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The Characterization of Dry Fermented Sausages under the "Chorizo Zamorano" Quality Label: The Application of an Alternative Statistical Approach. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030483. [PMID: 36766013 PMCID: PMC9914336 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of quality brand meat products, such as "Chorizo Zamorano" dry fermented sausages, involves a wide range of data which makes it necessary to use alternative statistical methodologies. In this study, the feasibility of the Categorical Principal Components Analysis as a multivariate non-linear technique for the characterization of "Chorizo Zamorano" was assessed. The data analyzed were those of eight commercial brands covered by the quality mark over an eight-year period (2013-2020) and included parameters of the physicochemical composition and organoleptic properties of the product. The results showed that "Chorizo Zamorano" has an average moisture content (28.28%), high protein (38.38%) and fat (51.05%) contents, and a very low carbohydrate concentration (1.52%). Results showed that the fat and protein content and the sensory parameters related to external and internal odor appeared to be the studied variables with the greatest influence on the classification of the products according to their quality.
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Sacarrão-Birrento L, Gomes MJ, Silva SR, Silva JA, Moreira D, Vieira R, Ferreira LM, Pereira P, de Almeida AM, Almeida JC, Venâncio C. Growth Performance, Carcass and Meat Traits of Autochthonous Arouquesa Weaners Raised on Traditional and Improved Feeding Systems. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192501. [PMID: 36230244 PMCID: PMC9558957 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arouquesa is an autochthonous bovine breed known for its Arouquesa PDO beef labeling. There are several production systems under the definition of PDO labeling. This study aimed to compare the effect of different production systems on carcass and meat traits for the Arouquesa breed. Two trials differing in diet and weaning age were conducted. The first trial included a TF group fed the traditional way and weaned at 9 months; a TF + S1 group, equal to TF, but with a starter supplement; and finally, a S1 + S2 group that was fed with a starter and a growth supplement and weaned at 5 months. The second trial was composed of a TF + S3 group fed like the TF + S1 group but reared until 12 months with a finishing supplement, and finally, the S3 group fed like the S1 + S2 group but reared until 12 months. In the first trial, the TF + S1 and S1 + S2 groups showed higher final live weight and average daily gain. In the second trial, we observed differences in the subcutaneous fat that was higher in the S3 group. Regarding meat traits, we observed differences in exudative and cooking losses in the first trial. In general, supplementation improved meat production without affecting meat quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sacarrão-Birrento
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.S.-B.); (C.V.)
| | - Maria José Gomes
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV) and Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Severiano R. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV) and Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José A. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV) and Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Duarte Moreira
- Animal Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Raquel Vieira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luis Mendes Ferreira
- Animal Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pereira
- Cevargado—Alimentos Compostos, Unipessoal, Lda., Arcos, 4480-028 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - André M. de Almeida
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Almeida
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV) and Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Animal Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.S.-B.); (C.V.)
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Livestock Management for the Delivery of Ecosystem Services in Fire-Prone Shrublands of Atlantic Iberia. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, characterized by its humid climate, large rural areas are being abandoned, mostly in less-favoured areas covered by heathlands, which present a low nutritive quality for livestock production. The high combustibility of these shrublands is driving a high wildfire incidence with negative environmental and economic effects. In this review, some aspects on wildfire occurrence and the potential of grazing livestock to reduce woody phytomass and fire risk in heathland-dominated areas whilst maintaining quality production and preserving biodiversity are summarized. Heathlands may be partially improved—converted to grassland—to better meet animals’ nutritional requirements while acting as ‘natural’ firebreaks. The specific grazing behaviour offers the opportunity to combine different domestic herbivores (mixed grazing) to achieve sustainable systems utilizing heterogeneous resources. Cattle, sheep, goats, and horses may have a role in the provision of different ecosystem services such as food production and biodiversity conservation. Genotype x environment interactions shape the ability of animals to cope with poor vegetation conditions, with smaller species and breeds performing better than larger animals. Goats and horses are indicated to arrest woody encroachment. Sustainable grazing systems are affordable in heathland–grassland mosaics by selecting appropriate livestock species and breeds for quality production, thus favouring rural economies and lowering fire risk.
