1
|
Madoroba E, Malokotsa KP, Ngwane C, Lebelo S, Magwedere K. Presence and Virulence Characteristics of Shiga Toxin Escherichia coli and Non-Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 in Products from Animal Protein Supply Chain Enterprises in South Africa. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:386-393. [PMID: 35512735 PMCID: PMC9245721 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of food that is contaminated with Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has been linked to serious foodborne disease outbreaks. Our aim was to provide a descriptive study on the presence and virulence factors of STEC and non-STEC O157 isolates recovered from 2017 diverse meat and meat product samples from all provinces of South Africa (n = 1758) and imported meat from South Africa's major ports of entry (n = 259). A cross-sectional study was undertaken to analyze raw intact meat, raw processed (nonintact) meat, and ready-to-eat (RTE) meat from cattle, game, sheep, pork, and poultry. Isolation was performed using International Organization for Standardization-based microbiological techniques, while detection and characterization were performed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and conventional PCR targeting the stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA genes. A total of 28 of 1758 (1.59%; confidence interval [CI] 1.1–2) samples from the domestic market tested positive (n = 10 Escherichia coli O157:H7; n = 14 Escherichia coli O157: non-H7; and n = 4 non-O157 STEC), while 4/259 (1.54%; CI 0.4–4) samples from ports of entry tested positive for Escherichia coli O157:H7 based on RT-PCR. On average, diverse samples from domestic meat and meat products from cattle showed the highest number of positive samples (22/1758; 1.3%; CI 0.8–2). RT-PCR detected more positive samples (n = 32) compared with culture (n = 17). Sixteen different virulence factor combinations were observed. Our findings demonstrate a relatively low presence of diverse STEC strains along the meat value chain. To our knowledge, this is the first extensive report in South Africa to analyze STEC and non-STEC O157 from local and imported samples from many animal species. This is important as it reveals virulence factors in STEC strains circulating in meat and meat products in South Africa, which contribute to the risk of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Madoroba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Keneiloe Portia Malokotsa
- Bacteriology Section, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Cynthia Ngwane
- Agricultural Research Council-Biometry Unit, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Sogolo Lebelo
- Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Kudakwashe Magwedere
- Directorate of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ameer A, Seleshe S, Kim BJ, Kang SN. Inoculation of Lactobacillus sakei on Quality Traits of Dry Fermented Sausages. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:476-484. [PMID: 35047445 PMCID: PMC8747959 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.4.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, fermented sausage prepared by inoculating different strains of Lactobacillus sakei was assessed for their physiochemical, microbiological, and textural characteristics during fermentation and ripening. Five treatments were prepared: Control (commercial starter culture, C), L. sakei Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC)-3802 (S1), L. sakei KCTC-3598 (S2), L. sakei KCTC-5053 (S3), and L. sakei KCTC-3603 (S4). The different strains of L. sakei did not show substantial differences (P>0.05) in pH values for dry fermented sausages at the end of the ripening period. Water activity (aw) values for all treatments were below 0.85 (P<0.05). Total viable count at the end of the study decreased in all L. sakei starter culture inoculated fermented sausages as S3> S2> S1> S4. High values of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count and hardness were observed in the S2 batch as compared to other L. sakei inoculated treatments at the end of ripening (21st day). S3 inoculated with L. sakei strain exhibited significantly (P<0.05) higher value of a* (redness). A significant difference (P<0.05) in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was exhibited in the following order: S4> S2> S1> S3> C. This study suggests that inoculation of S3 (L. sakei KCTC-5053) strain can improve the red color and reduce lipid oxidation while S2 enhances better microbiological quality as LAB. Incorporation of S3 and S2 strains accordingly can be helpful to enhance the quality of dry fermented sausages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Ameer
- Department of Animal Resource, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Semeneh Seleshe
- Department of Animal Resource, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Beom-Joon Kim
- Department of Animal Resource, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Suk Nam Kang
- Department of Animal Resource, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nastasijevic I, Schmidt JW, Boskovic M, Glisic M, Kalchayanand N, Shackelford SD, Wheeler TL, Koohmaraie M, Bosilevac JM. Seasonal Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli on Pork Carcasses for Three Steps of the Harvest Process at Two Commercial Processing Plants in the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 87:e01711-20. [PMID: 33067201 PMCID: PMC7755256 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01711-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a foodborne pathogen that has a significant impact on public health, with strains possessing the attachment factor intimin referred to as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and associated with life-threatening illnesses. Cattle and beef are considered typical sources of STEC, but their presence in pork products is a growing concern. Therefore, carcasses (n = 1,536) at two U.S. pork processors were sampled once per season at