of field strains and four vaccine strains of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-2) in the USA. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1414-1423. [PMID: 32816334 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains one of the most economically devastating diseases in swine population in the United States of America. Due to high mutation rate of the PRRS virus (PRRSV) genome, it is difficult to develop an accurate diagnostic assay with high strain coverage. Differentiation of field strains from the four vaccines that have been used in the USA, namely Ingelvac PRRS MLV, Ingelvac ATP, Fostera PRRS and Prime Pac PRRS, adds an additional challenge. It is difficult to use current real-time PCR systems to detect and differentiate the field strains from the vaccine strains. Luminex xTAG technology allows us to detect more molecular targets in a single reaction with a cost similar to a single real-time PCR reaction. By analysing all available 678 type 2 PRRSV (PRRSV-2) complete genome sequences, including the 4 vaccine strains, two pairs of detection primers were designed targeting the conserved regions of ORF4-ORF7, with strain coverage of 98.8% (670/678) based on in silico analysis. The virus strains sharing ≥98% identity of the complete genomes with the vaccine strains were considered vaccine or vaccine-like strains. One pair of primers for each vaccine strain were designed targeting the nsp2 region. In silico analysis showed the assay matched 94.7% (54/57) of Ingelvac PRRS® MLV (MLV) strain and the MLV-like strains, and 100% of the other three vaccine strains. Analytical sensitivity of the Luminex assay was one to two logs lower than that of the reverse transcription real-time PCR assay. Evaluated with 417 PRRSV-2 positive clinical samples, 95% were detected by the Luminex assay. Compared to ORF5 sequencing results, the Luminex assay detected 92.4% (73/79) of MLV strains, 78.3% (18/23) of Fostera strains and 50% (2/4) of ATP strains. None of the 472 samples were the Prime Pac strain tested by either ORF5 sequencing or the Luminex assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Wannarat Yim-Im
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Porter
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Nanyan Lu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.,Bioinformatics Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Joe Anderson
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Lance Noll
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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