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Najar-Villarreal F, Boyle EAE, Danler RD, O’Quinn TG, Houser TA, Gonzalez JM. Fatty Acid Composition, Proximate Analysis, and Consumer Sensory Evaluation of United States Retail Grass-Fed Ground Beef. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2019.06.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, consumer liking, and consumer acceptability of ground beef with 2 finishing diets. Three ground beef treatments were used in this study and included grass-fed, grain-fed Angus, and grain-fed commodity beef. Ground beef samples were evaluated for consumer sensory response, pH, proximate composition, and fatty acid composition. Grain-fed samples were rated higher (P < 0.01) for overall liking compared to grass-fed samples. Consumers found tenderness and juiciness similar (P > 0.05) for all 3 types of ground beef. Consumers preferred (P < 0.05) Angus over grass-fed ground beef with a flavor acceptability of 83.3 and 73.9%, respectively; and 94.9 and 82.5%, respectively, for overall acceptability. Commodity ground beef had a similar (P > 0.05) flavor acceptability and overall acceptability to Angus and grass-fed ground beef. Grass-fed, Angus, and commodity ground beef were similar (P > 0.05) for moisture, fat, and protein content. Commodity ground beef had a higher pH (P < 0.05) than Angus and grass-fed ground beef. Samples of ground beef from the 2 grain-fed treatments had greater (P < 0.05) total saturated fatty acids (SFA) than grass-fed samples; however, ground beef from grass-fed cattle had higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; P < 0.01) than the grain-fed treatments. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was similar (P > 0.01) across all treatments. Omega-3 fatty acids were found in the greatest (P < 0.05) proportions in samples from grass-fed beef. Additionally, the omega-6:omega-3 ratio for grass-fed ground beef was lower (P < 0.05) than grain-fed source. Angus and commodity ground beef were more palatable, and there was no evidence of higher PUFA in grass-fed ground beef.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. A. E. Boyle
- Kansas State University Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
| | - R. D. Danler
- Kansas State University Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
| | - T. G. O’Quinn
- Kansas State University Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
| | - T. A. Houser
- Kansas State University Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
| | - J. M. Gonzalez
- Kansas State University Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
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Tsiplakou E, Papadomichelakis G, Sparaggis D, Sotirakoglou K, Georgiadou M, Zervas G. The effects of rearing diet, sex and age on the fatty acid profile of Chios lambs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an15074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A total of 40 lambs of Chios breed were used to determine the effect of rearing system, sex and age on the fatty acid (FA) profile of M. semimembranosus proprius (SP), M. longissimus dorsii (LD) and M. triceps brachii (TB). The lambs were assigned into two groups balanced for bodyweight and sex. The first group (n = 20) underwent natural rearing (natural) and received only maternal milk until weaning. The second group (n = 20) weaned at birth and subjected to artificial suckling (artificial) with a commercial milk replacer. At 35 days of age, 10 animals from each group were weighed and slaughtered. The remaining lambs of both groups, after weaning were fed daily 100 g barley hay per animal and a commercial concentrate diet ad libitum up to 90 days of age, where they were also weighed and slaughtered. The results showed that the FA profile of lamb muscles was related with that of suckled milk (natural or artificial). Sex did not affect the FA profile, whereas the increase in the slaughtered age lead to changes in the FA profile of lamb muscles (SP, LD, TB). In conclusion, both rearing system and age change the FA profile of lamb muscles, but not in the same manner in all of them (SP, LD, TB).
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Tsiplakou E, Papadomichelakis G, Sparaggis D, Sotirakoglou K, Georgiadou M, Zervas G. The effect of maternal or artificial milk, age and sex on three muscles fatty acid profile of Damascus breed goat kids. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kelava N, Konjačić M, Ivanković A, Ramljak J, Kos I. Veal fatty acid composition of different breeds. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Kelava
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyUniversity of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miljenko Konjačić
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyUniversity of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Ivanković
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyUniversity of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Ramljak
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyUniversity of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Kos
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyUniversity of Zagreb, Croatia