three stages of harvest (poststunning skins, postscald carcasses, and chilled carcasses) and then examined using PCR for Shiga toxin genes (stx), intimin genes (eae), aerobic plate count (APC), and Enterobacteriaceae counts (EBC). The prevalence of stx on skins, postscald, and chilled carcasses was 85.3, 17.5, and 5.4%, respectively, with 82.3, 7.8, and 1.7% of swabs, respectively, having stx and eae present. All stx-positive samples were subjected to culture isolation that resulted in 368 STEC and 46 EHEC isolates. The most frequently identified STEC were serogroups O121, O8, and O91 (63, 6.7, and 6.0% of total STEC, respectively). The most frequently isolated EHEC was serotype O157:H7 (63% of total EHEC). Results showed that scalding significantly reduced (P < 0.05) carcass APC and EBC by 3.00- and 2.50-log10 CFU/100 cm2, respectively. A seasonal effect was observed, with STEC prevalence lower (P < 0.05) in winter. The data from this study show significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the incidence of STEC (stx) from 85.3% to 5.4% and of EHEC (stx plus eae) from 82.3% to 1.7% within the slaughter-to-chilling continuum, respectively, and that potential EHEC can be confirmed present throughout using culture isolation.IMPORTANCE Seven serogroups of STEC are responsible for most (>75%) cases of severe illnesses caused by STEC and are considered adulterants of beef. However, some STEC outbreaks have been attributed to pork products, although the same E. coli are not considered adulterants in pork because little is known of their prevalence along the pork chain. The significance of the work presented here is that it identifies disease-causing STEC, EHEC, demonstrating that these same organisms are a food safety hazard in pork as well as beef. The results show that most STEC isolated from pork are not likely to cause severe disease in humans and that processes used in pork harvest, such as scalding, offer a significant control point to reduce contamination. The results will assist the pork processing industry and regulatory agencies to optimize interventions to improve the safety of pork products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Schmidt
- USDA ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Marija Boskovic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Glisic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Tommy L Wheeler
- USDA ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Farthing TS, Dawson DE, Sanderson MW, Lanzas C. Accounting for space and uncertainty in real-time location system-derived contact networks. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4702-4715. [PMID: 32551054 PMCID: PMC7297745 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Point data obtained from real-time location systems (RTLSs) can be processed into animal contact networks, describing instances of interaction between tracked individuals. Proximity-based definitions of interanimal "contact," however, may be inadequate for describing epidemiologically and sociologically relevant interactions involving body parts or other physical spaces relatively far from tracking devices. This weakness can be overcome by using polygons, rather than points, to represent tracked individuals and defining "contact" as polygon intersections.We present novel procedures for deriving polygons from RTLS point data while maintaining distances and orientations associated with individuals' relocation events. We demonstrate the versatility of this methodology for network modeling using two contact network creation examples, wherein we use this procedure to create (a) interanimal physical contact networks and (b) a visual contact network. Additionally, in creating our networks, we establish another procedure to adjust definitions of "contact" to account for RTLS positional accuracy, ensuring all true contacts are likely captured and represented in our networks.Using the methods described herein and the associated R package we have developed, called contact, researchers can derive polygons from RTLS points. Furthermore, we show that these polygons are highly versatile for contact network creation and can be used to answer a wide variety of epidemiological, ethological, and sociological research questions.By introducing these methodologies and providing the means to easily apply them through the contact R package, we hope to vastly improve network-model realism and researchers' ability to draw inferences from RTLS data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S. Farthing
- Department of Population Health and PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Daniel E. Dawson
- Department of Population Health and PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Michael W. Sanderson
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineCenter for Outcomes Research and EpidemiologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Cristina Lanzas
- Department of Population Health and PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jaja IF, Green E, Muchenje V. Aerobic Mesophilic, Coliform, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus Counts of Raw Meat from the Formal and Informal Meat Sectors in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040819. [PMID: 29690529 PMCID: PMC5923861 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne disease (FBD) is a global public health concern, and foods from animal sources have been associated with outbreaks of food-related illness. In this study, animal carcasses from the two abattoirs (HT1 and HT2) in the formal meat sector (FMS) and slaughter points in the informal meat sector (INMS) were examined at two stages of slaughter (before washing and after washing) for aerobic colony counts (ACC) and total viable count (TCC), as well as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus count. At each stage, carcasses were sampled by swabbing at the neck, brisket, flank, and rump. ACC for beef, mutton, and pork carcasses at HT1 and HT2 before washing were between 2.5–5.8, 2.2–4.7, and 2.7–3.7 mean log CFU/cm2, respectively, and TCC count before washing was highest on the neck of cattle (6.3 ± 2.4) and after washing was highest on the perineal of sheep (5.7 ± 6.9). In the INMS, TCC count was highest on the brisket (6.9 ± 3.2) and in the neck (5.5 ± 2.4). Higher ACC values of 6.2–6.7 mean log CFU/cm2 were obtained in the INMS. The highest count for E. coli (4.2 mean log CFU/cm2) after washing was in the neck, while the highest count for S. aureus (4.0 mean log CFU/cm2) was in the flank. All bacteria count in the INMS exceeded acceptable limits, and washing did not significantly reduce microbial load in meat in the FMS and INMS. Bacteria count in the FMS and INMS exceeded acceptable standards. However, meat processed in the INMS poses a more significant risk of FBD to consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Ezekiel Green
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Voster Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Villarreal-Silva M, Genho DP, Ilhak I, Lucia LM, Dickson JS, Gehring KB, Savell JW, Castillo A. Tracing Surrogates for Enteric Pathogens Inoculated on Hide through the Beef Harvesting Process. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1860-1867. [PMID: 28221906 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple antimicrobial interventions have been validated for use during the beef postharvesting process. However, little has been done to determine the impact of the postharvest environment on pathogen contamination. In this study, surrogate microorganisms were used to simulate pathogen cross-contamination through the postharvest environment at three different abattoirs. At each abattoir, the brisket areas of 13 hide-on carcasses were inoculated after stunning, with a gelatin slurry containing a cocktail (~7 log CFU/ml) of fluorescent Escherichia coli biotype I. These microorganisms are approved as surrogates for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella . From these carcasses, samples (300 cm2) were taken at different stages during the harvesting process: after hide opening, prior to evisceration, after evisceration, after splitting, and after final intervention. The carcass (noninoculated) immediately following (adjacent to) each hide-inoculated carcass was also tested to determine cross-contamination. Environmental (floor, walls, air) and personal garment (gloves, boots, aprons) samples were collected. Other sampled equipment included knives, meat hooks, hide pullers, and splitting saws. Results demonstrated that cross-contamination occurred between the inoculated hide and the carcass and also by transfer of microorganisms to the adjacent, noninoculated carcasses. Microbial transfer also occurred from hides or carcasses to the environment, personal garments, and equipment. Counts of the surrogate bacteria used were higher in equipment samples (15%) than in environment samples (10%). Personal garments had the lowest occurrence of cross-contamination (7%). For all abattoirs, surrogates were undetected on the carcass (<1.4 log CFU/300cm2) after the final intervention stage. This study confirms the importance of following adequate procedures for carcass dressing and highlights an adequate hide opening procedure as a crucial step to prevent carcass contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Villarreal-Silva
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| | - Daniel P Genho
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| | - Irfan Ilhak
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| | - Lisa M Lucia
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| | - James S Dickson
- 215F Meat Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA
| | - Kerri B Gehring
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| | - Jeffrey W Savell
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| | - Alejandro Castillo
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nastasijevic I, Tomasevic I, Smigic N, Milicevic D, Petrovic Z, Djekic I. Hygiene assessment of Serbian meat establishments using different scoring systems. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
8
|
Dong P, Zhu L, Mao Y, Liang R, Niu L, Zhang Y, Luo X. Prevalence and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from samples along the production line in Chinese beef-processing plants. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Comi G, Tirloni E, Andyanto D, Manzano M, Iacumin L. Use of bio-protective cultures to improve the shelf-life and the sensorial characteristics of commercial hamburgers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
10
|
Lambertini E, Karns JS, Van Kessel JAS, Cao H, Schukken YH, Wolfgang DR, Smith JM, Pradhan AK. Dynamics of Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Dairy Herds and Farm Environments in a Longitudinal Study in the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4477-88. [PMID: 25911478 PMCID: PMC4475889 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00465-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli or its associated virulence factors have been frequently detected in dairy cow manure, milk, and dairy farm environments. However, it is unclear what the long-term dynamics of E. coli virulence factors are and which farm compartments act as reservoirs. This study assessed the occurrence and dynamics of four E. coli virulence factors (eae, stx1, stx2, and the gamma allele of the tir gene [γ-tir]) on three U.S. dairy farms. Fecal, manure, water, feed, milk, and milk filter samples were collected from 2004 to 2012. Virulence factors were measured by postenrichment quantitative PCR (qPCR). All factors were detected in most compartments on all farms. Fecal and manure samples showed the highest prevalence, up to 53% for stx and 21% for γ-tir in fecal samples and up to 84% for stx and 44% for γ-tir in manure. Prevalence was low in milk (up to 1.9% for stx and 0.7% for γ-tir). However, 35% of milk filters were positive for stx and 20% were positive for γ-tir. All factors were detected in feed and water. Factor prevalence and levels, expressed as qPCR cycle threshold categories, fluctuated significantly over time, with no clear seasonal signal independent from year-to-year variability. Levels were correlated between fecal and manure samples, and in some cases autocorrelated, but not between manure and milk filters. Shiga toxins were nearly ubiquitous, and 10 to 18% of the lactating cows were potential shedders of E. coli O157 at least once during their time in the herds. E. coli virulence factors appear to persist in many areas of the farms and therefore contribute to transmission dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Karns