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Pouzo L, Fanego N, Santini F, Descalzo A, Pavan E. Animal performance, carcass characteristics and beef fatty acid profile of grazing steers supplemented with corn grain and increasing amounts of flaxseed at two animal weights during finishing. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sobczuk-Szul M, Wroński M, Wielgosz-Groth Z, Mochol M, Rzemieniewski A, Nogalski Z, Pogorzelska-Przybyłek P, Purwin C. The effect of slaughter season on the Fatty Acid profile in four types of fat deposits in crossbred beef bulls. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2013; 26:275-81. [PMID: 25049787 PMCID: PMC4093157 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of slaughter season on the fatty acid profile in four types of fat deposits in crossbred (Polish Holstein Friesian Black-and-White×Limousine) beef bulls. The percentage share of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography and were divided into the following categories of fatty acids: saturated (SFAs), unsaturated (UFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs), polyunsaturated (PUFAs), desirable hypocholesterolemic (DFAs) and undesirable hypercholesterolemic (OFAs), n-3 and n-6. Perinephric fat was characterized by the highest SFA concentrations (59.89%), and subcutaneous fat had the highest MUFA content (50.63%). Intramuscular fat was marked by a high percentage share of PUFAs and the highest PUFA/SFA ratio. The slaughter season had a significant effect on the levels of C18:3, C20:4 (p≤0.01) and conjugated linoleic acid (p≤0.05). There was an interaction between the slaughter season and fat type for the content of C20:4 (p≤0.01) and C20:5 (p≤0.05). The results of this study show that beef from cattle slaughtered in the summer season has a higher nutritional value and more health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sobczuk-Szul
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, ul. Oczapowskiego 5, 10 - 719 Olsztyn,
Poland
| | - Marek Wroński
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, ul. Oczapowskiego 5, 10 - 719 Olsztyn,
Poland
| | - Zofia Wielgosz-Groth
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, ul. Oczapowskiego 5, 10 - 719 Olsztyn,
Poland
| | - Magdalena Mochol
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, ul. Oczapowskiego 5, 10 - 719 Olsztyn,
Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Rzemieniewski
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, ul. Oczapowskiego 5, 10 - 719 Olsztyn,
Poland
| | - Zenon Nogalski
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, ul. Oczapowskiego 5, 10 - 719 Olsztyn,
Poland
| | - Paulina Pogorzelska-Przybyłek
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, ul. Oczapowskiego 5, 10 - 719 Olsztyn,
Poland
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Pestana JM, Costa AS, Alves SP, Martins SV, Alfaia CM, Bessa RJ, Prates JA. Seasonal changes and muscle type effect on the nutritional quality of intramuscular fat in Mirandesa-PDO veal. Meat Sci 2012; 90:819-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Sexten AK, Krehbiel CR, Dillwith JW, Madden RD, McMurphy CP, Lalman DL, Mateescu RG. Effect of muscle type, sire breed, and time of weaning on fatty acid composition of finishing steers1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:616-25. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Sexten
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - C. R. Krehbiel
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
| | - J. W. Dillwith
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
| | - R. D. Madden
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
| | - C. P. McMurphy
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
| | - D. L. Lalman
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
| | - R. G. Mateescu
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
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Jutzeler van Wijlen RP. Long-term conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans - effects on body composition and safety. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Grass-based ruminant production methods and human bioconversion of vaccenic acid with estimations of maximal dietary intake of conjugated linoleic acids. Int Dairy J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Daley CA, Abbott A, Doyle PS, Nader GA, Larson S. A review of fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content in grass-fed and grain-fed beef. Nutr J 2010; 9:10. [PMID: 20219103 PMCID: PMC2846864 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing consumer interest in grass-fed beef products has raised a number of questions with regard to the perceived differences in nutritional quality between grass-fed and grain-fed cattle. Research spanning three decades suggests that grass-based diets can significantly improve the fatty acid (FA) composition and antioxidant content of beef, albeit with variable impacts on overall palatability. Grass-based diets have been shown to enhance total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (C18:2) isomers, trans vaccenic acid (TVA) (C18:1 t11), a precursor to CLA, and omega-3 (n-3) FAs on a g/g fat basis. While the overall concentration of total SFAs is not different between feeding regimens, grass-finished beef tends toward a higher proportion of cholesterol neutral stearic FA (C18:0), and less cholesterol-elevating SFAs such as myristic (C14:0) and palmitic (C16:0) FAs. Several studies suggest that grass-based diets elevate precursors for Vitamin A and E, as well as cancer fighting antioxidants such as glutathione (GT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as compared to grain-fed contemporaries. Fat conscious consumers will also prefer the overall lower fat content of a grass-fed beef product. However, consumers should be aware that the differences in FA content will also give grass-fed beef a distinct grass flavor and unique cooking qualities that should be considered when making the transition from grain-fed beef. In addition, the fat from grass-finished beef may have a yellowish appearance from the elevated carotenoid content (precursor to Vitamin A). It is also noted that grain-fed beef consumers may achieve similar intakes of both n-3 and CLA through the consumption of higher fat grain-fed portions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Daley
- College of Agriculture, California State University, Chico, CA, USA
| | - Amber Abbott
- College of Agriculture, California State University, Chico, CA, USA
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- College of Agriculture, California State University, Chico, CA, USA
| | - Glenn A Nader
- University of California Cooperative Extension Service, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Larson
- University of California Cooperative Extension Service, Davis, CA, USA
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