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jo Ann S Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Huilin Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ynte H Schukken
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA GD Animal Health, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - David R Wolfgang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julia M Smith
- Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Abani K Pradhan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ducic M, Blagojevic B, Markov S, Velicanski A, Buncic S. General patterns of background microbiota and selected bacterial pathogens during production of fermented sausages in Serbia. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
Islam MZ, Musekiwa A, Islam K, Ahmed S, Chowdhury S, Ahad A, Biswas PK. Regional variation in the prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93299. [PMID: 24691253 PMCID: PMC3972218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli O157 (EcO157) infection has been recognized as an important global public health concern. But information on the prevalence of EcO157 in cattle at the global and at the wider geographical levels is limited, if not absent. This is the first meta-analysis to investigate the point prevalence of EcO157 in cattle at the global level and to explore the factors contributing to variation in prevalence estimates. METHODS Seven electronic databases- CAB Abstracts, PubMed, Biosis Citation Index, Medline, Web of Knowledge, Scirus and Scopus were searched for relevant publications from 1980 to 2012. A random effect meta-analysis model was used to produce the pooled estimates. The potential sources of between study heterogeneity were identified using meta-regression. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 140 studies consisting 220,427 cattle were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence estimate of EcO157 in cattle at the global level was 5.68% (95% CI, 5.16-6.20). The random effects pooled prevalence estimates in Africa, Northern America, Oceania, Europe, Asia and Latin America-Caribbean were 31.20% (95% CI, 12.35-50.04), 7.35% (95% CI, 6.44-8.26), 6.85% (95% CI, 2.41-11.29), 5.15% (95% CI, 4.21-6.09), 4.69% (95% CI, 3.05-6.33) and 1.65% (95% CI, 0.77-2.53), respectively. Between studies heterogeneity was evidenced in most regions. World region (p<0.001), type of cattle (p<0.001) and to some extent, specimens (p = 0.074) as well as method of pre-enrichment (p = 0.110), were identified as factors for variation in the prevalence estimates of EcO157 in cattle. CONCLUSION The prevalence of the organism seems to be higher in the African and Northern American regions. The important factors that might have influence in the estimates of EcO157 are type of cattle and kind of screening specimen. Their roles need to be determined and they should be properly handled in any survey to estimate the true prevalence of EcO157.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Zohorul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Alfred Musekiwa
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Kamrul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Chittagong Veterinary Laboratory, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Paritosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ayaz ND, Gencay YE, Erol I. Prevalence and molecular characterization of sorbitol fermenting and non-fermenting Escherichia coli O157:H7+/H7– isolated from cattle at slaughterhouse and slaughterhouse wastewater. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 174:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
14
|
Improvement of the Quality and the Shelf Life of the High Oxygen Modified Atmosphere Packaged Veal by Superficial Spraying with Dihydroquercetin Solution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2014; 2014:629062. [PMID: 26904641 PMCID: PMC4745516 DOI: 10.1155/2014/629062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of quality and the shelf life of veal by combination of 80%O2/20%CO2 modified atmosphere packaging and superficial spraying with 0.02% dihydroquercetin solutions was studied. The control samples C, air packaged only, D, air packaged sprayed by 0.02% dihydroquercetin solution, MAP, modified atmosphere packaging only, BMAP, modified atmosphere packaging sprayed by 0.02% butylated hydroxytoluene solution, and DMAP, modified atmosphere packaging sprayed by 0.02% dihydroquercetin solution, were measured. The best results were obtained in modified atmosphere packaging sprayed by 0.02% dihydroquercetin solution. Comparisons with control samples were expressed as reduction in acid value with 27.72%, peroxide value with 64.74%, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with 65.71%, and the pH with 6.18%. The acid and peroxide values, TBARS, and pH were decreased linearly in response when applying the combination of 80%O2/20%CO2 modified atmosphere packaging and superficial spraying with 0.02% dihydroquercetin solutions (P < 0.05). The changes of amino nitrogen content of modified atmosphere packaging veal were not influenced statistically significantly by 0.02% dihydroquercetin solution (P > 0.05). According to results obtained it was concluded that 80%O2/20%CO2 modified atmosphere packaged veal stored at 0 ± 0.5°C after 0.02% dihydroquercetin solution treatment can preserve its quality and shelf life to 15 d postmortem.
Collapse
|
15
|
Modelling survival kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on stainless steel surfaces soiled with different substrates under static conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Food Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Miszczycha SD, Ganet S, Duniere L, Rozand C, Loukiadis E, Thevenot-Sergentet D. Novel real-time PCR method to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw milk cheese and raw ground meat. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1373-81. [PMID: 22856560 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Raw milk, raw milk cheeses, and raw ground meat have been implicated in Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks. Developing methods to detect these bacteria in raw milk and meat products is a major challenge for food safety. The aim of our study was to develop a real-time PCR assay to detect E. coli O157:H7 in raw milk cheeses and raw ground meat. Well-known primers targeting a mutation at position +93 of the uidA gene in E. coli O157:H7 were chosen, and a specific TaqMan-minor groove binder probe was designed. This probe targets another mutation, at position +191 of the uidA gene in E. coli O157:H7. The first step in the study was to evaluate the specificity of this probe with 156 different O157:H7/NM strains and 48 non-O157:H7/NM strains of E. coli. The sensitivity of the method was evaluated by pre- and postinoculation of cheeses and meat enrichments with different E. coli O157:H7 strains. All the E. coli O157:H7 isolates tested were positive, and none of the other bacteria were detected. Our results indicate that this method is sensitive enough to detect 10(2) E. coli O157:H7 isolates per ml of cheese or meat enrichment broth (24 h at 41.5° C) and is more sensitive than the International Organization for Standardization reference method. We can conclude that this new real-time PCR protocol is a useful tool for rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7 in raw milk and raw ground meat products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane D Miszczycha
- Unité de Recherche CALITYSS/Equipe EMSA, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, 1 avenue Claude Bourgelat, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Serotypes and virulotypes of non-O157 shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) on bovine hides and carcasses. Food Microbiol 2012; 32:223-9. [PMID: 22986184 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Four hundred and fifty beef animal hides and a similar number of carcasses were screened for STEC in 3 beef abattoirs over a 12 month period using PCR and culture based methods. 67% (301/450) of hides and 27% (122/450) of carcasses were STEC PCR positive. Forty isolates representing 12 STEC serotypes (O5:H-, O13:H2, O26:H11, O33:H11, O55:H11, O113:H4, O128:H8, O136:H12, O138:H48, O150:H2, O168:H8 and ONT:H11) and 15 serotype-virulotype combinations were identified. This study provides much needed non-O157 STEC surveillance data and also provides further evidence of bovines as a source of clinically significant STEC as well as identifying 3 emerging serotypes O5:H- (eae-β1), O13:H2 (eae-ζ), and O150:H2 (eae-ζ) that should be considered when developing beef testing procedures for non-O157 STEC.
Collapse
|
18
|
Reduction of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in production of fermented sausages. Meat Sci 2011; 89:286-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
19
|
Etcheverría A, Padola N, Sanz M, Polifroni R, Krüger A, Passucci J, Rodríguez E, Taraborelli A, Ballerio M, Parma A. Occurrence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) on carcasses and retail beef cuts in the marketing chain of beef in Argentina. Meat Sci 2010; 86:418-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|